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Chemosensors
Special Issues
Advanced Nanomaterials for Flexible and Wearable Chemo- and Bio- Sensors
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Advanced Nanomaterials for Flexible and Wearable Chemo- and Bio- Sensors

A special issue of Chemosensors (ISSN 2227-9040). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials for Chemical Sensing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 August 2022) | Viewed by 30639

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Dan Xie

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Interests: new electronic devices based on two-dimensional materials (graphene, molybdenum sulfide, etc.); optoelectronic devices based on two-dimensional materials and nanostructures (including new solar cells and photodetectors); sensing devices based on novel nanocomposite structures (including gas sensors, chemical sensors, and biosensors)
Prof. Dr. Jian-Long Xu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials &Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
Interests: flexible electronics; wearable sensor system; optical sensors; chemical and biological Sensors
Dr. Yilin Sun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Interests: 2D materials; heterostructure; neuromorphic devices; optical sensors; flexible devices
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recently, flexible and wearable chemo- and bio-sensors have attracted much attention due to their great potential applications for detection of important analytes for biological and environmental purposes such as real-time and dynamic monitoring of human physiological and environmental information. The primary task for developing flexible and wearable chemo- and bio-sensors with high flexibility, sensitivity, and stability is seeking for suitable advanced nanomaterials such as low-dimensional materials, nanostructured oxides, and hybrid materials. The emerging advanced materials help implant chemo- and bio-sensors into various device formats such as flexible tapes, wristbands, clothing, and patches to track a range of chemical biological indicators. The research on advanced nanomaterials involves the material synthesis methods, characterization techniques, material functionalization, flexible device fabrication, etc. Therefore, the development of flexible and wearable chemo- and bio-sensors is inseparable from the prosperity of advanced materials.

The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight the recent advances on “Advanced Nanomaterials for Flexible and Wearable Chemo- and Bio-Sensors” and to promote the development of advanced nanomaterials and their applications towards chemo- and bio- sensors. The major scope of this issue will cover the detection of toxic gases, volatile organic compounds, metal ions, anions, biomolecules and luminescent probes based on flexible and wearable chemo- and bio-sensors.

Dr. Dan Xie
Prof. Dr. Jian-Long Xu
Dr. Yilin Sun
Guest Editors

If you want to learn more information or need any advice, you can contact the Special Issue Editor Tammy Zhang via <[email protected]> directly.

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Chemosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Advanced nanomaterials
  • Low-dimensional materials
  • Hybrid nanostructures
  • Optical sensors
  • Gas sensors
  • Chemo-sensors
  • Bio-sensors
  • Flexible and wearable sensors

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Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 3791 KiB  
Article
In Situ Growth of Dopamine on QCM for Humidity Detection
by Pengjia Qi, Ziwei Xu and Tong Zhang
Chemosensors 2022, 10(12), 522; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10120522 - 8 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1594
Abstract
Polydopamine (PDA) films were successfully prepared on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) by in-situ growth method, and the obtained QCM sensor was used for humidity detection. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the chemical composition and [...] Read more.
Polydopamine (PDA) films were successfully prepared on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) by in-situ growth method, and the obtained QCM sensor was used for humidity detection. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the chemical composition and microstructure of the in-situ grown PDA sensitive films. The experimental results showed that the PDA-QCM humidity sensor with 2 h polymerization growth times (2-PDA-QCM) owned high sensitivity (20.77 Hz/% RH), good selectivity, short response/recovery time (5 s/11 s) and acceptable long-term stability. In addition, the energy loss of the sensors fabricated under different conditions was investigated by impedance analysis. Based on all the test results, it is concluded that the combination of in-situ growth method and QCM can produce a room temperature humidity sensor with excellent performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomaterials for Flexible and Wearable Chemo- and Bio- Sensors)
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10 pages, 2279 KiB  
Article
Au/La Co-Modified In2O3 Nanospheres for Highly Sensitive Ethanol Gas Detection
by Hang Liu, Peihua Li, Bing Liu, Tong Zhang and Yuhong Zhang
Chemosensors 2022, 10(10), 392; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10100392 - 24 Sep 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1518
Abstract
In this paper, the gas-sensitive properties of co-doping the rare earth element La and noble metal Au in In2O3 nanospheres were investigated for ethanol detection. Through XRD and SEM characterization, the grain size of La-In2O3 and Au/La-In [...] Read more.
In this paper, the gas-sensitive properties of co-doping the rare earth element La and noble metal Au in In2O3 nanospheres were investigated for ethanol detection. Through XRD and SEM characterization, the grain size of La-In2O3 and Au/La-In2O3 nanoparticles was smaller than that of pure In2O3. As expected, the smaller grain size sample has shown a higher response for ethanol vapor. Compared with the pure In2O3 nanoparticles, the 2 mol%Au/2 mol%La-In2O3 sample has shown better ethanol-sensing properties, including higher sensitivity (S = 381) and lower operating temperature (210 °C) for 100 ppm ethanol vapor. In addition, the Au/La-In2O3 sensor presented a fast response time (1 s). The enhancement mechanism of the ethanol response was discussed for Au/La-In2O3 nanoparticles. The obtained experimental results would provide a new road for designing higher response sensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomaterials for Flexible and Wearable Chemo- and Bio- Sensors)
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11 pages, 3236 KiB  
Article
Influence of Positive Ion (Al3+, Sn4+, and Sb5+) Doping on the Basic Resistance and Sensing Performances of ZnO Nanoparticles Based Gas Sensors
by Peng Zhang, Shuang Cao, Ning Sui, Yifeng Xu, Tingting Zhou, Yuan He and Tong Zhang
Chemosensors 2022, 10(9), 364; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10090364 - 10 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2205
Abstract
Despite potential advantages of metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs)-based gas sensors, the limitation of very high baseline resistance is still unsatisfactory for practical application. By means of element doping, the performance of metal oxide materials used as gas sensors can be optimized. Herein, different [...] Read more.
Despite potential advantages of metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs)-based gas sensors, the limitation of very high baseline resistance is still unsatisfactory for practical application. By means of element doping, the performance of metal oxide materials used as gas sensors can be optimized. Herein, different cations (Al3+, Sn4+, and Sb5+) doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized and used as the acetone sensing materials. Results show that the resistance of sensors based on Sn4+ doped ZnO was significantly reduced (from 5.18 to 0.28 MΩ) at 270 °C without sacrificing the acetone sensing responses. In addition, the gas sensor also exhibited the fast response/recovery time (1/10 s) and great long-term stability. The electron compensation and improved adsorbing oxygen ability for the Sn4+ doped ZnO nanoparticles contributed to the relatively low resistance and enhanced acetone sensing performances. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomaterials for Flexible and Wearable Chemo- and Bio- Sensors)
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11 pages, 5481 KiB  
Article
Ba-Modified ZnO Nanorods Loaded with Palladium for Highly Sensitive and Rapid Detection of Methane at Low Temperatures
by Yijing Cai, Shirui Luo, Renjie Chen, Junxia Yu and Lan Xiang
Chemosensors 2022, 10(9), 346; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10090346 - 23 Aug 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1916
Abstract
Exploring novel sensing materials to rapidly identify CH4 at low temperatures is crucial for various practical applications. Herein, a novel ZnO-xBa/Pd with Ba of cocatalyst loading from 0 to 2.0 wt% was facilely prepared using a two-step impregnation method to improve the [...] Read more.
Exploring novel sensing materials to rapidly identify CH4 at low temperatures is crucial for various practical applications. Herein, a novel ZnO-xBa/Pd with Ba of cocatalyst loading from 0 to 2.0 wt% was facilely prepared using a two-step impregnation method to improve the sensitivity of the CH4 gas sensor. The microstructure, chemical states of the elements, and surface properties of ZnO-Ba/Pd were characterized, and the gas-sensitive performance of ZnO-Ba/Pd sensors was investigated. Compared to methane sensors based on other inorganic and organic material sensors, the sensor based on ZnO-1.0Ba/Pd exhibited a faster response/recovery time (1.4 s/8.3 s) and higher response (368.2%) for 5000 ppm CH4 at a lower temperature (170 °C). Moreover, the ZnO-1.0Ba/Pd sensor exhibited full reversibility and long-term stability, as well as excellent selectivity at 170 °C. The excellent performance of the ZnO-Ba/Pd sensor was attributed to the electron donation by Ba, which increases the electron density around Pd, thus enhancing the catalytic activity of Pd and promoting oxygen adsorption on the ZnO surface. The present work provides a method for the rational design and synthesis of sensitive materials in practical CH4 detection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomaterials for Flexible and Wearable Chemo- and Bio- Sensors)
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11 pages, 2806 KiB  
Article
Highly Dispersive Palladium Loading on ZnO by Galvanic Replacements with Improved Methane Sensing Performance
by Renjie Chen, Shirui Luo, Dan Xie, Yangxin Yu and Lan Xiang
Chemosensors 2022, 10(8), 329; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10080329 - 12 Aug 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2026
Abstract
Methane detection is important for the safety of production and life. Metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) methane detection is a mature and widely used technology but still experiences problems such as unsatisfying low-temperature sensing performances. In this study, ZnO/Pd with Pd nanoparticles of different [...] Read more.
Methane detection is important for the safety of production and life. Metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) methane detection is a mature and widely used technology but still experiences problems such as unsatisfying low-temperature sensing performances. In this study, ZnO/Pd with Pd nanoparticles of different diameters was prepared to study the influence of Pd dispersion on CH4 sensing properties. Results showed that CH4 sensing enhancements were positively correlated with the dispersity of Pd. Moreover, by galvanic replacement using Ag as the sacrificial template, a highly dispersive loading of Pd on ZnO was realized, and the CH4 sensing performance was further enhanced while the amount of Pd reduced from 1.35 wt% to 0.26 wt%. Experiments and DFT calculation indicated that improved CH4 sensing performance resulted from abundant catalytic sites induced by highly dispersed Pd NPs and the enhanced CH4 adsorption on positively charged Pds caused by electrons transferred from Pd to Ag. This study provides a strategy to achieve high dispersion of Pd to maximize the utilization of noble metal, which is promising for lowering the cost of the MOS-based CH4 sensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomaterials for Flexible and Wearable Chemo- and Bio- Sensors)
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14 pages, 4048 KiB  
Article
Gas Sensitive Characteristics of Polyaniline Decorated with Molybdenum Ditelluride Nanosheets
by Xinpeng Chen, Xiangdong Chen, Xing Ding and Xiang Yu
Chemosensors 2022, 10(7), 264; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10070264 - 6 Jul 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1905
Abstract
In this work, hydrochloric acid (HCl)-doped molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) nanosheets/polyaniline (PANI) nanofiber composites are prepared by in situ chemical oxidation polymerization, and then the composites are deposited on interdigital electrodes (IDEs) to fabricate a NH3 gas sensor. Morphological analysis of [...] Read more.
In this work, hydrochloric acid (HCl)-doped molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) nanosheets/polyaniline (PANI) nanofiber composites are prepared by in situ chemical oxidation polymerization, and then the composites are deposited on interdigital electrodes (IDEs) to fabricate a NH3 gas sensor. Morphological analysis of the composites reveals that the PANI fibers are deposited on 2D MoTe2 sheets, showing a porous mesh microstructure structure with a more continuous distribution of PANI layer. FTIR spectrum analysis indicates the interaction between the MoTe2 nanosheets and the PANI in the MoTe2/PANI composites. The results demonstrate that the as-prepared MoTe2/PANI composites exhibit higher response than the pure PANI, in particular, the 8 wt.% MoTe2/PANI composites display about 4.23 times enhancement in response value toward 1000 ppm NH3 gas compared with the pure PANI. The enhanced NH3 gas-sensitive properties may be due to the increasing surface area of MoTe2/PANI composite films and the possible interaction of the P-N heterojunctions formed between PANI and the 2H-MoTe2 nanosheets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomaterials for Flexible and Wearable Chemo- and Bio- Sensors)
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10 pages, 2525 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Thin Film Fabrication Techniques on the Performance of rGO Based NO2 Gas Sensors at Room Temperature
by Shazrah Shahzad, Huaipeng Wang, Weiwei Li, Yilin Sun, Dan Xie and Tianling Ren
Chemosensors 2022, 10(3), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10030119 - 21 Mar 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3549
Abstract
Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has attracted enormous interest as a promising candidate material for gas detection due to its large specific surface areas. In our work, rGO films were fabricated on a large scale using dip-coating and spin-coating methods for the detection of [...] Read more.
Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has attracted enormous interest as a promising candidate material for gas detection due to its large specific surface areas. In our work, rGO films were fabricated on a large scale using dip-coating and spin-coating methods for the detection of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas at room temperature. The influence of different test environments on the sensing performance, including the test atmosphere, gas flow and gas pressure was evaluated. The response time of the dip-coating method was 573 s with a long recovery period of 639 s and for the spin-coating method, the response time and recovery time was 386 s and 577 s, respectively. In addition, the spin-coated sensor exhibited high selectivity to NO2, with the response increasing by more than 20% (for 15 ppm NO2) as compared with that for HCHO, NH3, and CH4. Our results indicated that the spin coating method was more suitable for rGO-based gas sensors with higher performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomaterials for Flexible and Wearable Chemo- and Bio- Sensors)
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12 pages, 2563 KiB  
Article
Electrochemical Biosensor Employing Bi2S3 Nanocrystals-Modified Electrode for Bladder Cancer Biomarker Detection
by Yunong Zhao, Yanbing Tao, Qing Huang, Jing Huang, Jiayu Kuang, Ruiqin Gu, Pei Zeng, Hua-Yao Li, Huageng Liang and Huan Liu
Chemosensors 2022, 10(2), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10020048 - 27 Jan 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4908
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a kind of malignant tumor with high incidence in the urinary system, complex pathogenic causes, and the high recurrence rate. Biosensors capable of rapid, on site, and accurate bladder cancer diagnosis method continue to be lacking. Here, the electrochemical biosensor [...] Read more.
Bladder cancer is a kind of malignant tumor with high incidence in the urinary system, complex pathogenic causes, and the high recurrence rate. Biosensors capable of rapid, on site, and accurate bladder cancer diagnosis method continue to be lacking. Here, the electrochemical biosensor for detecting cytokeratin 18 (CK18, bladder cancer biomarker) was constructed based on the chemically modified electrode (CME). The work electrode (WE) was modified by bismuth sulfide semiconductor nanocrystals (Bi2S3 NCs), and then immobilized with CK18 antibodies and blocking agents to complete the electrode preparation. The results indicated that the interface of a flexible carbon electrode with Bi2S3 NCs film was steady with reliable charge transfer capability. With the large specific area and quantum size effect, the proposed sensor could detect CK18 antigen protein with an ultralow detection limit of 1.87 fM (fmol L−1) and wide linear dynamic range of 1–1000 pg mL−1, respectively. Detecting results could be read in less than 30 s with the portable, planar flexible CME. The sensitive and specific electrochemical biosensor possessed the characteristics of rapidity, ease-of-use, and non-invasive detection, indicating the application prospect in the early screening of bladder cancer and other diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomaterials for Flexible and Wearable Chemo- and Bio- Sensors)
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11 pages, 1028 KiB  
Article
Surface Acoustic Wave Biosensor with Laser-Deposited Gold Layer Having Controlled Porosity
by Dana Miu, Izabela Constantinoiu, Valentina Dinca and Cristian Viespe
Chemosensors 2021, 9(7), 173; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9070173 - 8 Jul 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2350
Abstract
Laser-deposited gold immobilization layers having different porosities were incorporated into love wave surface acoustic wave sensors (LW-SAWs). Variation of pulsed laser deposition parameters allows good control of the gold film morphology. Biosensors with various gold film porosities were tested using the biotin–avidin reaction. [...] Read more.
Laser-deposited gold immobilization layers having different porosities were incorporated into love wave surface acoustic wave sensors (LW-SAWs). Variation of pulsed laser deposition parameters allows good control of the gold film morphology. Biosensors with various gold film porosities were tested using the biotin–avidin reaction. Control of the Au layer morphology is important since the biotin and avidin layer morphologies closely follow that of the gold. The response of the sensors to biotin/avidin, which is a good indicator of biosensor performance, is improved when the gold layer has increased porosity. Given the sizes of the proteins, the laser-deposited porous gold interfaces have optimal pore dimensions to ensure protein stability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomaterials for Flexible and Wearable Chemo- and Bio- Sensors)
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Review

Jump to: Research

18 pages, 2423 KiB  
Review
Conductive Hydrogel-Based Electrochemical Sensor: A Soft Platform for Capturing Analyte
by Li Fu, Aimin Yu and Guosong Lai
Chemosensors 2021, 9(10), 282; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9100282 - 4 Oct 2021
Cited by 45 | Viewed by 6623
Abstract
Electrode modifications for electrochemical sensors attract a lot of attention every year. Among them, hydrogels are a relatively special class of electrode modifier. Since hydrogels often contain polymers, even though they are conductive polymers, they are not ideal electrode modifiers because of their [...] Read more.
Electrode modifications for electrochemical sensors attract a lot of attention every year. Among them, hydrogels are a relatively special class of electrode modifier. Since hydrogels often contain polymers, even though they are conductive polymers, they are not ideal electrode modifiers because of their poor conductivity. However, the micro-aqueous environment and the three-dimensional structure of hydrogels are an excellent platform for immobilizing bioactive molecules and maintaining their activity. This gives the hydrogel-modified electrochemical sensor the potential to perform specific recognition. At the same time, the rapid development of nanomaterials also makes the composite hydrogel have good electrical conductivity. This has led many scientists to become interested in hydrogel-based electrochemical sensors. In this review, we summarize the development process of hydrogel-based electrochemical sensors, starting from 2000. Hydrogel-based electrochemical sensors were initially used only as a carrier for biomolecules, mostly for loading enzymes and for specific recognition. With the widespread use of noble metal nanoparticles and carbon materials, hydrogels can now be used to prepare enzyme-free sensors. Although there are some sporadic studies on the use of hydrogels for practical applications, the vast majority of reports are still limited to the detection of common model molecules, such as glucose and H2O2. In the review, we classify hydrogels according to their different conducting strategies, and present the current status of the application of different hydrogels in electrochemical sensors. We also summarize the advantages and shortcomings of hydrogel-based electrochemical sensors. In addition, future prospects regarding hydrogel for electrochemical sensor use have been provided at the end. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomaterials for Flexible and Wearable Chemo- and Bio- Sensors)
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