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Crystals
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Advance in Crystalline Thin Wires
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Advance in Crystalline Thin Wires

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Inorganic Crystalline Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 June 2017) | Viewed by 57273

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Arcady Zhukov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Polymers and Advanced Matererials, University Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
2. EHU Quantum Center, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Spain and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
Interests: magnetic materials and applications; amorphous nano-crystalline and granular magnetic materials; hysteretic magnetic properties; magnetic wires; transport properties (giant magneto-impedance effect, magneto-resistance); magnetic sensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Different families of metallic wires, exhibiting outstanding magnetic and mechanical properties, such as excellent magnetic softness, Giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) effect, magnetic bistability and related fast magnetic domain walls dynamics, have attracted growing attention of researchers over the last few decades. Most attention, up to now, has been paid to unusual magnetic properties, suitable for various magnetic sensors transducers, actuators, resonators, or energy harvesters applications, to name a few. Development of various rapid quenching techniques since the 1980s has allowed the obtaining of novel metastable materials with crystalline, amorphous, nanocrystalline, granular structures with new combinations of physical properties (mechanical, magnetic, electrochemical, etc.). The physical properties of different families of wires are related, to a great extent, to their microstructures, which depend on their chemical compositions, fabrication, and processing parameters.

Consequently, the latest advances in the technology of different families of wires are the main reason for producing the current Special Issue.

We invite investigators to submit papers that discuss the development of different families of metallic wires exhibiting outstanding physical properties related to microstructure and on correlation of structure and physical properties of wires. These crystal systems include, but are not limited to, granular, nanocrystalline, microcrystalline wires on phase transformations in wires, etc.

The potential topics include, but, again, are not limited to:

  • Crystallization process in wires

  • Stress relaxation in wires

  • Granular structures and related properties

  • Phase transformations in wires. Heusler type wires

  • Nanocrystallization in wires

  • Correlation of microstructure and properties of wires

  • Defects in wires

  • Kinetics of crystallization in wires

  • Internal stresses in wires

  • Physical properties (magnetic, mechanical, etc.) and its optimization in wires

  • Wire Nanostructures

  • Composite wires and composites from wires

Prof. Dr. Arkady Zhukov
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • crystallization

  • stress relaxation

  • granular structures

  • phase transformations

  • nanocrystallites

  • defects

  • physical properties

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Published Papers (8 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 4828 KiB  
Article
Controllable Molecular Packing Motif and Overlap Type in Organic Nanomaterials for Advanced Optical Properties
by Taoyu Zou, Xiaoyan Wang, Haidong Ju, Li Zhao, Tingting Guo, Wei Wu and Hai Wang
Crystals 2018, 8(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst8010022 - 11 Jan 2018
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 7256
Abstract
The optical properties of organic materials are very sensitive to subtle structural modification, and a proper understanding of the structure-property relationship is essential to improve the performance of organic electronic devices. The phase transitions of the η-CuPc to the α-CuPc, then to the [...] Read more.
The optical properties of organic materials are very sensitive to subtle structural modification, and a proper understanding of the structure-property relationship is essential to improve the performance of organic electronic devices. The phase transitions of the η-CuPc to the α-CuPc, then to the β-CuPc were investigated using In situ X-ray diffraction and the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The five stages in the phase-transition process from low to high-temperature were observed, which consisted of (1) the η-CuPc; (2) a mixture of the η- and α-CuPc; (3) a mixture of the η-, α- and β-CuPc; (4) a mixture of the α- and β-CuPc; and (5) the β-CuPc. The vibrational and optical properties at different phase-transition stages were correlated to molecular packing motif and molecule overlap type through systematic analyses of the Fourier–transform infrared, Raman and UV-VIS spectra. Moreover, the mechanism for the morphology evolution was also discussed in detail. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Crystalline Thin Wires)
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12696 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Thin Copper Wire and Lead-Free Solder Joint Strength by Pullout Tests and Wire Surface Observation
by Naoya Tada, Takuhiro Tanaka, Takeshi Uemori and Toshiya Nakata
Crystals 2017, 7(8), 255; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst7080255 - 20 Aug 2017
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 6807
Abstract
Copper wires have been attracting much attention for Large Scale Integration (LSI) bonding because of their excellent mechanical and electrical properties, in addition to their low material cost. The ends of these wires are usually joined to pads or through-holes on a printed [...] Read more.
Copper wires have been attracting much attention for Large Scale Integration (LSI) bonding because of their excellent mechanical and electrical properties, in addition to their low material cost. The ends of these wires are usually joined to pads or through-holes on a printed circuit board, and lead-free soldering is one of the popular bonding methods. Since the deformation resistance of solder is lower than that of copper, especially in slow deformation due to creep, the strain tends to be increased in the solder and concentrated near the copper/solder joint interface. Thus, fracture frequently occurs at this interface and may influence the quality of the product. It is therefore important to evaluate the bonding strength of thin copper wire and lead-free solder. In this paper, pullout tests of thin copper wire from lead-free solder were carried out, and the pullout behavior of the wires was observed. The bonding strength was evaluated based on the actual bonded area on the copper wire surface. Finally, the strength of the thin copper wire/solder joint was summarized using the shear and tensile strengths of the copper/solder interface as well as the tensile strength of the copper wire. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Crystalline Thin Wires)
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Figure 1

1612 KiB  
Communication
Self-Assembled Microwires of Terephthalic Acid and Melamine
by Hong Wang, Arben Kojtari, Xiaohe Xu and Hai-Feng Ji
Crystals 2017, 7(8), 236; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst7080236 - 31 Jul 2017
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5765
Abstract
Self-assembled microwires of terephthalic acid (TPA) and melamine are prepared through the evaporation of water in a solution mixture of TPA and melamine. The microwires were characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectra, and cross-polarized optical microscopy [...] Read more.
Self-assembled microwires of terephthalic acid (TPA) and melamine are prepared through the evaporation of water in a solution mixture of TPA and melamine. The microwires were characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectra, and cross-polarized optical microscopy (CPOM). The TPA•M microwires showed semi-conductive properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Crystalline Thin Wires)
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Graphical abstract

9527 KiB  
Article
Fabrication of Nano-Micro Hybrid Structures by Replication and Surface Treatment of Nanowires
by Yeonho Jeong, Seunghang Shin, Hyunmin Choi, Seonjun Kim, Jihoon Kim, Sin Kwon, Kwang-Young Kim, Seung-Hyun Lee, Yoon-Gyo Jung and Young Tae Cho
Crystals 2017, 7(7), 215; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst7070215 - 11 Jul 2017
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 6403
Abstract
Nanowire structures have attracted attention in various fields, since new characteristics could be acquired in minute regions. Especially, Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) is widely used in the fabrication of nanostructures, which has many nanosized pores and well-organized nano pattern. Using AAO as a [...] Read more.
Nanowire structures have attracted attention in various fields, since new characteristics could be acquired in minute regions. Especially, Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) is widely used in the fabrication of nanostructures, which has many nanosized pores and well-organized nano pattern. Using AAO as a template for replication, nanowires with a very high aspect ratio can be fabricated. Herein, we propose a facile method to fabricate a nano-micro hybrid structure using nanowires replicated from AAO, and surface treatment. A polymer resin was coated between Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and the AAO filter, roller pressed, and UV-cured. After the removal of aluminum by using NaOH solution, the nanowires aggregated to form a micropattern. The resulting structure was subjected to various surface treatments to investigate the surface behavior and wettability. As opposed to reported data, UV-ozone treatment can enhance surface hydrophobicity because the UV energy affects the nanowire surface, thus altering the shape of the aggregated nanowires. The hydrophobicity of the surface could be further improved by octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) coating immediately after UV-ozone treatment. We thus demonstrated that the nano-micro hybrid structure could be formed in the middle of nanowire replication, and then, the shape and surface characteristics could be controlled by surface treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Crystalline Thin Wires)
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3466 KiB  
Article
Ni-Co Alloy and Multisegmented Ni/Co Nanowire Arrays Modulated in Composition: Structural Characterization and Magnetic Properties
by Miguel Méndez, Silvia González, Víctor Vega, Jose M. Teixeira, Blanca Hernando, Carlos Luna and Víctor M. Prida
Crystals 2017, 7(3), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst7030066 - 26 Feb 2017
Cited by 40 | Viewed by 7791
Abstract
Design of novel multisegmented magnetic nanowires can pave the way for the next generation of data storage media and logical devices, magnonic crystals, or in magneto-plasmonics, among other energy conversion, recovery, and storage technological applications. In this work, we present a detailed study [...] Read more.
Design of novel multisegmented magnetic nanowires can pave the way for the next generation of data storage media and logical devices, magnonic crystals, or in magneto-plasmonics, among other energy conversion, recovery, and storage technological applications. In this work, we present a detailed study on the synthesis, morphology, structural, and magnetic properties of Ni, Co, and Ni-Co alloy and multisegmented Ni/Co nanowires modulated in composition, which were grown by template-assisted electrodeposition employing nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide as patterned templates. X-ray diffraction, and scanning and high-resolution transmission electron microscopies allowed for the structural, morphological, and compositional investigations of a few micrometers long and approximately 40 nm in diameter of pure Ni and Co single elements, together with multisegmented Ni/Co and alloyed Ni-Co nanowires. The vibrating sample magnetometry technique enabled us to extract the main characteristic magnetic parameters for these samples, thereby evaluating their different anisotropic magnetic behaviors and discuss them based on their morphological and structural features. These novel functional magnetic nanomaterials can serve as potential candidates for multibit magnetic systems in ultra-high-density magnetic data storage applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Crystalline Thin Wires)
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6971 KiB  
Article
Ultrathin Nanocrystalline Magnetic Wires
by Horia Chiriac, Nicoleta Lupu, George Stoian, Gabriel Ababei, Sorin Corodeanu and Tibor-Adrian Óvári
Crystals 2017, 7(2), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst7020048 - 10 Feb 2017
Cited by 58 | Viewed by 6851
Abstract
The magnetic characteristics of FINEMET type glass-coated nanowires and submicron wires are investigated by taking into account the structural evolution induced by specific annealing all the way from a fully amorphous state to a nanocrystalline structure. The differences between the magnetic properties of [...] Read more.
The magnetic characteristics of FINEMET type glass-coated nanowires and submicron wires are investigated by taking into account the structural evolution induced by specific annealing all the way from a fully amorphous state to a nanocrystalline structure. The differences between the magnetic properties of these ultrathin wires and those of the thicker glass-coated microwires and “conventional” wires with similar structures have been emphasized and explained phenomenologically. The domain wall propagation in these novel nanowires and submicron wires, featuring a combination between an amorphous and a crystalline structure, has also been studied, given the recent interest in the preparation and investigation of new materials suitable for the development of domain wall logic applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Crystalline Thin Wires)
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Review

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2824 KiB  
Review
Technology, Preparation and Properties of the Cast Glass-Coated Magnetic Microwires
by Serghei A. Baranov, Vladimir S. Larin and Alexander V. Torcunov
Crystals 2017, 7(6), 136; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst7060136 - 29 May 2017
Cited by 102 | Viewed by 7219
Abstract
Magnetic properties of cast amorphous and nanocrystalline microwires have been reviewed considering their potential application. Microwires were produced from Co Fe Mn Cr Cu B and Si using the Taylor–Ulitovsky method. Technological aspects of the Taylor–Ulitovsky method for fabrication of glass-coated microwire with [...] Read more.
Magnetic properties of cast amorphous and nanocrystalline microwires have been reviewed considering their potential application. Microwires were produced from Co Fe Mn Cr Cu B and Si using the Taylor–Ulitovsky method. Technological aspects of the Taylor–Ulitovsky method for fabrication of glass-coated microwire with different structure are analyzed. Magnetic microwires demonstrate a large variety of magnetic behaviors, which is important for sensing applications. Depending on the chemical composition of the metallic core, for Co-, Fe- and Ni-based composition, the microwires’ properties are very different. The geometrical characteristics (diameter of metallic core and thickness of the glass) of the microwire depend on the physical properties of a metallic composition and of glass and the parameters of the heating inductor and the speed of obtaining a microwire. The diameter of metallic core in these microwires can range from 0.5 to 70 μm, and their thickness of the glass can vary from 1 to 50 μm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Crystalline Thin Wires)
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11560 KiB  
Review
Correlation of Crystalline Structure with Magnetic and Transport Properties of Glass-Coated Microwires
by Arcady Zhukov, Mihail Ipatov, Ahmed Talaat, Juan Maria Blanco, Blanca Hernando, Lorena Gonzalez-Legarreta, Joan Josep Suñol and Valentina Zhukova
Crystals 2017, 7(2), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst7020041 - 8 Feb 2017
Cited by 68 | Viewed by 8047
Abstract
We overviewed the correlation between the structure, magnetic and transport properties of magnetic microwires prepared by the Taylor-Ulitovsky method involving rapid quenching from the melt and drawing of the composite (metallic core, glass coated) wire. We showed that this method can be useful [...] Read more.
We overviewed the correlation between the structure, magnetic and transport properties of magnetic microwires prepared by the Taylor-Ulitovsky method involving rapid quenching from the melt and drawing of the composite (metallic core, glass coated) wire. We showed that this method can be useful for the preparation of different families of magnetic microwires: soft magnetic microwires displaying Giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) effect, semi-hard magnetic microwires, microwires with granular structure exhibiting Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) effect and Heusler-type microwires. Magnetic and transport properties of magnetic microwires depend on the chemical composition of metallic nucleus and on the structural features (grain size, precipitating phases) of prepared microwires. In all families of crystalline microwires, their structure, magnetic and transport properties are affected by internal stresses induced by the glass coating, depending on the quenching rate. Therefore, properties of glass-coated microwires are considerably different from conventional bulk crystalline alloys. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Crystalline Thin Wires)
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