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Advancements in Solar Cell Technologies: From Efficiency Breakthroughs to Novel Materials and Manufacturing Processes

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A2: Solar Energy and Photovoltaic Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 26 April 2025 | Viewed by 2674

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
Interests: transparent conductors; nanostructured optoelectronic materials for optoelectronic devices, including photodetectors, solar cells, etc.
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Guest Editor
Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre (IMEC), 3001 Leuven, Flemish Region, Belgium
Interests: thin film; perovskite and DSSC solar cells; photoelectrochemical cells; photophysics of energy materials; photoelectrochemical solar to fuel conversion
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
College of IT Convergence, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
Interests: transparent conductors; optoelectronics; solar photovoltaics; neuromorphic devices; synaptic devices

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Tapping the vast energy available from the sun in the form of electricity and chemical fuels has tremendous potential to address the global energy supply and climate change. Over the years, power conversion efficiencies have drastically improved due to both material innovation and advanced processing techniques. Further advancements in solar cell technologies are crucial to reducing the total cost of solar energy. This can be achieved by increasing their power conversion efficiency and incorporating new manufacturing approaches to make this technology commercially viable.

In recent years, the solar cell landscape has changed drastically, primarily driven by the emergence of perovskite materials and developments in thin film technologies such as CIGS, CZTS, and Sb2Se3. Perovskite-based solar cells are characterized by their low-cost fabrication and exceptional light-absorption properties. They demonstrated excellent efficiency improvements within a very short timespan. However, CIGS-, CZTS-, and Sb2Se3-based solar cells have the potential to become next-generation solar cells due to the advantages of abundant and environmentally friendly materials. These thin-film-technology-based solar cells offer a pathway to efficient energy conversion while addressing resource constraints. Continuous research is highly desired to enhance their performance, stability, and scalability, as well as to reduce costs.

Therefore, this Special Issue calls for high-quality research progress on advances in solar cell technologies.

The subjects covered in this Special Issue include, but are not limited to:

  • Emerging materials for photovoltaics (perovskite, organic materials, etc.);
  • Emerging chalcogenide thin films for solar energy harvesting;
  • Wide bandgap (Eg > 1.5 eV) solar cell materials;
  • Light trapping and enhanced light-absorption strategies;
  • Band gap tunable materials for tandem;
  • Tandem solar cells and multi-junction architectures;
  • High-efficiency solar cell design;
  • Multijunction approaches for high Voc and IR spectrum utilization;
  • The development of transparent conductors (front and back contact);
  • Technoeconomic analysis of the tandem solar cells;
  • Stability and durability of solar cells in varying environments;
  • Advanced manufacturing techniques and scalability;
  • Integration of solar cells into building materials and consumer electronics;

Dr. Xiaojie Xu
Dr. Sudhanshu Shukla
Dr. Sandeep Kumar Maurya
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • perovskite solar cell
  • organic solar cell
  • multijunction solar cell
  • tandem solar cell
  • flexible solar cells
  • wide-bandgap photovoltaic material
  • low-bandgap photovoltaic material
  • utilization of solar spectrum
  • perovskite solar cell
  • silicon solar cell
  • thin film solar cell
  • quantum dot solar cell
  • transparent conductor
  • front contact
  • back contact
  • light capture
  • modeling and simulation of tandem solar cell
  • technoeconomic analysis
  • open circuit voltage (Voc)
  • external quantum efficiency (EQE)
  • fill Factor (FF)
  • power conversion efficiency
  • cost per watt

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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9 pages, 595 KiB  
Article
Multi-Terminal GaInP/GaInAs/Ge Solar Cells for Subcells Characterization
by Thomas Bidaud, Farah Ayari, Paul Ferreol, Corentin Jouanneau, Artur Turala, Solene Moreau, Maïté Volatier, Vincent Aimez, Simon Fafard, Abdelatif Jaouad, Maxime Darnon and Gwenaëlle Hamon
Energies 2024, 17(11), 2538; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17112538 - 24 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 995
Abstract
Improvement of triple-junction (3J) III-V/Ge solar cells efficiency is hindered by the low current produced by the top and middle cells relative to the bottom cell (Ge). This can be explained by the difficulty of characterizing, on an individual basis, the subcells. We [...] Read more.
Improvement of triple-junction (3J) III-V/Ge solar cells efficiency is hindered by the low current produced by the top and middle cells relative to the bottom cell (Ge). This can be explained by the difficulty of characterizing, on an individual basis, the subcells. We investigate the fabrication process of multi-terminal multi-junction solar cells (MTMJSC) and its potential as a promising architecture to independently characterize subcells of multi-junction solar cells. Here, we study monolithic triple-junction solar cells, with an InGaP top cell, an InGaAs middle cell and a Ge bottom cell interconnected by tunnel junctions. We demonstrate a fabrication process for MTMJSC on commercial wafers for characterization applications purposes. I-V measurements, under illumination, of two-terminals and MTMJSC were compared to validate that the MTMJSC fabrication process does not degrade the cells’ performance. The dark current of each subcell was also measured and an ideal-diode model used to determine the subcells electrical parameters. The results suggest a method to measure the relative absorption and the opto-electrical couplings between the subcells unambiguously, through EQE and electroluminescence measurements, based on basic micro-fabrication processes. Full article
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26 pages, 2804 KiB  
Review
Recent Progress on the Materials of Oxygen Ion-Conducting Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Experimental Analysis of Biogas-Assisted Electrolysis over a LSC Anode
by Christos Drosakis, Savvas Douvartzides, Costas Athanasiou and Georgios Skodras
Energies 2024, 17(22), 5526; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17225526 - 5 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1029
Abstract
In this work, the recent achievements in the application of solid oxides fuel cells (SOFCs) are discussed. This paper summarizes the progress in two major topics: the materials for the electrolytes, anode, and cathode, and the fuels used, such as hydrocarbon, alcohol, and [...] Read more.
In this work, the recent achievements in the application of solid oxides fuel cells (SOFCs) are discussed. This paper summarizes the progress in two major topics: the materials for the electrolytes, anode, and cathode, and the fuels used, such as hydrocarbon, alcohol, and solid carbon fuels. Various aspects related to the development of new materials for the main components of the materials for electrocatalysts and for solid electrolytes (e.g., pure metals, metal alloys, high entropy oxides, cermets, perovskite oxides, Ruddlesden–Popper phase materials, scandia-stabilized-zirconia, perovskite oxides, and ceria-based solid electrolytes) are reported in a coherent and explanatory way. The selection of appropriate material for electrocatalysts and for solid electrolyte is crucial to achieve successful commercialization of the SOFC technology, since enhanced efficiency and increased life span is desirable. Based on the recent advancements, tests were conducted in a biogas-fueled Ni-YSZ/YSZ/GDC/LSC commercial cell, to elucidate the suitability of the LSC as an anode. Results obtained encourage the application of LSC as an anode in actual SOFC and SOFEC systems. Thus, H2-SOFC demonstrated a satisfying ASR value, while, for biogas-assisted electrolysis, the current values slightly increased compared to the methane-SOFEC, and for a 50/50 biogas mixture of methane and carbon dioxide, the corresponding value presented the higher increase. Full article
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