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Diagnostics
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New Progress in Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Diseases
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New Progress in Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Diseases

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2025 | Viewed by 7878

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Hyemoon Chung

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
Interests: cardiovascular diseases; cardiomyopathy; atrial fibrillation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death. Due to aging populations, changes in lifestyle and increases in other risk factors, the incidence and mortality rates of cardiovascular disease continue to rise. Timely diagnosis can help detect potential cardiovascular disorders, which is crucial for developing precise treatment plans and evaluating patient outcomes. 

Recent advances in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease include constantly improving imaging techniques and molecular biology applications. The development of cardiovascular imaging techniques (such as echocardiography, MRI and CT) provides an important means for an early, rapid and accurate diagnosis of diseases. Progress in molecular biology has also provided new ideas and methods for the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease.

The Special Issue aims to share new advances in the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular diseases. Research articles and comprehensive reviews that focus on any of these aspects are welcome. Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

(1) Cardiovascular imaging;
(2) Pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases;
(3) Biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases;
(4) Artificial intelligence in cardiovascular medicine. 

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Hyemoon Chung
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cardiovascular disease
  • cardiovascular imaging
  • biomarker
  • cardiomyopathy
  • atrial fibrillation

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

14 pages, 1041 KiB  
Article
Effect of Coronary Collateral Supply on Left Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain after Recanalization of Chronic Total Occlusion
by Haci Ali Kurklu, Nil Ozyuncu, İrem Muge Akbulut Koyuncu, Kerim Esenboga and Turkan Seda Tan
Diagnostics 2024, 14(18), 2007; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14182007 - 11 Sep 2024
Viewed by 507
Abstract
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to chronic total occlusion (CTO) is still a subject of debate. The primary goal of revascularization is to provide symptomatic relief and enhance left ventricular (LV) functions. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) is proven to be more sensitive than the [...] Read more.
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to chronic total occlusion (CTO) is still a subject of debate. The primary goal of revascularization is to provide symptomatic relief and enhance left ventricular (LV) functions. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) is proven to be more sensitive than the ejection fraction (EF), especially for subtle ischemic changes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the improvement in LV GLS after revascularization of symptomatic stable coronary patients with single-vessel CTO, categorized according to their collateral supply grades. Sixty-nine patients with successful CTO-PCI were grouped, according to their collateral supply grades, as well-developed (WD) and poor collateral groups and followed-up for 3 months. Basal characteristics were similar for both groups, except for a lower EF (p = 0.04) and impaired GLS (p < 0.0001) in the poor collateral group. At the end of 3 months follow-up, symptomatic relief was similar in both groups (p = 0.101). GLS improvement reached statistical significance only for the poor collateral, not for the WD group (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.054, respectively). The EF did not change significantly in both groups. Poorly collateralized CTO lesions may not only result in baseline LV dysfunction, but also appear to carry potential for recovery after revascularization. This may not be the case for WD collaterals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Progress in Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Diseases)
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14 pages, 2188 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Cognitive Functions in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Prospective Pilot Study
by Gozde Baran, Suleyman Sezai Yildiz, Ozge Gonul Oner, Ahmet Gurdal, Kudret Keskin, Serhat Sigirci, Kadriye Orta Kilickesmez and Gulsen Babacan Yildiz
Diagnostics 2024, 14(14), 1492; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14141492 - 11 Jul 2024
Viewed by 646
Abstract
Purpose: It is not clear whether cognitive functions are impaired in young patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study aims to detect whether or not there is cognitive impairment and cerebral changes in young patients with ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). [...] Read more.
Purpose: It is not clear whether cognitive functions are impaired in young patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study aims to detect whether or not there is cognitive impairment and cerebral changes in young patients with ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patients and Methods: All 50 patients with ACS who were treated with primary PCI were eligible for this prospective study. All participants had normal cognitive function before ACS. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to quantify changes in brain white and gray matter. Cognitive functions (CFs) were evaluated by seven cognitive tests. Patients were categorized by MRI findings and test scores were compared from the first day to after the first month. Results: We determined 25 patients with impaired CFs on the first day. After the first month, we identified 18 patients with transient impaired CFs. No structural difference was observed between impaired CF and normal CF. While 25 patients had a score of 1 according to Fazekas, 10 patients had a score of 1 according to MTLA. While the mean Stroop test completion time and Stroop test error rate scores were significantly higher on the first day than after the first month in the Fazekas+ group (p = 0.003, p < 0.001, respectively), other cognitive test scores—except clock drawing test, digital span forwards, and backwards—were significantly lower on the first day compared to after the first month in the Fazekas+ group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Patients with ACS have transient impairment in cognitive functions. Acute coronary syndrome is not associated with structural changes in the brain. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Progress in Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Diseases)
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21 pages, 4759 KiB  
Article
Transfer Learning Video Classification of Preserved, Mid-Range, and Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Echocardiography
by Pierre Decoodt, Daniel Sierra-Sosa, Laura Anghel, Giovanni Cuminetti, Eva De Keyzer and Marielle Morissens
Diagnostics 2024, 14(13), 1439; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14131439 - 5 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1116
Abstract
Identifying patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), either reduced [EF < 40% (rEF)], mid-range [EF 40–50% (mEF)], or preserved [EF > 50% (pEF)], is considered of primary clinical importance. An end-to-end video classification using AutoML in Google Vertex AI was applied to [...] Read more.
Identifying patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), either reduced [EF < 40% (rEF)], mid-range [EF 40–50% (mEF)], or preserved [EF > 50% (pEF)], is considered of primary clinical importance. An end-to-end video classification using AutoML in Google Vertex AI was applied to echocardiographic recordings. Datasets balanced by majority undersampling, each corresponding to one out of three possible classifications, were obtained from the Standford EchoNet-Dynamic repository. A train–test split of 75/25 was applied. A binary video classification of rEF vs. not rEF demonstrated good performance (test dataset: ROC AUC score 0.939, accuracy 0.863, sensitivity 0.894, specificity 0.831, positive predicting value 0.842). A second binary classification of not pEF vs. pEF was slightly less performing (test dataset: ROC AUC score 0.917, accuracy 0.829, sensitivity 0.761, specificity 0.891, positive predicting value 0.888). A ternary classification was also explored, and lower performance was observed, mainly for the mEF class. A non-AutoML PyTorch implementation in open access confirmed the feasibility of our approach. With this proof of concept, end-to-end video classification based on transfer learning to categorize EF merits consideration for further evaluation in prospective clinical studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Progress in Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Diseases)
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Review

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14 pages, 995 KiB  
Review
Diagnosis and Management of Pulmonary Hypertension: New Insights
by Despoina Ntiloudi, Nearchos Kasinos, Alkistis Kalesi, Georgios Vagenakis, Anastasios Theodosis-Georgilas and Spyridon Rammos
Diagnostics 2024, 14(18), 2052; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14182052 - 16 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1021
Abstract
Over the last decades, significant progress has been achieved in the pulmonary hypertension (PH) field. Pathophysiology of PH has been studied, leading to the classification of PH patients into five groups, while the hemodynamic definition has been recently revised. A diagnostic algorithm has [...] Read more.
Over the last decades, significant progress has been achieved in the pulmonary hypertension (PH) field. Pathophysiology of PH has been studied, leading to the classification of PH patients into five groups, while the hemodynamic definition has been recently revised. A diagnostic algorithm has been established and awareness has been raised in order to minimize diagnosis delay. The pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) treatment strategy includes the established three pathways of endothelin, nitric oxide-phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and prostacyclin pathway, but new therapeutic options are now being tested. The aim of this review is to summarize the existing practice and to highlight the novelties in the field of PH. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Progress in Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Diseases)
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19 pages, 1706 KiB  
Review
Non-Coding RNA Involved in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis—A Narrative Review
by Kajetan Kiełbowski, Justyna Żychowska, Estera Bakinowska and Andrzej Pawlik
Diagnostics 2024, 14(17), 1981; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14171981 - 7 Sep 2024
Viewed by 820
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a highly prevalent condition associated with lipid accumulation in the intima layer of arterial blood vessels. The development of atherosclerotic plaques is associated with the incidence of major cardiovascular events, such as acute coronary syndrome or ischemic stroke. Due to the [...] Read more.
Atherosclerosis is a highly prevalent condition associated with lipid accumulation in the intima layer of arterial blood vessels. The development of atherosclerotic plaques is associated with the incidence of major cardiovascular events, such as acute coronary syndrome or ischemic stroke. Due to the significant prevalence of atherosclerosis and its subclinical progression, it is associated with severe and potentially lethal complications. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is complex and not entirely known. The identification of novel non-invasive diagnostic markers and treatment methods that could suppress the progression of this condition is highly required. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) involves several subclasses of RNA molecules. microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA) differently regulate gene expression. Importantly, these molecules are frequently dysregulated under pathological conditions, which is associated with enhanced or suppressed expression of their target genes. In this review, we aim to discuss the involvement of ncRNA in crucial mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We summarize current evidence on the potential use of these molecules as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Progress in Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Diseases)
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16 pages, 808 KiB  
Review
Emerging Trends in Left Ventricular Thrombus: A Comprehensive Review of Non-Ischemic and Ischemic Cardiopathies, Including Eosinophilic Myocarditis, Chagas Cardiomyopathy, Amyloidosis, and Innovative Anticoagulant Approaches
by Benjamin Colle, Fabian Demeure, Julien Higny, Martin Benoit, Jean-Philippe Henry, Isabelle Michaux, Benoit Robaye, Olivier Xhaët, Laurence Gabriel, Antoine Guedes, Dominique Blommaert, Nathalie Dulieu, Yannick Berners, Fabian Wery, Steven Droogmans, Bernard Cosyns and Maria-Luiza Luchian
Diagnostics 2024, 14(9), 948; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14090948 - 30 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3165
Abstract
This comprehensive review explores the intricate aspects of left ventricular thrombus (LVT), a potential complication in both ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathies. It provides a thorough understanding of left ventricular thrombus, revealing its uncommon incidence in the general population (7 cases per 10,000 patients), [...] Read more.
This comprehensive review explores the intricate aspects of left ventricular thrombus (LVT), a potential complication in both ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathies. It provides a thorough understanding of left ventricular thrombus, revealing its uncommon incidence in the general population (7 cases per 10,000 patients), predominantly linked to ischemic heart diseases (ICMs) at an 80% prevalence rate. Diagnostic tools, notably transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), demonstrate varying sensitivity but remain indispensable in specific clinical contexts related to LVT as non-invasive diagnostic modalities. A detailed comparison between ICM patients and those with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) who have left ventricular thrombus reveals subtle distinctions with significant clinical implications. This analysis underscores the importance of these imaging techniques in distinguishing between the two conditions. Additionally, we explored the occurrence of LVT in specific non-ischemic cardiomyopathies, including Takotsubo syndrome, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, eosinophilic myocarditis, Chagas disease, cardiac amyloidosis, and several other conditions. The article further delves into anticoagulation strategies, thoroughly examining their impact on LVT regression and patient outcomes. Pharmacological interventions, with a focus on direct oral anticoagulants, emerge as promising alternatives; however, there is insufficient information on their efficiency and safety, especially in NICM population. In conclusion, this review highlights the complex nature of LVT, incorporating a range of etiopathogenic factors, diagnostic complexities, and evolving therapeutic approaches. It emphasizes the pressing need for ongoing research in this field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Progress in Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Diseases)
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