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Diagnostics
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Brain Imaging in Acute Stroke
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Brain Imaging in Acute Stroke

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2024) | Viewed by 5559

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ahmed Abou Elseoud

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Neuroradiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Interests: acute stroke

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Stroke is a medical emergency that requires a quick, but thorough clinical assessment in order to provide treatment as early as possible. With every passing minute, about 1.9 million neurons are lost, and the longer stroke continues, the greater the chance of disability and death.

According to the most recent Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019, the annual number of strokes and deaths due to stroke increased substantially from 1990 to 2019. Stroke comes as the second leading cause of death after ischemic heart disease, and as the third leading cause of death and disability combined.

Imaging in the setting of acute stroke aims at establishing a diagnosis quickly and accurately, including the assessment of cerebral vessels, as well as brain perfusion, in order to help clinicians make treatment decisions and develop clinical guidelines.

The primary goals of this Special Issue are to emphasize the role of neuroimaging in the diagnosis of acute stroke, describe the state of the art in imaging of acute stroke and review imaging modalities used to assess acute stroke.

Dr. Ahmed Abou Elseoud
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • stroke
  • neuroimaging
  • cerebral vessels
  • brain perfusion

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 2522 KiB  
Article
Magnetic Resonance Perfusion-Weighted Imaging in Predicting Hemorrhagic Transformation of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Retrospective Study
by Ming Li, Yifan Lv, Mingming Wang, Yaying Zhang, Zilai Pan, Yu Luo, Haili Zhang and Jing Wang
Diagnostics 2023, 13(22), 3404; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13223404 - 8 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1560
Abstract
Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is one of the common complications in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This study aims to investigate the value of different thresholds of Tmax generated from perfusion-weighted MR imaging (PWI) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value in the [...] Read more.
Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is one of the common complications in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This study aims to investigate the value of different thresholds of Tmax generated from perfusion-weighted MR imaging (PWI) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value in the prediction of HT in AIS. A total of 156 AIS patients were enrolled in this study, with 55 patients in the HT group and 101 patients in non-HT group. The clinical baseline data and multi-parametric MRI findings were compared between HT and non-HT groups to identify indicators related to HT. The optimal parameters for predicting HT and the corresponding cutoff values were obtained using the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the volumes of ADC < 620 × 10−6 mm2/s and Tmax > 6 s, 8 s, and 10 s. The results showed that the volumes of ADC < 620 × 10−6 mm2/s and Tmax > 6 s, 8 s, and 10 s in the HT group were all significantly larger than that in the non-HT group and were all independent risk factors for HT. Early measurement of the volume of Tmax > 10 s had the highest value, with a cutoff lesion volume of 10.5 mL. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Brain Imaging in Acute Stroke)
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10 pages, 928 KiB  
Article
Intracranial Hemorrhage in Hospitalized Patients Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Large Cohort Analysis from a Single Center
by Cheng Yang, Yong-Gang Sui, Bin-Cheng Wang, Yan-Lu Xu, Na-Qiong Wu, Yong-Jian Wu, Jian-Jun Li and Jie Qian
Diagnostics 2023, 13(14), 2422; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13142422 - 20 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1261
Abstract
Background: There are several reports on the prevalence and characteristics of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), which is a rare but severe complication with high mortality. However, the clinical landscapes of computed tomography (CT)-confirmed, symptomatic ICH in hospitalized patients are [...] Read more.
Background: There are several reports on the prevalence and characteristics of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), which is a rare but severe complication with high mortality. However, the clinical landscapes of computed tomography (CT)-confirmed, symptomatic ICH in hospitalized patients are not fully characterized. Methods: Among 121,066 patients receiving PCI treatment in the Fu Wai Hospital between 2013 and 2022, there were 18 CT-defined, symptomatic patients with ICH occurring during post-PCI hospitalization. Symptomatic ICH was defined as clinical suspicion of hemorrhage and/or new focal neurological signs. We analyzed ICH timing, clinical and imaging features, and subsequent outcomes. Results: Overall, in this retrospective analysis, the incidence of CT-defined, symptomatic ICH was 0.015% (18/121,066). More than half of the cases (55.6%) occurred within the first 12 h following PCI. The most common initial manifestation of ICH patients was disturbance of consciousness. Thirteen patients (72.2%) had a hematoma volume ≥ 30 cm3. Additionally, the ICH was observed in the cerebral lobe (66.7%), cerebellum (22.2%), and the basal ganglia and thalamus (11.1%). The 90-day mortality of ICH patients undergoing PCI was very high (72.2%). Consciousness disturbance (p = 0.036), intracerebral hemorrhage volume > 30 mm3 (p = 0.001), and intracerebral hemorrhage originating from the infratentorial origin (p = 0.044) were significantly higher in patients who died. Conclusions: Symptomatic ICH events occur with a rate of around 0.015%, with significantly higher short-term mortality risk in our cohort receiving PCI, which has not yet been demonstrated in other cohorts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Brain Imaging in Acute Stroke)
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Review

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25 pages, 1302 KiB  
Review
Taxonomy of Acute Stroke: Imaging, Processing, and Treatment
by Wieslaw L. Nowinski
Diagnostics 2024, 14(10), 1057; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14101057 - 19 May 2024
Viewed by 2134
Abstract
Stroke management employs a variety of diagnostic imaging modalities, image processing and analysis methods, and treatment procedures. This work categorizes methods for stroke imaging, image processing and analysis, and treatment, and provides their taxonomies illustrated by a state-of-the-art review. Imaging plays a critical [...] Read more.
Stroke management employs a variety of diagnostic imaging modalities, image processing and analysis methods, and treatment procedures. This work categorizes methods for stroke imaging, image processing and analysis, and treatment, and provides their taxonomies illustrated by a state-of-the-art review. Imaging plays a critical role in stroke management, and the most frequently employed modalities are computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR). CT includes unenhanced non-contrast CT as the first-line diagnosis, CT angiography, and CT perfusion. MR is the most complete method to examine stroke patients. MR angiography is useful to evaluate the severity of artery stenosis, vascular occlusion, and collateral flow. Diffusion-weighted imaging is the gold standard for evaluating ischemia. MR perfusion-weighted imaging assesses the penumbra. The stroke image processing methods are divided into non-atlas/template-based and atlas/template-based. The non-atlas/template-based methods are subdivided into intensity and contrast transformations, local segmentation-related, anatomy-guided, global density-guided, and artificial intelligence/deep learning-based. The atlas/template-based methods are subdivided into intensity templates and atlases with three atlas types: anatomy atlases, vascular atlases, and lesion-derived atlases. The treatment procedures for arterial and venous strokes include intravenous and intraarterial thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy. This work captures the state-of-the-art in stroke management summarized in the form of comprehensive and straightforward taxonomy diagrams. All three introduced taxonomies in diagnostic imaging, image processing and analysis, and treatment are widely illustrated and compared against other state-of-the-art classifications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Brain Imaging in Acute Stroke)
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