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Mesenchymal-Stem-Cell-Based Therapeutic Strategies via Extracellular Vesicles
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Mesenchymal-Stem-Cell-Based Therapeutic Strategies via Extracellular Vesicles

A special issue of Current Issues in Molecular Biology (ISSN 1467-3045). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2024) | Viewed by 7072

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yasunari Matsuzaka

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
Interests: exosome; extracelular vesicule; intracelllar comminication; immune tolerance; vaccine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have garnered significant attention for their therapeutic potential, which appears to be largely mediated through their paracrine activity and the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs). MSC-derived EVs have emerged as promising therapeutic agents in their own right, exhibiting a range of beneficial effects in various disease models. Many searches result highlight the significant therapeutic potential of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles and the various strategies being explored to enhance their clinical utility for the treatment of a wide range of diseases and injuries.

Dr. Yasunari Matsuzaka
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • mesenchymal stem cells
  • exosomes
  • signaling pathways
  • extracellular vesicles
  • treatment

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

22 pages, 1242 KiB  
Review
Intraosseous Delivery of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Bone and Hematological Diseases
by Mikhail Yu. Artamonov and Evgeniy L. Sokov
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(11), 12672-12693; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46110752 - 8 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1216
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are used most in regenerative medicine due to their capacities in differentiation and immune modulation. The intraosseous injection of MSC into the bone has been recommended because of expected outcomes for retention, bioavailability, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy, particularly in conditions [...] Read more.
Mesenchymal stem cells are used most in regenerative medicine due to their capacities in differentiation and immune modulation. The intraosseous injection of MSC into the bone has been recommended because of expected outcomes for retention, bioavailability, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy, particularly in conditions involving the bone, such as osteoporosis and osteonecrosis. A review of the intraosseous delivery of mesenchymal stem cells in comparison with intravenous and intra-arterial delivery methods will be subjected to critical examination. This delivery mode fares better regarding paracrine signaling and immunomodulation attributes, which are the cornerstone of tissue regeneration and inflammation reduction. The local complications and technical challenges still apply with this method. This study was more focused on further research soon to be conducted to further elucidate long-term safety and efficacy of intraosseous mesenchymal stem cell therapy. Though much has been achieved with very impressive progress in this field, it is worth noting that more studies need to be put into place so that this technique can be established as a routine approach, especially with further research in biomaterials, gene therapy, and personalized medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mesenchymal-Stem-Cell-Based Therapeutic Strategies via Extracellular Vesicles)
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35 pages, 4052 KiB  
Review
Therapeutic Application and Structural Features of Adeno-Associated Virus Vector
by Yasunari Matsuzaka and Ryu Yashiro
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(8), 8464-8498; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46080499 - 2 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1985
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is characterized by non-pathogenicity, long-term infection, and broad tropism and is actively developed as a vector virus for gene therapy products. AAV is classified into more than 100 serotypes based on differences in the amino acid sequence of the capsid [...] Read more.
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is characterized by non-pathogenicity, long-term infection, and broad tropism and is actively developed as a vector virus for gene therapy products. AAV is classified into more than 100 serotypes based on differences in the amino acid sequence of the capsid protein. Endocytosis involves the uptake of viral particles by AAV and accessory receptors during AAV infection. After entry into the cell, they are transported to the nucleus through the nuclear pore complex. AAVs mainly use proteoglycans as receptors to enter cells, but the types of sugar chains in proteoglycans that have binding ability are different. Therefore, it is necessary to properly evaluate the primary structure of receptor proteins, such as amino acid sequences and post-translational modifications, including glycosylation, and the higher-order structure of proteins, such as the folding of the entire capsid structure and the three-dimensional (3D) structure of functional domains, to ensure the efficacy and safety of biopharmaceuticals. To further enhance safety, it is necessary to further improve the efficiency of gene transfer into target cells, reduce the amount of vector administered, and prevent infection of non-target cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mesenchymal-Stem-Cell-Based Therapeutic Strategies via Extracellular Vesicles)
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30 pages, 2549 KiB  
Review
Ontogeny of Skin Stem Cells and Molecular Underpinnings
by Iasonas Dermitzakis, Despoina Dimitria Kampitsi, Maria Eleni Manthou, Paschalis Evangelidis, Efstratios Vakirlis, Soultana Meditskou and Paschalis Theotokis
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(8), 8118-8147; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46080481 - 28 Jul 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3439
Abstract
Skin stem cells (SCs) play a pivotal role in supporting tissue homeostasis. Several types of SCs are responsible for maintaining and regenerating skin tissue. These include bulge SCs and others residing in the interfollicular epidermis, infundibulum, isthmus, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. The [...] Read more.
Skin stem cells (SCs) play a pivotal role in supporting tissue homeostasis. Several types of SCs are responsible for maintaining and regenerating skin tissue. These include bulge SCs and others residing in the interfollicular epidermis, infundibulum, isthmus, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. The emergence of skin SCs commences during embryogenesis, where multipotent SCs arise from various precursor populations. These early events set the foundation for the diverse pool of SCs that will reside in the adult skin, ready to respond to tissue repair and regeneration demands. A network of molecular cues regulates skin SC behavior, balancing quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation. The disruption of this delicate equilibrium can lead to SC exhaustion, impaired wound healing, and pathological conditions such as skin cancer. The present review explores the intricate mechanisms governing the development, activation, and differentiation of skin SCs, shedding light on the molecular signaling pathways that drive their fate decisions and skin homeostasis. Unraveling the complexities of these molecular drivers not only enhances our fundamental knowledge of skin biology but also holds promise for developing novel strategies to modulate skin SC fate for regenerative medicine applications, ultimately benefiting patients with skin disorders and injuries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mesenchymal-Stem-Cell-Based Therapeutic Strategies via Extracellular Vesicles)
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