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Current Status and Future Prospects of Hydrogen and Fuel Cell...
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Current Status and Future Prospects of Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A5: Hydrogen Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2025) | Viewed by 3527

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Vânia B. Oliveira

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
Interests: chemical and biological fuel cells, namely direct methanol and ethanol fuel cells; PEM fuel cells; microbial fuel cells and desalination fuel cells; mass transfer; mathematical modeling and electrochemical characterization techniques
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Alexandra M.F.R. Pinto

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
Interests: PEM fuel cells; direct alcohol fuel cells; desalination fuel cells; microbial fuel cells; electrolyzers; hydrogen production and storage
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Future of Energy targets a smart and sustainable economy based on knowledge, innovation, and efficient use of resources, especially environmentally friendly ones. Innovation is considered the best tool to face the increasing global competition successfully, and open innovation among universities and industry will create new opportunities and technologies while providing a response to major social challenges. Among the different cutting-edge technologies that emerged in the last decade, Hydrogen and Fuel Cells are part of the portfolio of technologies identified in the Strategic Energy Technology Plan, which aims to accelerate the development of low-carbon technologies with expected contributions to a sustainable and secure energy supply system.

This Special Issue aims to present the most recent developments and future prospects for Hydrogen production and storage systems and Fuel Cell technology. Therefore, the topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to:

  • PEM fuel cells;
  • Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells;
  • Direct Ammonia Fuel Cells;
  • Electrolysers;
  • Hydrogen Production;
  • Hydrogen Storage;
  • Safety Issues;
  • Life-cycle assessment;
  • Durability and lifetime;
  • Economic evaluation;
  • Modelling approaches;
  • Scale-up;
  • Novel applications.

Dr. Vânia B. Oliveira
Prof. Dr. Alexandra M.F.R. Pinto
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fuel cells
  • hydrogen
  • design
  • modelling
  • control
  • new materials
  • diagnosis
  • safety

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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16 pages, 2921 KiB  
Article
The Effect of a Reduction in the Catalyst Loading on a Mini Passive Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
by C. S. Moreira, A. M. F. R. Pinto and V. B. Oliveira
Energies 2024, 17(20), 5174; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17205174 - 17 Oct 2024
Viewed by 618
Abstract
Mini passive direct methanol fuel cells (mpDMFCs) appear to be a promising alternative for powering portable devices, since they use a liquid fuel, have a fast refuelling time, have a high efficiency and have a low environmental impact. However, some issues need to [...] Read more.
Mini passive direct methanol fuel cells (mpDMFCs) appear to be a promising alternative for powering portable devices, since they use a liquid fuel, have a fast refuelling time, have a high efficiency and have a low environmental impact. However, some issues need to be solved before their commercialization, such as methanol crossover, short lifetime and high costs. The present work studies the effect of reducing the anode and cathode catalyst loading on the performance of a mpDMFC towards a reduction in the system costs and the characterization of the system losses. The undesirable losses that affect the fuel cell performance were identified and quantified using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique. Accordingly, a novel equivalent electric circuit (EEC) was proposed, accurately reproducing the mini pDMFC. In this work, a maximum power density of 7.07 mW cm−2 was obtained, with a methanol concentration of 5 M, using 2 mg cm−2 Pt-RuB and 4 mg cm−2 PtB. The mpDMFC allowed the cell to work with high methanol concentrations and reduced anode catalyst loadings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Status and Future Prospects of Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies)
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15 pages, 3610 KiB  
Article
Fuel Cell System Modeling Dedicated to Performance Estimation in the Automotive Context
by Antony Plait, Pierre Saenger and David Bouquain
Energies 2024, 17(15), 3850; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17153850 - 5 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1220
Abstract
In this paper, a meticulous modeling approach is proposed not only for a fuel cell stack itself but also for all auxiliary components that collectively form the fuel cell system. This comprehensive modeling approach encompasses a wide range of components, including, but not [...] Read more.
In this paper, a meticulous modeling approach is proposed not only for a fuel cell stack itself but also for all auxiliary components that collectively form the fuel cell system. This comprehensive modeling approach encompasses a wide range of components, including, but not limited to, the hydrogen recirculation pump and the air compressor. Each component is thoroughly analyzed and modeled based on the detailed specifications provided by suppliers. This involves considering factors such as efficiency, operating parameters, response times, and interactions with other system elements. By integrating these detailed models, a holistic understanding of the entire fuel cell system’s performance can be attained. Such an approach enables engineers and designers to simulate various operating scenarios, predict system behavior under different conditions, and optimize the system design for maximum efficiency and reliability. Moreover, it allows for informed decision-making throughout the system’s development, deployment, and operational phases, ultimately leading to more robust and effective energy systems. The model validation is performed by comparing experimental data to theoretical results, and the observed difference does not exceed 3%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Status and Future Prospects of Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies)
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Other

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18 pages, 8772 KiB  
Perspective
Perspective on the Development and Integration of Hydrogen Sensors for Fuel Cell Control
by Michael Hauck, Christopher Bickmann, Annika Morgenstern, Nicolas Nagel, Christoph R. Meinecke, Alexander Schade, Rania Tafat, Lucas Viriato, Harald Kuhn, Georgeta Salvan, Daniel Schondelmaier, Tino Ullrich, Thomas von Unwerth and Stefan Streif
Energies 2024, 17(20), 5158; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17205158 - 16 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1179
Abstract
The measurement of hydrogen concentration in fuel cell systems is an important prerequisite for the development of a control strategy to enhance system performance, reduce purge losses and minimize fuel cell aging effects. In this perspective paper, the working principles of hydrogen sensors [...] Read more.
The measurement of hydrogen concentration in fuel cell systems is an important prerequisite for the development of a control strategy to enhance system performance, reduce purge losses and minimize fuel cell aging effects. In this perspective paper, the working principles of hydrogen sensors are analyzed and their requirements for hydrogen control in fuel cell systems are critically discussed. The wide measurement range, absence of oxygen, high humidity and limited space turn out to be most limiting. A perspective on the development of hydrogen sensors based on palladium as a gas-sensitive metal and based on the organic magnetic field effect in organic light-emitting devices is presented. The design of a test chamber, where the sensor response can easily be analyzed under fuel cell-like conditions is proposed. This allows the generation of practical knowledge for further sensor development. The presented sensors could be integrated into the end plate to measure the hydrogen concentration at the anode in- and outlet. Further miniaturization is necessary to integrate them into the flow field of the fuel cell to avoid fuel starvation in each single cell. Compressed sensing methods are used for more efficient data analysis. By using a dynamical sensor model, control algorithms are applied with high frequency to control the hydrogen concentration, the purge process, and the recirculation pump. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Status and Future Prospects of Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies)
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