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Complex Molecular Mechanism of Monogenic Diseases: 3rd Edition

A special issue of Current Issues in Molecular Biology (ISSN 1467-3045). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 June 2025 | Viewed by 2985

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
Interests: gene expression regulation; DNA replication; bacteriophages; plasmids; human genetic diseases; neurodegeneration
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is a continuation of our previous Special Issue “Complex Molecular Mechanism of Monogenic Diseases 2.0” (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/cimb/special_issues/IL4684WI14).

Monogenic diseases are defined as genetic disorders caused by mutations in single genes. Therefore, one could assume that their mechanisms might be relatively simple, as a defect in one gene should cause the dysfunction of just one protein or functional RNA molecule. However, recent studies have indicated that molecular mechanisms of monogenic diseases are significantly more complicated. The dysfunction of one gene product results not only in the inactivation of just one biochemical reaction, but a network of various reactions is affected. Then, secondary and tertiary effects sometimes lead to the dysregulation of various cellular processes, including the upregulation or downregulation of the expression of many genes, and the disturbance of the physiology of cells, tissues, organs, and whole organisms. We are only at the beginning of understanding the complicated molecular mechanisms of monogenic diseases. The complex character of such diseases is a biological puzzle and causes real problems for the development of effective therapies. The current number of known monogenic diseases is estimated to be about 7000, and only a few can be specifically treated. Moreover, the vast majority of these diseases are severe disorders, and patients suffering from them need novel effective therapies. Development of such therapies is, however, dependent on a detailed understanding of the mechanisms of each disease. Therefore, this Special Issue is focused on research conducted to understand complex molecular mechanisms of monogenic diseases. Both original papers, presenting clinical or experimental studies (using cellular and/or animal models) on understanding the pathomechanisms of such diseases, and review articles, summarizing our knowledge and proposing new hypotheses in the field, are welcome. The submission of papers exploring the unexpected complexity of newly discovered changes occurring as consequences of dysfunctions or dysregulations of single genes is particularly encouraged.

Prof. Dr. Grzegorz Wegrzyn
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • cystic fibrosis
  • sickle cell disease
  • duchenne muscular dystrophy
  • inherited monogenic disease
  • molecular mechanisms

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

15 pages, 938 KiB  
Review
A New Frontier in Cystic Fibrosis Pathophysiology: How and When Clock Genes Can Affect the Inflammatory/Immune Response in a Genetic Disease Model
by Annalucia Carbone, Pamela Vitullo, Sante Di Gioia, Stefano Castellani and Massimo Conese
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(9), 10396-10410; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46090618 - 18 Sep 2024
Viewed by 2604
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic syndrome caused by variants in the CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene, affecting various organ and systems, in particular the lung, pancreas, sweat glands, liver, gastrointestinal tract, vas deferens, and vascular system. While for some [...] Read more.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic syndrome caused by variants in the CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene, affecting various organ and systems, in particular the lung, pancreas, sweat glands, liver, gastrointestinal tract, vas deferens, and vascular system. While for some organs, e.g., the pancreas, a strict genotype-phenotype occurs, others, such as the lung, display a different pathophysiologic outcome in the presence of the same mutational asset, arguing for genetic and environmental modifiers influencing severity and clinical trajectory. CFTR variants trigger a pathophysiological cascade of events responsible for chronic inflammatory responses, many aspects of which, especially related to immunity, are not ascertained yet. Although clock genes expression and function are known modulators of the innate and adaptive immunity, their involvement in CF has been only observed in relation to sleep abnormalities. The aim of this review is to present current evidence on the clock genes role in immune-inflammatory responses at the lung level. While information on this topic is known in other chronic airway diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma), CF lung disease (CFLD) is lacking in this knowledge. We will present the bidirectional effect between clock genes and inflammatory factors that could possibly be implicated in the CFLD. It must be stressed that besides sleep disturbance and its mechanisms, there are not studies directly addressing the exact nature of clock genes’ involvement in inflammation and immunity in CF, pointing out the directions of new and deepened studies in this monogenic affection. Importantly, clock genes have been found to be druggable by means of genetic tools or pharmacological agents, and this could have therapeutic implications in CFLD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Complex Molecular Mechanism of Monogenic Diseases: 3rd Edition)
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