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Diagnostics
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Advances in Human Anatomy
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Advances in Human Anatomy

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 7698

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ji-Hyun Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Anatomy and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
Interests: human anatomy; clinical anatomy; neuroanatomy; aesthetic anatomy; rehabilitation anatomy; botulinum toxin injection

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The quest to overcome illness has long been driven by the collaborative efforts of medical experts, with anatomy being a field vital for accurately diagnosing diseases. As medical technology has advanced, so too has the study of anatomy, maintaining its relevance and importance.

This Special Issue aims to survey the growth of anatomical science as it keeps pace with the latest medical technologies. It will spotlight the importance of anatomy in modern diagnostic methods while tracing its development through historical milestones and contemporary research strategies.

We intend to initiate a dialogue about the newest anatomical research methods, emphasizing how these developments contribute to our diagnostic capabilities. We’ll also revisit the historical trajectory of anatomical knowledge and how it continues to inform current medical practice.

By bridging anatomy with modern medical technology, this issue seeks to not only recount the progress made but also to anticipate the future paths of anatomical research. The goal is to present viewpoints that underline anatomy’s critical role in enhancing diagnostic precision and, by extension, improving patient outcomes.

Dr. Ji-Hyun Lee
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • advanced anatomy
  • anatomical development
  • anatomy for diagnostic methods
  • anatomy and medical technology
  • anatomical research innovation
  • anatomical history

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2152 KiB  
Article
Morphological Analysis of the Anatomical Mandibular Lingual Concavity Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans in East Asian Population—A Retrospective Study
by Hee-Ju Ahn, Soo-Hwan Byun, Sung-Ah Che, Sang-Yoon Park, Sang-Min Yi, In-Young Park, Sung-Woon On and Byoung-Eun Yang
Diagnostics 2024, 14(16), 1792; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14161792 - 16 Aug 2024
Viewed by 741
Abstract
The rising demand for dental implants necessitates addressing anatomical challenges, particularly the shape of the mandible. Incorrectly angling implants can cause lingual perforations, risking damage to the inferior alveolar artery and nerve. This study analyzed 96 cone-beam computed tomography images from individuals aged [...] Read more.
The rising demand for dental implants necessitates addressing anatomical challenges, particularly the shape of the mandible. Incorrectly angling implants can cause lingual perforations, risking damage to the inferior alveolar artery and nerve. This study analyzed 96 cone-beam computed tomography images from individuals aged 20 to 70 (8 males and 8 females) to evaluate mandibular anatomy in four areas: left and right sides and the first and second molars. Mandibular shapes were classified into U, C, and P types. U-shaped mandibles, with a wider crest width, pose the highest risk of lingual perforation. Measurements for U-shaped types included concavity angle, length, and depth. Statistical analyses (T-tests and ANOVA) with a 95% confidence interval showed no significant differences between the left and right sides. However, significant differences based on gender, age, and tooth type were found. The study found U-shapes in 34.6% of cases, P-shapes in 28.9%, and C-shapes in 36.5%, with U-shapes more common in second molars. Understanding these variations enhances the safety and effectiveness of implant procedures and oral surgeries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Human Anatomy)
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11 pages, 5016 KiB  
Article
Territories of Nerve Endings of the Medial Plantar Nerve within the Abductor Hallucis Muscle: Clinical Implications for Potential Pain Management
by You-Jin Choi, Timm Joachim Filler, Michael Wolf-Vollenbröker, Ji-Hyun Lee and Hyung-Jin Lee
Diagnostics 2024, 14(16), 1716; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14161716 - 7 Aug 2024
Viewed by 904
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the intramuscular distribution pattern of the medial plantar nerve and determine its motor nerve ending territories within the abductor hallucis muscle using modified Sihler’s staining and external anatomical landmarks. The study included 40 specimens of the abductor hallucis [...] Read more.
This study aimed to elucidate the intramuscular distribution pattern of the medial plantar nerve and determine its motor nerve ending territories within the abductor hallucis muscle using modified Sihler’s staining and external anatomical landmarks. The study included 40 specimens of the abductor hallucis muscle (13 men and seven women) from formalin-fixed (ten cadavers) and fresh cadavers (ten cadavers), with a mean age of 77.6 years. The entry point of the medial plantar nerve into the muscle was examined, followed by Sihler’s staining to analyze the intramuscular distribution pattern and motor nerve ending location within the abductor hallucis muscle. Ultrasound- and palpation-guided injections were performed to verify the applicability of motor nerve ending location-based injections. The areas with the highest concentrations of nerve entry points and nerve endings were identified in the central portion of the muscle. Ultrasound- and palpation-guided injections were safely positioned near the densest nerve ending region of the muscle. These detailed anatomical data and injection methods would be beneficial for proceeding with safe and effective injection treatments using various analgesic agents to alleviate abductor hallucis muscle-associated pain disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Human Anatomy)
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17 pages, 1320 KiB  
Article
The Importance of Topographical Recognition of Pulmonary Arteries in Diagnostics and Treatment of CTEPH, Based on an Analysis of a Dissected Case Model—A Pilot Study
by Matiss Zicans, Dzintra Kazoka, Mara Pilmane and Andris Skride
Diagnostics 2024, 14(15), 1684; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14151684 - 3 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1037
Abstract
Background: Knowledge of the anatomy of pulmonary arteries is essential in many invasive procedures concerning pulmonary circulation. In the diagnosis and treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), two-dimensional (2D) pulmonary angiography is used. Recognizing the topographic course of the pulmonary arteries and [...] Read more.
Background: Knowledge of the anatomy of pulmonary arteries is essential in many invasive procedures concerning pulmonary circulation. In the diagnosis and treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), two-dimensional (2D) pulmonary angiography is used. Recognizing the topographic course of the pulmonary arteries and understanding the status in three dimensions (3D) is paramount. This study aimed to evaluate and describe the branching variant of pulmonary arteries in a single case, as well as morphological parameters of the segmental arteries, like length, diameter and branching angles. Methods: One pair of embalmed human cadaver lungs was dissected by a scalpel and surgical forceps and was measured up to the subsegmental arteries. Results: The diameters (ranging from 3.04 to 9.29 mm) and lengths (ranging from 9.09 to 53.91 mm) of the pulmonary segmental arteries varied. The proximal branching angles were wide and close to perpendicular, while distally, the angles between the segmental and subsegmental arteries were narrower (30–45°). Upon evaluating the branching, rare variations were identified and delineated, notably in the lower lobes of both lungs. Conclusions: Utilizing knowledge and data in clinical settings is instrumental for effectively diagnosing and treating CTEPH. Further research is required to explore the complications in invasive procedures related to various anatomical variations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Human Anatomy)
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10 pages, 1713 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the forAge Age-at-Death Estimation Program Using Pubic Symphyseal Surface in a Korean Population
by Hyun Jin Park, Sehyun Song, Eun Jin Woo and Kyung-Seok Hu
Diagnostics 2024, 14(8), 793; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14080793 - 10 Apr 2024
Viewed by 907
Abstract
The forAge program estimates the age-at-death of human pubic symphysis using 3-dimensional scans. It was developed by Dennis E. Slice and Bridget F. B. Algee-Hewitt, and utilizes three distinct scores: the Slice and Algee-Hewitt (SAH) score, bending energy (BE), and ventral curvature (VC). [...] Read more.
The forAge program estimates the age-at-death of human pubic symphysis using 3-dimensional scans. It was developed by Dennis E. Slice and Bridget F. B. Algee-Hewitt, and utilizes three distinct scores: the Slice and Algee-Hewitt (SAH) score, bending energy (BE), and ventral curvature (VC). However, these scores and age estimation regression equation were obtained through European American pubic symphysis. Changes in the pubic symphysis surface are evaluated as one of the most reliable indicators for estimating age, but in connection with this, using Korean materials, changes in the pubic symphysis surface and the actual changes are evaluated. There is no bar where the relationship between ages is grasped, and there are cases where a methodology developed for a specific group is applied to a Korean group. Changing the pubic symphysis surface by aging was evaluated as one of the most reliable indicators for estimating age. However, there is no study conducted on the relationship between changes in the pubic symphysis and actual age and applied the age estimation method for a specific population among Korean population. The purpose of this study is to compare the difference between the actual age and the estimated age in Korean to see if the forAge program is applicable to other population of different ancestral origin. One hundred and four modern Korean pubic symphyseal surfaces (47 to 96 years old) were used in this study. Through the pubic symphyseal surface 3-dimensional images, age-at-death was estimated via prediction equation and new regression lines using SAH, VC, and BE scores. Firstly, the estimated age via prediction equation using the first version of SAH score was lower than the actual age according to all pubic symphyseal surfaces for those older than 56. With aging, the difference between the actual age and estimated age became markedly larger. Secondly, the estimated ages via the new regression lines using VC, the second version of SAH score, and BE were shown a similar pattern to the previous prediction equation. The current study explored the applicability of a quantitative method using pubic symphyseal surface for age estimation in a modern Korean population. This study showed the forAge program cannot be applied to a modern Korean population, as they present relatively low correlations with the actual age-at-death. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Human Anatomy)
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12 pages, 2041 KiB  
Article
Comprehensive Oral Diagnosis and Management for Women with Turner Syndrome
by Victoria Tallón-Walton, Meritxell Sánchez-Molins, Wenwen Hu, Neus Martínez-Abadías, Aroa Casado and María Cristina Manzanares-Céspedes
Diagnostics 2024, 14(7), 769; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14070769 - 5 Apr 2024
Viewed by 2667
Abstract
Turner Syndrome (TS) is a rare genetic disorder that affects females when one of the X chromosomes is partially or completely missing. Due to high genetic and phenotypic variability, TS diagnosis is challenging and is often delayed until adolescence, resulting in poor clinical [...] Read more.
Turner Syndrome (TS) is a rare genetic disorder that affects females when one of the X chromosomes is partially or completely missing. Due to high genetic and phenotypic variability, TS diagnosis is challenging and is often delayed until adolescence, resulting in poor clinical management. Numerous oral, dental and craniofacial anomalies have been associated with TS, yet a comprehensive description is still lacking. This study addresses this gap through a detailed analysis of oral health and craniofacial characteristics in a cohort of 15 females with TS and their first-degree relatives. Subjects with TS ranged from 3 to 48 years old, none showed evidence of periodontal disease and only the youngest was in mixed dentition. Using the Multifunction System, we identified an aggregation of multiple signs and symptoms in each TS subject, including tooth anomalies (supernumerary molars, agenesis, microdontia, enamel defects, alterations in eruption patterns -advanced and delayed for chronological age-, crowding, rotations and transpositions), malocclusion (class II/1 and II/2) and Class II facial profile, while relatives exhibited fewer manifestations. The early detection of these signs and symptoms is crucial for appropriate referral and the optimal clinical management of TS, especially during the critical period of 9 to 10 years when congenital dental anomalies appear. The use of an established taxonomy to describe these phenotypic features is essential for early detection. Multidisciplinary teams are required to ensure holistic care management in rare diseases like TS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Human Anatomy)
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9 pages, 5962 KiB  
Brief Report
Quantitative Measurement of Rotation in Phalangeal Fracture Malunion Using Computed Tomography Imaging—“Linkage Simulation”
by Hidemasa Yoneda, Katsuyuki Iwatsuki, Masaomi Saeki, Atsuhiko Murayama, Nobunori Takahashi, Michiro Yamamoto and Hitoshi Hirata
Diagnostics 2024, 14(16), 1818; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14161818 - 21 Aug 2024
Viewed by 563
Abstract
Malunion of thumb and finger fractures causes problems in the cosmetic and functional aspects of the hand. Malunion of phalangeal fractures usually manifests as a combination of rotational deformities in the coronal, sagittal, and transverse planes, and corrective osteotomy is performed on the [...] Read more.
Malunion of thumb and finger fractures causes problems in the cosmetic and functional aspects of the hand. Malunion of phalangeal fractures usually manifests as a combination of rotational deformities in the coronal, sagittal, and transverse planes, and corrective osteotomy is performed on the planes that cause these problems. Quantification of the deformity is essential for precise osteotomy and is difficult to perform in the transverse plane, even with radiography or computed tomography. Thus, we developed a technique called linkage simulation for the quantitative measurement of rotational deformities for surgical planning. In this procedure, finger extension and flexion can be simulated based on the predicted rotational axis of the joint, which is useful for determining the appropriate correction. Furthermore, by performing a reduction simulation in the software, it is possible to simulate the surgery and predict the postoperative results. This paper reports the details of this technique. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Human Anatomy)
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