Journal Description
Current Oncology
Current Oncology
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal published online by MDPI (from Volume 28 Issue 1-2021). Established in 1994, the journal represents a multidisciplinary medium for clinical oncologists to report and review progress in the management of this disease. The Canadian Association of Medical Oncologists (CAMO), the Canadian Association of Psychosocial Oncology (CAPO), the Canadian Association of General Practitioners in Oncology (CAGPO), the Cell Therapy Transplant Canada (CTTC), the Canadian Leukemia Study Group (CLSG) and others are affiliated with the journal and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, MEDLINE, PMC, Embase, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Oncology)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 19.8 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.4 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2024).
- Recognition of Reviewers: APC discount vouchers, optional signed peer review, and reviewer names published annually in the journal.
Impact Factor:
2.8 (2023);
5-Year Impact Factor:
2.9 (2023)
Latest Articles
Treatment Patterns of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor (pNET) Patients at Two Canadian Cancer Centres
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020086 (registering DOI) - 3 Feb 2025
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) are rare but increasingly prevalent malignancies with varied prognoses and a diverse range of treatment options, including surgery, somatostatin analogues (SSAs), chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). This retrospective cohort study analyzed treatment patterns among 189
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Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) are rare but increasingly prevalent malignancies with varied prognoses and a diverse range of treatment options, including surgery, somatostatin analogues (SSAs), chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). This retrospective cohort study analyzed treatment patterns among 189 pNET patients treated between January 2010 and June 2021 at two Canadian cancer centres: the Verspeeten Family Cancer Centre (VFCC), which offers PRRT, and the Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre (TOHCC), which does not at the time of the study. Data on demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatment modalities were collected, and statistical analyses were conducted using chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, and the Kruskal–Wallis test. Among eligible patients, 53% presented with stage IV disease. Surgical resection was the most common treatment, followed by SSAs, chemotherapy, PRRT, and targeted therapy. Stage IV patients at VFCC were significantly more likely to receive PRRT (60%) compared to TOHCC (6%) and underwent more PRRT cycles, with a higher prevalence of well-differentiated tumors observed at VFCC. With these differences it was clear that the non-PRRT centre was unable to provide patients with the same level of PRRT access during the study period compared to patients seen at the PRRT site. The findings underscore the critical role of PRRT availability in influencing treatment patterns and highlight the need for equitable access to specialized therapies across Canada to optimize outcomes for pNET patients.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gastrointestinal Cancers in Eastern Canada)
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Concurrent Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Radiation in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer: Impact on Locoregional Recurrence Rates
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Natalie Grindrod, Matthew Cecchini and Muriel Brackstone
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020085 (registering DOI) - 1 Feb 2025
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (NCRT) is an underutilized treatment in breast cancer but may improve outcomes by impacting the tumor immune microenvironment. The aim of this study was to evaluate NCRT’s impact on recurrence and the role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in treatment response.
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Neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (NCRT) is an underutilized treatment in breast cancer but may improve outcomes by impacting the tumor immune microenvironment. The aim of this study was to evaluate NCRT’s impact on recurrence and the role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in treatment response. We hypothesized that NCRT reduces recurrence by upregulating TILs. Patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) were treated with NCRT. Stage IIB to III patients with any molecular subtypes were eligible. The patients were matched for age, stage, and molecular subtype by a propensity score to a concurrent cohort receiving standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) followed by adjuvant radiation. The objective of this study was to assess the patients in terms of the pathological complete response (pCR), TIL counts prior to and following treatment, and locoregional recurrence. The median follow-up was 7.2 years. Thirty NCRT patients were successfully matched 1:3 to ninety NCT patients. The NCRT cohort had no regional and locoregional recurrences (p = 0.036, (hazard ratio) HR [0.25], 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.06–0.94] and p = 0.013, HR [0.25], 95% CI [0.08–0.76], respectively), compared to 17.8% of the NCT cohort. The NCRT group had significantly more pCRs, and TILs were increased in the post-treatment pCR specimens. NCRT can improve outcomes in LABC patients, with a higher pCR and significantly lower locoregional recurrence/higher recurrence-free survival. Further trials are needed to evaluate the role of NCRT in all breast cancer patients.
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(This article belongs to the Section Breast Cancer)
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The Healthcare Professionals’ and Patient Advocates’ Perspectives on the Care for Children with Cancer in Europe—A Report from the ESCALIER Project
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Maria Otth, Marko Ocokoljic, Theodora Armenkova, Irina Ban, Samira Essiaf, Maximilian Hopfgartner, Lejla Kameric, Pamela R. Kearns, Georgia Kokkinou, Carmelo Rizzari, Carina Schneider and Katrin Scheinemann
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 84; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020084 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2025
Abstract
Cancer in children and adolescents is rare. Therefore, experienced multidisciplinary teams of health care professionals and input from patient advocates are needed. Within the ESCALIER project, we present the current situation of care for children and adolescents with cancer in Europe from the
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Cancer in children and adolescents is rare. Therefore, experienced multidisciplinary teams of health care professionals and input from patient advocates are needed. Within the ESCALIER project, we present the current situation of care for children and adolescents with cancer in Europe from the perspective of these stakeholders and highlight the topics relevant for them. A survey developed by representatives from the European Society for Paediatric Oncology (SIOPE) and Childhood Cancer International-Europe (CCI-E) was sent to European paediatric oncologists and patient organizations. We analysed all six questions related to general aspects of care and ten questions especially relevant for SIOPE or CCI-E using descriptive statistics. In total, 159 paediatric oncologists from 35 European countries and 41 CCI-E member organizations from 30 countries replied. Six of the ten questions selected by SIOPE and CCI-E representatives were identical and covered topics from diagnosis to end of treatment and follow-up care. This highlights the alignment of topics relevant for both stakeholders. However, the answers provided by SIOPE and CCI-E respondents to the same questions differed to varying degrees, and answers also differed between respondents from the same country. The differences in the answers provided to our survey highlight the need to raise awareness, improve knowledge, and strengthen communication between different stakeholders, organisations, patients, and families. The stakeholders’ different experiences and knowledge must be considered, and can thus strengthen common goals to provide the best possible care to children and adolescents with cancer in Europe.
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(This article belongs to the Section Childhood, Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology)
Open AccessReview
Evaluating the Role of Robotic Surgery Gastric Cancer Treatment: A Comprehensive Review by the Robotic Global Surgical Society (TROGSS) and European Federation International Society for Digestive Surgery (EFISDS) Joint Working Group
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Luigi Marano, Tomasz Cwalinski, Sergii Girnyi, Jaroslaw Skokowski, Aman Goyal, Silvia Malerba, Francesco Paolo Prete, Piotr Mocarski, Magdalena Kamila Kania, Maciej Świerblewski, Marek Strzemski, Luis Osvaldo Suárez-Carreón, Johnn Henry Herrera Kok, Karol Polom, Witold Kycler, Valentin Calu, Pasquale Talento, Antonio Brillantino, Francesco Antonio Ciarleglio, Luigi Brusciano, Nicola Cillara, Ruslan Duka, Beniamino Pascotto, Juan Santiago Azagra, Natale Calomino, Mario Testini, Adel Abou-Mrad, Rodolfo J. Oviedo and Yogesh Vashistadd
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Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020083 - 31 Jan 2025
Abstract
Introduction: Robot-assisted minimally invasive gastrectomy (RAMIG) represents a significant advancement in the surgical management of gastric cancer, offering superior dexterity, enhanced visualization, and improved ergonomics compared to laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG). This review systematically evaluates the current evidence on perioperative outcomes, oncological efficacy, learning
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Introduction: Robot-assisted minimally invasive gastrectomy (RAMIG) represents a significant advancement in the surgical management of gastric cancer, offering superior dexterity, enhanced visualization, and improved ergonomics compared to laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG). This review systematically evaluates the current evidence on perioperative outcomes, oncological efficacy, learning curves, and economic considerations, providing insights into RAMIG’s potential role in modern gastric cancer surgery. Methods: A thorough analysis of retrospective, prospective, and meta-analytic studies was conducted to compare RAMIG with LG. Key outcomes, including operative time, intraoperative blood loss, lymph node retrieval, postoperative complications, learning curve duration, and cost-effectiveness, were assessed. Emphasis was placed on both short-term and long-term oncological outcomes to determine the clinical value of RAMIG. Results: Evidence indicates that RAMIG is associated with reduced intraoperative blood loss, lower morbidity rates, and a shorter learning curve, with proficiency achieved after 11–25 cases compared to 40–60 cases for LG. The robotic platform’s articulated instruments and enhanced three-dimensional visualization enable more precise lymphadenectomy, particularly in complex anatomical regions. Despite these advantages, operative time remains longer, and costs remain higher due to system acquisition, maintenance, and consumable expenses. However, emerging data suggest a gradual narrowing of cost disparities. While short-term outcomes are favorable, further high-quality, multicenter studies are needed to validate long-term oncological efficacy and survival outcomes. Conclusion: RAMIG offers significant technical and clinical advantages over conventional LG, particularly in terms of precision and learning efficiency. However, the long-term oncological benefits and economic feasibility require further validation. Future research should focus on cost optimization, advanced technological integration such as near-infrared fluorescence and artificial intelligence, and multicenter trials to solidify RAMIG’s role as a standard approach for gastric cancer surgery.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 30th Anniversary of Current Oncology: Perspectives in Clinical Oncology Practice)
Open AccessReview
Advancements in Locoregional Therapies for Unresectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
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Conor D. J. O’Donnell, Umair Majeed, Michael S. Rutenberg, Kristopher P. Croome, Katherine E. Poruk, Beau Toskich and Zhaohui Jin
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 82; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020082 - 31 Jan 2025
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is an aggressive malignancy with rising incidence and poor outcomes. This review examines recent advancements in locoregional therapies for unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, focusing on external beam radiotherapy, transarterial radioembolization (TARE), hepatic artery infusion pump (HAIP) chemotherapy, and liver transplantation. Stereotactic body
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Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is an aggressive malignancy with rising incidence and poor outcomes. This review examines recent advancements in locoregional therapies for unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, focusing on external beam radiotherapy, transarterial radioembolization (TARE), hepatic artery infusion pump (HAIP) chemotherapy, and liver transplantation. Stereotactic body radiation therapy and proton beam therapy have shown promise in achieving local control and improving survival. TARE, with personalized dosimetry, has demonstrated encouraging results in select patient populations. HAIP chemotherapy, primarily studied using floxuridine, has yielded impressive survival outcomes in phase II trials. Liver transplantation, once contraindicated, is now being reconsidered for carefully selected patients with localized disease. While these locoregional approaches show potential, randomized controlled trials comparing them to standard systemic therapy are lacking. Patient selection remains crucial, with factors such as liver function, tumor burden, and molecular profile influencing treatment decisions. Ongoing research aims to optimize treatment sequencing, explore combination strategies with systemic therapies, and refine phenotype identification and patient selection criteria. As the landscape of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma management evolves, a multidisciplinary approach is essential to tailor treatment strategies and improve outcomes for patients with this challenging disease.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biliary Tract Cancer Updates: Advancements and Insights)
Open AccessCase Report
A Dramatic Clinical Response to Trastuzumab-Deruxtecan in a Patient with HER-2 Low Breast Cancer with Untreated Leptomeningeal Metastasis and Hydrocephalus
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Sarah Hussain, Robert Nordal, Danny Ng, Morgan Willson and Xiaolan Feng
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020081 - 31 Jan 2025
Abstract
Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a rare and challenging manifestation of advanced breast cancer (ABC) with severe morbidity and mortality. Patients with LM may be asymptomatic, or present with non-specific neurologic deficits, thereby possibly delaying diagnosis. Treatment typically requires a multimodal approach for effective
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Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a rare and challenging manifestation of advanced breast cancer (ABC) with severe morbidity and mortality. Patients with LM may be asymptomatic, or present with non-specific neurologic deficits, thereby possibly delaying diagnosis. Treatment typically requires a multimodal approach for effective management, symptom relief, and quality-of-life improvement. Trastuzumab-deruxtecan (T-DXd), a humanized monoclonal antibody drug conjugate, demonstrated efficacy across diverse breast cancer subtypes expressing variable levels of HER2 proteins. Currently, T-DXd is the standard of care for patients with advanced, pretreated, HER2 low breast cancer. There is limited evidence of the response of brain metastases (BM) and leptomeningeal metastases (LM) to T-DXd in HER2-low patients, with most data extrapolated from HER2-positive breast cancer studies. This case report presents the first documented instance of a patient with debilitating, symptomatic, untreated LM and hydrocephalus demonstrating a rapid and dramatic clinical response to T-DXd. This finding holds crucial clinical relevance, highlighting the potential benefit of initiating effective systemic therapy for LM early in treatment to address both central nervous system (CNS) and non-CNS disease burden, rather than delaying systemic therapy until after radiation therapy.
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(This article belongs to the Section Breast Cancer)
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Molecular Tumor Board-Guided Targeted Treatments for Biliary Tract Cancers in a Publicly Funded Healthcare System
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Felix E. G. Beaudry, Zhihao Li, Ayelet Borgida, Anudari Zorigtbaatar, Xin Wang, Maggie Hildebrand, Oumaima Hamza, Gun Ho Jang, Roxana Bucur, Anna Dodd, Julie Wilson, Rebecca C. Auer, Samuel Saibil, Erica S. Tsang, Arndt Vogel, Grainne M. O’Kane, Steven Gallinger, Jennifer J. Knox, Faiyaz Notta, Gonzalo Sapisochin and Robert C. Grantadd
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Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 80; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020080 - 31 Jan 2025
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Comprehensive molecular profiling can identify alterations in biliary tract cancer (BTC) potentially treatable with targeted therapies. However, the impact of whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing (WGTS) on therapeutic decision-making in a public healthcare system is unknown. Here, BTC patients prospectively received WGTS to inform
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Comprehensive molecular profiling can identify alterations in biliary tract cancer (BTC) potentially treatable with targeted therapies. However, the impact of whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing (WGTS) on therapeutic decision-making in a public healthcare system is unknown. Here, BTC patients prospectively received WGTS to inform clinical care at a large Canadian academic cancer center. We characterized the proportion of targetable alterations, the treatment recommendations generated by a molecular tumor board, targeted therapies received, patient outcomes, and the financing of these treatments. A total of 55 patients with BTC prospectively underwent WGTS to inform clinical care. Of those 55, 28 (51%, 95% CI 38–64%) harbored targetable alterations. Molecular tumor boards recommended consideration of targeted therapies for 43 (78% CI: 66–87%) of 55 cases. Among the 15 patients who progressed to second-line therapy and harbored targetable alterations, 8 received nine targeted therapies. No targeted therapies were funded through the public system, and most therapies were funded through compassionate access programs from companies. These results highlight the challenges and potential for inequities when implementing precision oncology in a publicly funded healthcare system.
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Tumor-Associated Extracellular Matrix Obstacles for CAR-T Cell Therapy: Approaches to Overcoming
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Ilya Klabukov, Alexander E. Kabakov, Anna Yakimova, Denis Baranovskii, Dmitry Sosin, Dmitry Atiakshin, Michael Ignatyuk, Elena Yatsenko, Victoria Rybachuk, Ekaterina Evstratova, Daria Eygel, Dmitry Kudlay, Vasiliy Stepanenko, Peter Shegay and Andrey D. Kaprin
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020079 - 30 Jan 2025
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy yields good results in the treatment of various hematologic malignancies. However, the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy against solid tumors has proven to be limited, primarily because the tumor-associated extracellular matrix (ECM) creates an intractable barrier for
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Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy yields good results in the treatment of various hematologic malignancies. However, the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy against solid tumors has proven to be limited, primarily because the tumor-associated extracellular matrix (ECM) creates an intractable barrier for the cytotoxic CAR-T cells that are supposed to kill cancer cells. This review unravels the multifaceted role of the tumor-associated ECM in impeding CAR-T cell infiltration, survival, and functions within solid tumors. We analyze the situations when intratumoral ECM limits the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy by being a purely physical barrier that complicates lymphocyte penetration/migration and also acts as an immunosuppressive factor that impairs the antitumor activities of CAR-T cells. In addition, we highlight promising approaches such as engineering CAR-T cells with improved capabilities to penetrate and migrate into/through the intratumoral ECM, combination therapies aimed at attenuating the high density and immunosuppressive potential of the intratumoral ECM, and others that enable overcoming ECM-related obstacles. A detailed overview of the data of relevant studies not only helps to better understand the interactions between CAR-T cells and the intratumoral ECM but also outlines potential ways to more effectively use CAR-T cell therapy against solid tumors.
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(This article belongs to the Section Cell Therapy)
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Optimizing Adherence to Oral Anticancer Agents: Results from an Implementation Mapping Study
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Benyam Muluneh, Maurlia Upchurch, Emily Mackler, Ashley Leak Bryant, William A. Wood, Stephanie B. Wheeler, Leah L. Zullig and Jennifer Elston Lafata
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 78; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020078 - 29 Jan 2025
Abstract
Clinical trials inform cancer care, yet real-world outcomes often diverge due to patient-related factors, like age, organ dysfunction, and nonadherence to oral anticancer agents (OAAs). While oncology organizations emphasize patient support programs, practical guidance on designing and implementing these programs is limited. We
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Clinical trials inform cancer care, yet real-world outcomes often diverge due to patient-related factors, like age, organ dysfunction, and nonadherence to oral anticancer agents (OAAs). While oncology organizations emphasize patient support programs, practical guidance on designing and implementing these programs is limited. We conducted a two-phase, mixed-methods study to enhance the adoption, implementation, and sustainability of an OAA adherence program (OAP). In phase 1, we used implementation mapping (IM) with a multidisciplinary expert panel to develop six strategies: (1) memorandum of understanding (MOU), (2) data-driven presentation, (3) standard operating procedures (SOPs), (4) motivational interviewing (MI) training, (5) electronic health record (EHR) templates, and (6) key performance indicators (KPIs). In phase 2, oncology professionals (n = 34) completed surveys, and a subset (n = 10) participated in interviews to assess feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness. EHR templates and SOPs were rated as the most feasible and acceptable strategies, while MI training and formal agreements received moderate ratings. Interviews highlighted the importance of leadership buy-in, incremental implementation, and clear documentation. Participants valued KPIs for tracking adherence and outcomes but noted resource constraints and staff workload as challenges. Using IM, we co-developed strategies to activate OAA adherence-focused clinical programs. Tools standardizing care, like EHR templates and SOPs, were highly endorsed. Future work will test these strategies in a hybrid trial to improve real-world oncology outcomes.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 30th Anniversary of Current Oncology: Perspectives in Clinical Oncology Practice)
Open AccessReview
Physical Activity and Depression in Breast Cancer Patients: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential
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Anlong Li, Xinyi Zheng, Dajie Liu, Runze Huang, Han Ge, Ling Cheng, Mingjun Zhang and Huaidong Cheng
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020077 - 29 Jan 2025
Abstract
Breast cancer is a significant traumatic experience that often leads to chronic stress and mental health challenges. Research has consistently shown that physical activity—especially exercise—can alleviate depressive symptoms; however, the specific biological mechanisms underlying these antidepressant effects remain unclear. In this review, we
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Breast cancer is a significant traumatic experience that often leads to chronic stress and mental health challenges. Research has consistently shown that physical activity—especially exercise—can alleviate depressive symptoms; however, the specific biological mechanisms underlying these antidepressant effects remain unclear. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the biological mechanisms of depression and the antidepressant mechanisms of physical activity and explore the biological processes through which exercise exerts its antidepressant effects in breast cancer patients. We focus on the impact of physical activity on inflammation, the endocrine system, glutamate, and other aspects, all of which play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of depression. Moreover, we discuss the heterogeneity of depression in breast cancer patients and the complex interactions between its underlying mechanisms. Additionally, we propose that a deeper understanding of these mechanisms in the breast cancer population can guide the design and implementation of exercise-based interventions that maximize the antidepressant benefits of physical activity. Finally, we summarize the current research and propose future research directions.
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(This article belongs to the Section Breast Cancer)
Open AccessReview
CyberKnife in Pediatric Oncology: A Narrative Review of Treatment Approaches and Outcomes
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Costanza M. Donati, Federica Medici, Arina A. Zamfir, Erika Galietta, Silvia Cammelli, Milly Buwenge, Riccardo Masetti, Arcangelo Prete, Lidia Strigari, Ludovica Forlani, Elisa D’Angelo and Alessio G. Morganti
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 76; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020076 - 29 Jan 2025
Abstract
Pediatric cancers, while rare, pose unique challenges due to the heightened sensitivity of developing tissues and the increased risk of long-term radiation-induced effects. Radiotherapy (RT) is a cornerstone in pediatric oncology, but its application is limited by concerns about toxicity, particularly secondary malignancies,
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Pediatric cancers, while rare, pose unique challenges due to the heightened sensitivity of developing tissues and the increased risk of long-term radiation-induced effects. Radiotherapy (RT) is a cornerstone in pediatric oncology, but its application is limited by concerns about toxicity, particularly secondary malignancies, growth abnormalities, and cognitive deficits. CyberKnife (CK), an advanced robotic radiosurgery system, has emerged as a promising alternative due to its precision, non-invasiveness, and ability to deliver hypofractionated, high-dose RT while sparing healthy tissues. This narrative review explores the existing evidence on CK application in pediatric patients, synthesizing data from case reports, small series, and larger cohort studies. All the studies analyzed reported cases of tumors located in the skull or in the head and neck region. Findings suggest CK’s potential for effective tumor control with favorable toxicity profiles, especially for complex or inoperable tumors. However, the evidence remains limited, with the majority of studies involving small sample sizes and short follow-up periods. Moreover, concerns about the “dose-bath” effect and limited long-term data on stochastic risks warrant cautious adoption. Compared to Linac-based RT and proton therapy, CK offers unique advantages in reducing session numbers and enhancing patient comfort, while its real-time tracking provides superior accuracy. Despite these advantages, CK is associated with significant limitations, including a higher potential for low-dose scatter (often referred to as the “dose-bath” effect), extended treatment times in some protocols, and high costs requiring specialized expertise for operation. Emerging modalities like π radiotherapy further underscore the need for comparative studies to identify the optimal technique for specific pediatric cases. Notably, proton therapy remains the benchmark for minimizing long-term toxicity, but its cost and availability limit its accessibility. This review emphasizes the need for balanced evaluations of CK and highlights the importance of planning prospective studies and long-term follow-ups to refine its role in pediatric oncology. A recent German initiative to establish a CK registry for pediatric CNS lesions holds significant promise for advancing evidence-based applications and optimizing treatment strategies in this vulnerable population.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates on Diagnosis and Treatment for Pediatric Solid Tumors)
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Oligometastatic NSCLC: Current Perspectives and Future Challenges
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Sara Torresan, Jacopo Costa, Carol Zanchetta, Lorenzo De Marchi, Simona Rizzato and Francesco Cortiula
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 75; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020075 - 29 Jan 2025
Abstract
Oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents a separate entity with a different biology and prognosis compared to stage IV NSCLC. Challenges range from the very definition of oligometastatic disease to the timing and techniques of local treatments, and their benefit in prolonging
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Oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents a separate entity with a different biology and prognosis compared to stage IV NSCLC. Challenges range from the very definition of oligometastatic disease to the timing and techniques of local treatments, and their benefit in prolonging patient survival. Most of the international consensus and guidelines agree on the need for shared criteria, such as appropriate stadiation and even tissue biopsy if needed, in order to select patients that could really benefit from personalised strategies. Multidisciplinary evaluation is crucial in order to define if every lesion is amenable to radical local treatment, which appears to be the most important criterion across different guidelines. A distinction must be made depending on the time of oligo-disease detection, separating de novo oligometastatic disease from oligorecurrence, oligoprogression and oligoresidual disease. These separate entities imply a different biology and prognosis, and treatment strategies consequently must be tailored. Locoregional approaches are therefore often contemplated in order to ensure the best outcome for the patient. In non-oncogene-addicted disease, the advent of immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) allows physicians to take into consideration consolidative treatments, but timing, technique and subsequent systemic treatment remain open issues. In oncogene-addicted NSCLC, local treatments are nowadays preferably reserved to cases of oligoprogression, but the advent of new, more potent drugs might challenge that. In this review, we summarised the current knowledge, consensuses and data from retrospective and prospective trials, with the aim of shedding some light on the topic and emphasising the unmet clinical need.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current State of Immunotherapy for Lung Cancer: Focusing on Real-World Evidence)
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Prognostication of Brain-Metastasized Patients Receiving Subsequent Systemic Therapy: A Single-Center Long-Term Follow-Up
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Tijl Vermassen, Charlotte Van Parijs, Stijn De Keukeleire, Katrien Vandecasteele and Sylvie Rottey
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020074 - 28 Jan 2025
Abstract
Background. Survival of patients with brain metastases (BMs) is poor. It has become clear that targeted therapy has an effect on BMs and patient’ prognosis. The question remains which patients benefit from additional systemic therapy. This assumption was evaluated in a large single-center
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Background. Survival of patients with brain metastases (BMs) is poor. It has become clear that targeted therapy has an effect on BMs and patient’ prognosis. The question remains which patients benefit from additional systemic therapy. This assumption was evaluated in a large single-center cohort. Methods. Patients consecutively planned to undergo local radiotherapy for their BMs in 2006–2017 were selected (n = 200). Prognosis, using CERENAL, disease-specific graded prognostic assessment (DS-GPA), and Radiation Therapy Oncology Group recursive partitioning analysis (RTOG RPA), was evaluated. Results. Ninety-three (46.5%) patients received at least one additional line of systemic therapy subsequent to the diagnosis of their BMs. The median overall survival (OS) was 6.3 months. Having received subsequent systemic therapy resulted in a more favorable OS (10.4 versus 3.9 months). Interestingly, using dichotomized scores, CERENAL showed prognostic properties in all patients for disease-specific survival on multivariate analysis, whereas RTOG RPA and DS-GPA were not withheld in the model. Lastly, only having a favorable DS-GPA resulted in prolonged progression-free survival for first systemic therapy following BM diagnosis. Conclusions. Receiving subsequent systemic therapy has a profound influence on outcome in patients with BMs, indicating the effect of systemic therapy on BMs. Use of the CERENAL brain prognostic score shows potential for further prognostication of patients with more favorable outcomes.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 30th Anniversary of Current Oncology: Perspectives in Clinical Oncology Practice)
Open AccessArticle
Incidence and Predictors of Acute Kidney Injury Following Advanced Ovarian Cancer Cytoreduction at a Tertiary UK Centre: An Exploratory Analysis and Insights from Explainable Artificial Intelligence
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Elizabeth Ratcliffe, Ciara Devlin, Sarika Munot, Timothy Broadhead, Amudha Thangavelu, Michela Quaranta, David Nugent, Evangelos Kalampokis, Diederick De Jong and Alexandros Laios
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 73; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020073 - 28 Jan 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) following advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) surgery has not been extensively studied. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of AKI and identify preoperative and intraoperative predictors in patients undergoing advanced EOC cytoreduction using both
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Background/Objectives: The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) following advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) surgery has not been extensively studied. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of AKI and identify preoperative and intraoperative predictors in patients undergoing advanced EOC cytoreduction using both traditional statistics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) modelling. Methods: Retrospective data were collected for 134 patients with a suspected or confirmed diagnosis of advanced EOC (FIGO Stage III–IV) who underwent surgical cytoreduction between January 2021 and December 2022 at a UK tertiary referral centre. AKI was diagnosed according to the KDIGO criteria. Data on 22 patient variables were extracted, including age, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), procedure length, surgical complexity, and length of hospital stay. Logistic regression analysis was used for feature selection to identify AKI predictors, and an extreme gradient boost (XGBoost) model was applied to all variables related to AKI events. Results: The incidence of postoperative AKI was 6.72% ( ). Predictive factors for AKI included younger age (OR = 0.942, ), lower CCI (OR = 0.415, ), longer procedure duration (OR = 1.006, ), and greater surgical effort (OR = 1.427, ). Patients with perioperative AKI experienced a doubling in the length of hospital stay ( ). Mortality rates were similar between patients with and without AKI. AI-driven algorithms highlighted the complexity of AKI prediction and provided individual risk profiles, enabling future stratification and prompting different frequencies of AKI monitoring following cytoreduction. Conclusions: Predicting AKI is a complex task. This study found a lower-than-expected incidence of AKI following advanced EOC cytoreductive surgery. AKI is linked to heightened surgical risk-taking, underscoring the need for improved guidelines focusing on postoperative monitoring for targeted patients. Artificial Intelligence offers the potential for personalized AKI prediction.
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(This article belongs to the Section Gynecologic Oncology)
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Evaluating Postoperative Morbidity and Outcomes of Robotic-Assisted Esophagectomy in Esophageal Cancer Treatment—A Comprehensive Review on Behalf of TROGSS (The Robotic Global Surgical Society) and EFISDS (European Federation International Society for Digestive Surgery) Joint Working Group
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Yogesh Vashist, Aman Goyal, Preethi Shetty, Sergii Girnyi, Tomasz Cwalinski, Jaroslaw Skokowski, Silvia Malerba, Francesco Paolo Prete, Piotr Mocarski, Magdalena Kamila Kania, Maciej Świerblewski, Marek Strzemski, Luis Osvaldo Suárez-Carreón, Johnn Henry Herrera Kok, Natale Calomino, Vikas Jain, Karol Polom, Witold Kycler, Valentin Calu, Pasquale Talento, Antonio Brillantino, Francesco Antonio Ciarleglio, Luigi Brusciano, Nicola Cillara, Ruslan Duka, Beniamino Pascotto, Juan Santiago Azagra, Mario Testini, Adel Abou-Mrad, Luigi Marano and Rodolfo J. Oviedoadd
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Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020072 - 28 Jan 2025
Abstract
Background: Esophageal cancer, the seventh most common malignancy globally, requires esophagectomy for curative treatment. However, esophagectomy is associated with high postoperative morbidity and mortality, highlighting the need for minimally invasive approaches. Robotic-assisted surgery has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional open and
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Background: Esophageal cancer, the seventh most common malignancy globally, requires esophagectomy for curative treatment. However, esophagectomy is associated with high postoperative morbidity and mortality, highlighting the need for minimally invasive approaches. Robotic-assisted surgery has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional open and minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE), offering potential benefits in improving clinical and oncological outcomes. This review aims to assess the postoperative morbidity and outcomes of robotic surgery. Methods: A comprehensive review of the current literature was conducted, focusing on studies evaluating the role of robotic-assisted surgery in esophagectomy. Data were synthesized on the clinical outcomes, including postoperative complications, survival rates, and recovery time, as well as technological advancements in robotic surgery platforms. Studies comparing robotic-assisted esophagectomy with traditional approaches were analyzed to determine the potential advantages of robotic systems in improving surgical precision and patient outcomes. Results: Robotic-assisted esophagectomy (RAMIE) has shown significant improvements in clinical outcomes compared to open surgery and MIE, including reduced postoperative pain, less blood loss, and faster recovery. RAMIE offers enhanced thoracic access, with fewer complications than thoracotomy. The RACE technique has improved patient recovery and reduced morbidity. Fluorescence-guided technologies, including near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF), have proven valuable for sentinel node biopsy, lymphatic mapping, and angiography, helping identify critical structures and minimizing complications like anastomotic leakage and chylothorax. Despite these benefits, challenges such as the high cost of robotic systems and limited long-term data hinder broader adoption. Hybrid approaches, combining robotic and open techniques, remain common in clinical practice. Conclusions: Robotic-assisted esophagectomy offers promising advantages, including enhanced precision, reduced complications, and faster recovery, but challenges related to cost, accessibility, and evidence gaps must be addressed. The hybrid approach remains a valuable option in select clinical scenarios. Continued research, including large-scale randomized controlled trials, is necessary to further establish the role of robotic surgery as the standard treatment for resectable esophageal cancer.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 30th Anniversary of Current Oncology: Perspectives in Clinical Oncology Practice)
Open AccessArticle
Comparing Perspectives on Traditional and Complementary Medicine Use in Oncology: Insights from Healthcare Professionals and Oncology Patients in Western Mexico
by
Gustavo A. Hernandez-Fuentes, Juan de D. Gómez-Bueno, Verónica M. Pérez-Santos, Imri J. Valle-Capitaine, Paula M. Villaseñor-Gonzalez, Cristopher J. Hernández-Zamorano, César G. Silva-Vázquez, Miriam de la Cruz-Ruiz, Janet Diaz-Martinez, Idalia Garza-Veloz, Iram P. Rodriguez-Sanchez, Margarita L. Martinez-Fierro, José Guzmán-Esquivel, Fabian Rojas-Larios and Ivan Delgado-Enciso
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020071 - 28 Jan 2025
Abstract
Traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM) plays a significant role in healthcare practices among healthcare professionals and oncology patients in Mexico, reflecting its cultural importance. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence, frequency, and factors associated with T&CM use in these two groups, highlighting
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Traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM) plays a significant role in healthcare practices among healthcare professionals and oncology patients in Mexico, reflecting its cultural importance. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence, frequency, and factors associated with T&CM use in these two groups, highlighting the differences in practices and perceptions. A total of 382 individuals participated, including 152 healthcare professionals and 230 oncology patients. The findings revealed that while T&CM use was similarly prevalent among healthcare professionals (85.7%) and oncology patients (90.8%), frequent use (≥2 times per week) was significantly higher among patients (46.3%) compared to healthcare professionals (19.1%, p < 0.001). Healthcare professionals showed a preference for non-conventional nutritional interventions (32.5%) and yoga (14.6%) while oncology patients favored plant-based remedies (73.6%) and the consumption of exotic animals and venoms (4.8%). Females were more likely to use T&CM across both groups, with a stronger association among healthcare professionals (AdOR 3.695, 95% CI 1.8–7.4). Oncology patients were less likely to understand T&CM concepts and were more commonly associated with lower socioeconomic status and educational attainment. These findings underscore the importance of considering cultural and demographic factors when integrating T&CM into conventional medical care, especially in regions where T&CM remains widely practiced and trusted.
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(This article belongs to the Section Palliative and Supportive Care)
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Open AccessArticle
Workforce Trends Among Canadian Medical Oncologists and Medical Oncology Trainees over Two Decades
by
Adam Fundytus, Sarah Cook, Steven M. Yip, Shaun K. Loewen and Desiree Hao
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020070 - 28 Jan 2025
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Background: Understanding oncology health human resources across Canada is critical to the delivery of quality cancer care. Little has been published about the medical oncology (MO) workforce and trainees; this study sought to characterize trends in the MO workforce and explore the relationship
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Background: Understanding oncology health human resources across Canada is critical to the delivery of quality cancer care. Little has been published about the medical oncology (MO) workforce and trainees; this study sought to characterize trends in the MO workforce and explore the relationship between medical oncologists and cancer incidence as a surrogate demand marker. Materials and Methods: Publicly available databases from the Canadian Medical Association, the Canadian Institute of Health Information, and the Canadian Post MD Education Registry were utilized to estimate the number, demographics, and regional distribution of practicing MOs and MO trainees between 1994 and 2020. Cancer incidence by province was obtained from Statistics Canada. To estimate changes in demand for, and supply of, medical oncology services over time, annual cancer incidence to MO provider ratios were calculated. Results: Between 1994 and 2020, annual cancer incidence nationally rose from 120,255 to 225,800 cases, while the number of MOs increased by 298%. Incident cancer case to medical oncologist (MO) ratio dropped from 749:1 to 352:1 in the same time. However, the MO workforce is aging; in 2020, 40% of providers were ≥50 years old versus 24% in 1994. Trends in Canadian MO trainees mirror MO trends. Ontario has the largest proportion of the country’s MOs (34% in 2020) and MO trainees (49%). Conclusions: Although the Canadian MO workforce has grown, more MO providers are nearing retirement age, which may influence future workforce trends. Ongoing monitoring of human resources in oncology is essential to ensure future demands for services are met.
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Open AccessArticle
Adaptation, Feasibility, and Acceptability of a Health Insurance Literacy Intervention for Caregivers of Pediatric Cancer Patients (CHAT-C)
by
Amy Chevrier, Perla L. Vaca Lopez, Katie Rogers, Monique Stefanou, Karely M. van Thiel Berghuijs, Douglas Fair, Elyse R. Park, Anne C. Kirchhoff and Echo L. Warner
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 69; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020069 - 28 Jan 2025
Abstract
We adapted CHAT, a four-session virtual program to help individuals affected by cancer manage insurance and medical costs for caregivers of pediatric cancer patients (called CHAT-C); we then pilot-tested CHAT-C. Eligible caregivers were ages 18+ and the primary caregiver to a pediatric cancer
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We adapted CHAT, a four-session virtual program to help individuals affected by cancer manage insurance and medical costs for caregivers of pediatric cancer patients (called CHAT-C); we then pilot-tested CHAT-C. Eligible caregivers were ages 18+ and the primary caregiver to a pediatric cancer patient (≤25 years old) diagnosed in the past five years and treated at Primary Children’s Hospital. We conducted engagement studios to adapt the program. Feedback was evaluated using a rapid qualitative analysis framework and included content preferences, navigator preferences, logistics/structure, timing of delivery, and feasibility/acceptability. A small pilot test of CHAT-C was conducted; feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy were evaluated based on enrollment rates, qualitative feedback, and baseline/follow-up surveys. Participants in the pilot (n = 14) were primarily white (93%), married (93%), female (86%), ages 40–49 (50%), and college-educated (57%). Most participants (64%) completed all four sessions of CHAT-C. Those who did not complete the sessions cited a lack of time, a child’s disease progression, and a perceived lack of benefit. Health insurance literacy (measured by nine items) improved by 10.8 points on average (SD = 6.0, range: 9–36) after CHAT-C. Caregivers of childhood cancer patients are willing to participate in a health insurance program, but some caregivers need less time-intensive options.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interventions to Prevent and Reduce Late Effects in Childhood, Adolescent, and Young Adult Cancer Survivors)
Open AccessCase Report
First Report of Pembrolizumab Activity in KIT-Mutated Thymic Carcinoma
by
Tommaso Martino De Pas, Giuseppe Giaccone, Chiara Catania, Fabio Conforti, Laura Pala, Periklis Mitsakis and Pierre-Yves Dietrich
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020068 - 27 Jan 2025
Abstract
The antitumor activity of immunotherapy is strongly influenced by the presence of driver gene mutations/translocations. For this reason, knowledge of the predictive value of specific genetic alterations in relation to anti-PD(L)1 activity is highly useful for the clinical decision making process in many
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The antitumor activity of immunotherapy is strongly influenced by the presence of driver gene mutations/translocations. For this reason, knowledge of the predictive value of specific genetic alterations in relation to anti-PD(L)1 activity is highly useful for the clinical decision making process in many solid tumors, particularly in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Although data on the correlation between genetic alterations and response to immunotherapy are available in the majority of common cancers, data are lacking in the subset of patients with KIT-mutated Thymic Carcinoma (TC). As a consequence, although immunotherapy is a standard treatment for TC patients, the lack of this knowledge leads to uncertainty when proposing immunocheckpoint inhibitors in this subset of patients. Here we describe the first report of a patient with KIT-mutated TC who received the anti-PD1 agent pembrolizumab, which caused a sustained partial response. This case report of a sustained partial response achieved with pembrolizumab in a patient with KIT-mutated TC after progression to chemotherapy and imatinib may be supportive during clinical decision making for this extremely rare disease.
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(This article belongs to the Section Thoracic Oncology)
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Patient-Reported Perception of Exercise and Receptiveness to Mobile Technology in Cancer Survivors Living in Rural and Remote Areas
by
Myriam Filion, Saunjoo L. Yoon, Becky Franks, Dea’vion Godfrey, Carina McClean, Jackson Bespalec, Erin Maslowski, Diana J. Wilkie and Anna L. Schwartz
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020067 - 27 Jan 2025
Abstract
Purpose: Cancer survivors in rural and underserved areas face barriers such as limited access to oncology exercise programs and limited facilities, contributing to health inequities in cancer survivorship. This study explored cancer survivors’ thoughts on exercise and mobile technology for exercising with a
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Purpose: Cancer survivors in rural and underserved areas face barriers such as limited access to oncology exercise programs and limited facilities, contributing to health inequities in cancer survivorship. This study explored cancer survivors’ thoughts on exercise and mobile technology for exercising with a mobile application (app) during and after treatment in rural and remote areas. Methods: Three online focus groups were conducted in February 2024 using semi-structured interviews with 12 open-ended questions. Eligible participants were adult cancer survivors or caregivers living in medically underserved areas, English-speaking, consented to being audiotaped, and attended one 60-min group interview. The discussions were transcribed verbatim and analyzed via a content analysis approach with consensus. Results: Fifteen participants attended from four States. None of the participants were advised to exercise; availability of exercise resources depended on geographic location and a cancer-specific exercise app was desired. They understood the benefits of exercise after diagnosis but expressed a need for more guidance during treatment. Geographic location shaped their activities, with most engaging in daily physical tasks rather than structured exercise. Most participants were receptive to using an exercise app to manage fatigue. Suggested key features to exercise with an app included live trainers, exercise checklists, visual benchmarks, and programs tailored to different fitness levels. Conclusions: These results emphasize the need for personalized resources, guidance, and on-demand accessibility to an exercise oncology app. A cancer-specific exercise mobile app will mitigate health inequities for cancer survivors residing in rural and remote areas.
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(This article belongs to the Section Oncology Nursing)
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