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Diagnostics
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Clinical Diagnosis and Management in Cardiology
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Clinical Diagnosis and Management in Cardiology

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Diagnosis and Prognosis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 2436

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Oskars Kalejs

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Paula Stradina Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
Interests: atrial fibrillation; cardiac surgery; cardiovascular surgery; pacemakers; heart valve diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The clinical diagnosis and management of cardiology play a crucial role in the field of medicine, involving the accurate identification and assessment of heart diseases, as well as the formulation and implementation of effective treatment plans.

The clinical diagnosis of cardiology typically relies on a series of detailed examinations and tests. Firstly, doctors collect patients’ medical history information and symptom descriptions to obtain initial diagnostic clues. Subsequently, through physical examination, doctors can observe certain signs of heart disease, such as heart murmurs and arrhythmias. Further diagnostic tools include electrocardiogram (ECG) testing, a non-invasive method that records the electrical activity of the heart, aiding in the diagnosis of arrhythmias, myocardial ischemia, and other issues. Additionally, imaging techniques such as echocardiography, radionuclide testing, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) provide visual representations of the heart's structure and function, crucial for diagnosing valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy, coronary heart disease, and other conditions. In some cases, doctors may also perform blood tests to detect markers of myocardial injury, lipid levels, and other biochemical indicators that help with making diagnoses.

This Special Issue aims to improve our knowledge on the latest advances in the diagnosis and management of cardiology, providing valuable insights for medical professionals and researchers.

Dr. Oskars Kalejs
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cardiology
  • heart disease
  • arrhythmia
  • myocardial infarction
  • angina pectoris
  • coronary artery disease
  • echocardiography

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 789 KiB  
Article
Thoracic Lymphatic Perfusion Patterns Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Late Fontan Failure
by Diego B. Ortega-Zhindón, Gabriela Meléndez-Ramírez, Sergio A. Patrón-Chi, Frida Rivera-Buendía, Juan Calderón-Colmenero, José A. García-Montes, Nonanzit Pérez-Hernández, José Manuel Rodríguez-Pérez and Jorge L. Cervantes-Salazar
Diagnostics 2024, 14(23), 2611; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14232611 - 21 Nov 2024
Viewed by 174
Abstract
Background: Fontan circulation maintains an elevated venous pressure; this promotes venous and lymphatic congestion and may lead to late circuit failure. Our objective was to determine the association between thoracic lymphatic perfusion patterns assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and late Fontan failure. Methodology: [...] Read more.
Background: Fontan circulation maintains an elevated venous pressure; this promotes venous and lymphatic congestion and may lead to late circuit failure. Our objective was to determine the association between thoracic lymphatic perfusion patterns assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and late Fontan failure. Methodology: A retrospective study was performed. We included patients who underwent the Fontan procedure between January 2005 and December 2019 and who were evaluated with lymphatic mapping using magnetic resonance imaging. Lymphatic abnormalities were classified into four types. The prevalence of late failure was determined, and logistic regression analysis was performed to establish the association between the variables of interest and the outcome. Results: Fifty-four patients were included with a mean age at surgery of 8.8 years ± 3.5 years; 42.6% (n = 23) were men. The most frequent diagnosis was tricuspid atresia (50%, n = 27), and the Fontan procedures were mainly performed using an extracardiac conduit (96.3%, n = 52). The prevalence of late Fontan failure was 35.2%. The lymphatic perfusion patterns observed were Type 1 in 25.9% (n = 14), Type 2 in 46.3% (n = 25), Type 3 in 25.9% (n = 14), and Type 4 in 1.8% (n = 1), with no differences in relation to late failure. (p = 0.42). The age at surgery was found to be a factor associated with the late Fontan failure (OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.02–1.48; p = 0.02). Conclusions: One-third of patients with Fontan circulation may experience late failure, not significantly associated with lymphatic changes, but when the total cavopulmonary connection is completed at an older age. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Diagnosis and Management in Cardiology)
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10 pages, 2293 KiB  
Article
Normal Values for Echocardiographic Myocardial Work in a Large Pediatric Population
by Pietro Marchese, Marco Scalese, Nadia Assanta, Eliana Franchi, Cecilia Viacava, Giuseppe Santoro, Giulia Corana, Alessandra Pizzuto, Francesca Valeria Contini, Shelby Kutty and Massimiliano Cantinotti
Diagnostics 2024, 14(10), 1022; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14101022 - 15 May 2024
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Abstract
Background: Echocardiographic myocardial work is a new load-independent echocardiographic technique to quantify left ventricle (LV) systolic performance. Our aim was to establish normal values for echocardiographic myocardial work in a large population of healthy children. Methods: For all the subjects 4-, 2-, and [...] Read more.
Background: Echocardiographic myocardial work is a new load-independent echocardiographic technique to quantify left ventricle (LV) systolic performance. Our aim was to establish normal values for echocardiographic myocardial work in a large population of healthy children. Methods: For all the subjects 4-, 2-, and 3-chamber-view videos were stored. The following parameters were obtained by offline analysis: the global myocardial work (GMW), the global myocardial constructive work (GCW), the global myocardial wasted work (GWW), and the global myocardial work efficiency (GWE). Age, weight, height, heart rate, and body surface area (BSA) were used as independent variables in the statistical analysis. Results: In all, 516 healthy subjects (age range, 1 day—18 years; median age, 8.2 ± 5.3 years; 55.8% male; body surface area (BSA) range, 0.16 to 2.12 m2) were included. GWI, GCW, and GWW increased with weight, height, and BSA (ρ ranging from 0.635 to 0.226, p all < 0.01); GWI and GCW positively correlated with age (ρ 0.653 and 0.507). After adjusting for BSA differences, females showed higher mean GWI (p = 0.002) and GCW values (p < 0.001), thus Z-score equations for gender have been presented. Conclusions: We provided MW values in a large population of healthy pediatric subjects including lower ages. MW values increased with age and body size and, interestingly, were higher in females than in men. These data cover a gap in current nomograms and may serve as a baseline for the evaluation of MW analysis in children with congenital and acquired heart diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Diagnosis and Management in Cardiology)
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Other

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26 pages, 2500 KiB  
Systematic Review
Anatomical Variants of the Origin of the Coronary Arteries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence
by Juan José Valenzuela Fuenzalida, Emelyn Sofia Becerra-Rodriguez, Alonso Sebastián Quivira Muñoz, Belén Baez Flores, Catalina Escalona Manzo, Mathias Orellana-Donoso, Pablo Nova-Baeza, Alejandra Suazo-Santibañez, Alejandro Bruna-Mejias, Juan Sanchis-Gimeno, Héctor Gutiérrez-Espinoza and Guinevere Granite
Diagnostics 2024, 14(13), 1458; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14131458 - 8 Jul 2024
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Abstract
Purpose: The most common anomaly is an anomalous left coronary artery originating from the pulmonary artery. These variants can be different and depend on the location as well as how they present themselves in their anatomical distribution and their symptomatological relationship. For these [...] Read more.
Purpose: The most common anomaly is an anomalous left coronary artery originating from the pulmonary artery. These variants can be different and depend on the location as well as how they present themselves in their anatomical distribution and their symptomatological relationship. For these reasons, this review aims to identify the variants of the coronary artery and how they are associated with different clinical conditions. Methods: The databases Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and LILACS were researched until January 2024. Two authors independently performed the search, study selection, and data extraction. Methodological quality was evaluated using an assurance tool for anatomical studies (AQUA). Pooled prevalence was estimated using a random effects model. Results: A total of 39 studies met the established selection criteria. In this study, 21 articles with a total of 578,868 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. The coronary artery origin variant was 1% (CI = 0.8–1.2%). For this third sample, the funnel plot graph showed an important asymmetry, with a p-value of 0.162, which is directly associated with this asymmetry. Conclusions: It is recommended that patients whose diagnosis was made incidentally and in the absence of symptoms undergo periodic controls to prevent future complications, including death. Finally, we believe that further studies could improve the anatomical, embryological, and physiological understanding of this variant in the heart. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Diagnosis and Management in Cardiology)
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