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Advances in Energy Conversion and Control for Solar Energy, Wind Energy, and Other Renewable Energy

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A: Sustainable Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2025 | Viewed by 4926

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Interests: electrical power systems; applications of power electronics in power systems; real-time power system modeling; smart grid systems; power systems protections; renewable energy and distributed energy resources in power systems; applications of artificial intelligence in power systems; high-voltage power systems; condition monitoring
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electrical power and energy systems are facing challenges and transformations as smart grid is implemented. Improved design solutions, better control and efficient management of systems are essential to maintain the reliability and continuity of a power supply in systems where customers are participating in effecting bi-directional power flow where immediate balancing of demand and supply needs to be meet from the perspective of the stability of the systems. Real-time exchange of information becomes inevitable in integrating modern technologies, controls and their operation in a sustainable manner in this regard. Above all, smart protections are necessary for all the systems and equipment.

This Special Issue aims to present and disseminate the most recent advances related to energy conversion and associated controls and protections for solar energy, wind energy, and other renewable energy sources.

  • Smart interoperability of energy sources;
  • Smart microgrid;
  • Smart integration of renewable energy systems;
  • Smart economic load dispatch;
  • Information and communication technologies in smart energy systems;
  • Efficient use of energy resources in a smart grid;
  • Smart energy monitoring in the grid;
  • Smart energy management systems;
  • Smart distributed generation systems;
  • Use of big data in smart energy systems;
  • Use of IoTs in smart energy systems;
  • Smart solutions for energy systems;
  • Smart systems for electric vehicles in energy systems;
  • Smart metering in energy systems;
  • Smart building designs and solutions;
  • Smart systems for railway traction systems;
  • Smart energy systems for industry applications;
  • Smart control and operation of energy systems;
  • Smart control and operation of energy storage systems;
  • Smart control of power electronic devices in energy systems;
  • Smart solutions in HV and EHV transmission systems;
  • Smart designs for consumers/prosumers of energy;
  • Smart protections in energy systems;
  • Applications of artificial intelligence for smart energy systems;
  • Computational techniques for smart energy systems.

Dr. Akshay Kumar Saha
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • energy conversion
  • control
  • solar energy
  • wind energy
  • renewable energy
  • energy storage
  • microgrid
  • energy monitoring
  • energy management
  • distributed generation
  • big data
  • IoTs
  • smart solutions
  • smart metering
  • power electronics
  • artificial intelligence
  • computational techniques

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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28 pages, 8338 KiB  
Article
A Dynamic Modeling Approach: Simplifying DFIG Theory, Simulation, and Analysis
by Mehmet Dal and Ralph M. Kennel
Energies 2025, 18(2), 282; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18020282 - 10 Jan 2025
Viewed by 575
Abstract
The operation and modelling of doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) are quite different in grid-connected and stand-alone operated wind energy conversion systems (WECSs). Researchers usually simulate DFIGs in these operations using the pre-built models provided in commercial software, which are built using complex [...] Read more.
The operation and modelling of doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) are quite different in grid-connected and stand-alone operated wind energy conversion systems (WECSs). Researchers usually simulate DFIGs in these operations using the pre-built models provided in commercial software, which are built using complex modeling techniques that most researchers in the field are unfamiliar with. In this paper, a simple and easy-to-use modeling approach based on the basic dynamic voltage equations of an induction machine (IM) is proposed to provide a more physical and practical understanding of the dynamic behavior of DFIGs, considering the difference between stand-alone and grid-connected operations. The basic theory and various dynamic models of DFIGs are reviewed and discussed to clarify the complexity of using alternative reference frame coordinates and various state variables in these models. A generic fifth-order DFIG model that is defined in an arbitrary general reference coordinate frame is considered. It is a flux-based model that allows for change in the parameters of the DFIG online and can be used only for grid-connected operations under control. In addition, this model is expanded to be used for stand-alone operation, but can also be used for grid-connected mode operation. The stand-alone model consists of a hybrid modeling approach and more closely resembles the real structure of a stand-alone DFIG system. The modeling technique used for the stand-alone DFIG provides a practical, non-mathematical way to solve the challenge of defining the dynamic equation of the stator voltage when different sizes and types of loads are connected to the stator. Many technical research problems and critical events that are challenging in DFIG-based WECSs can be studied using the proposed simulation models. As pioneering examples, several effective simulations are carried out, aiming to provide new researchers in this field with a more practical, in-depth, and intuitive understanding of the theory and operating principle of DFIGs in both stand-alone and grid-connected operations. The accuracy of the proposed stand-alone model is demonstrated by comparative simulation tests performed in parallel operation with two other pre-built models with the same conditions and power size. Furthermore, both proposed models are validated by simulating them for two different-sized DFIGs of 15 kW and 2 MW. In addition, a real experiment is conducted for the current controlled operation of a stand-alone DFIG using the introduced small-sized laboratory hardware setup. The results obtained through simulations and experiment are presented and discussed. Full article
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36 pages, 10703 KiB  
Article
Design and Development of Grid Connected Renewable Energy System for Electric Vehicle Loads in Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
by Mohd Bilal, Pitshou N. Bokoro and Gulshan Sharma
Energies 2024, 17(16), 4088; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17164088 - 17 Aug 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1285
Abstract
Globally, the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) in the transportation sector represents a significant step towards achieving environmental decarbonization. This shift also introduces a new demand for electric power within the utility grid network. This study focuses on the design and development of [...] Read more.
Globally, the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) in the transportation sector represents a significant step towards achieving environmental decarbonization. This shift also introduces a new demand for electric power within the utility grid network. This study focuses on the design and development of a grid-connected renewable energy system tailored to meet the EV load demands in Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The integration of renewable energy sources, specifically solar photovoltaic (SPV) and wind turbines (WT), is explored within the context of economic feasibility and system reliability. Key considerations include optimizing the system to efficiently handle the fluctuating demands of EV charging while minimizing reliance on conventional grid power. Economic analyses and reliability assessments are conducted to evaluate the feasibility and performance of the proposed renewable energy system. This article discusses the technical sizing of hybrid systems, energy reduction, and net present cost for the selected location. A rigorous sensitivity analysis is performed to determine the impact of major variables such as inflation rate, real discount rate, solar irradiation, and Lack of Power Supply Probability (LPSP) on system performance. The results demonstrate that the Pufferfish Optimization Algorithm (PFO) significantly outperforms other metaheuristic algorithms documented in the literature, as well as the HOMER software. The study found that the grid-connected renewable energy system is the best option for operating EV charging stations at the selected location. The findings underscore the potential for sustainable energy solutions in urban environments like Taif, highlighting the importance of integrating renewable energy technologies to meet growing energy demands with enhanced economic efficiency and system reliability. This initiative seeks to pave the way for a greener and more resilient energy infrastructure, aligning with global efforts towards sustainable development and clean transportation solutions. Full article
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Review

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28 pages, 13264 KiB  
Review
Cooling Methods for Standard and Floating PV Panels
by Arnas Majumder, Amit Kumar, Roberto Innamorati, Costantino Carlo Mastino, Giancarlo Cappellini, Roberto Baccoli and Gianluca Gatto
Energies 2023, 16(24), 7939; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16247939 - 6 Dec 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2459
Abstract
Energy and water poverty are two main challenges of the modern world. Most developing and underdeveloped countries need more efficient electricity-producing sources to overcome the problem of potable water evaporation. At the same time, the traditional way to produce energy/electricity is also responsible [...] Read more.
Energy and water poverty are two main challenges of the modern world. Most developing and underdeveloped countries need more efficient electricity-producing sources to overcome the problem of potable water evaporation. At the same time, the traditional way to produce energy/electricity is also responsible for polluting the environment and damaging the ecosystem. Notably, many techniques have been used around the globe, such as a photovoltaic (PV) cooling (active, passive, and combined) process to reduce the working temperature of the PV panels (up to 60 °C) to improve the system efficiency. For floating photovoltaic (FPV), water cooling is mainly responsible for reducing the panel temperature to enhance the production capacity of the PV panels, while the system efficiency can increase up to around 30%. At the same time, due to the water surface covering, the water loss due to evaporation is also minimized, and the water evaporation could be minimized by up to 60% depending on the total area covered by the water surfaces. Therefore, it could be the right choice for generating clean and green energy, with dual positive effects. The first is to improve the efficiency of the PV panels to harness more energy and minimize water evaporation. This review article focuses mainly on various PV and FPV cooling methods and the use and advantages of FPV plants, particularly covering efficiency augmentation and reduction of water evaporation due to the installation of PV systems on the water bodies. Full article
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