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Advanced Techniques for the Modeling and Simulation of Energy Networks

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2021) | Viewed by 15648

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
Interests: modeling and simulation of circuits and systems; complex systems and graph-based approaches; uncertainty quantification; behavioral modeling; electromagnetic compatibility and signal integrity; compact modeling of electrical and gas networks; switching power converters; power line communication channels

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Guest Editor
Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
Interests: surrogate modeling; machine learning; inverse models; uncertainty quantification; modeling and simulation of dynamical systems; switching power converters; electromagnetic compatibility

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The need for a “smarter” energy grid infrastructure, with large-scale integration of renewables and a better demand-response mechanism, is leading to an ever-increasing complexity of next-generation energy networks. These networks are characterized by the increasing role of the intertwinement between different domains (e.g., electrical and gas) and a number of peculiar features, including large size, the interconnection of heterogeneous objects (e.g., distributed renewable sources), and a stochastic behavior due to the fluctuating customer demand and other external conditions affecting power generation and consumption. All the above features make the design, the optimization, and the monitoring of energy networks extremely challenging, thus motivating the demand for advanced modeling and simulation approaches able to accurately and inexpensively predict the network behavior for functional applications and reliability assessment. This Special Issue is tailored to contributions bringing together expertise from multiple domains, ranging from the generation of compact surrogates of electrical power networks to the application of machine learning and data-driven techniques in energy demand prediction or uncertainty quantification, as well as including possible novel concepts for high-level (e.g., graph-based) approaches for the analysis of a multi-energy scenario.

As the Guest Editors, we encourage scientists and application engineers to submit theoretical and applied contributions, as well as review articles, to this Special Issue of Energies on the subject “Advanced Techniques for the Modeling and Simulation of Energy Networks”. Topics of interest for publication include but are not limited to advanced simulation and modeling methods for complex energy problems, soft computing and artificial intelligence in energy systems, machine learning, multi-energy systems, co-simulation, distributed energy resources, and energy demand prediction.

Prof. Dr. Igor Simone Stievano
Dr. Riccardo Trinchero
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Multi-energy networks
  • Distributed energy resources
  • Design and optimization in energy systems
  • Parametric Models
  • Co-simulation
  • Energy forecasting (production, consumption, and demand)
  • Machine learning
  • Uncertainty quantification.

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 164 KiB  
Editorial
Advanced Techniques for the Modeling and Simulation of Energy Networks
by Igor Simone Stievano and Riccardo Trinchero
Energies 2023, 16(5), 2324; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16052324 - 28 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1216
Abstract
The need for a “smarter” energy grid infrastructure, with the large-scale integration of renewables and a better demand–response mechanism, is leading to an ever-increasing complexity of next-generation energy networks [...] Full article

Research

Jump to: Editorial

32 pages, 38827 KiB  
Article
Modelling Long-Term Transition from Coal-Reliant to Low-Emission Power Grid and District Heating Systems in Poland
by Marcin Jaskólski and Paweł Bućko
Energies 2021, 14(24), 8389; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14248389 - 13 Dec 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2398
Abstract
Energy systems require technological changes towards climate neutrality. In Poland, where the power system is dominated by outdated coal-fired power plants, efforts to minimize the environmental impact are associated with high costs. Therefore, optimal paths for the development of the energy sector should [...] Read more.
Energy systems require technological changes towards climate neutrality. In Poland, where the power system is dominated by outdated coal-fired power plants, efforts to minimize the environmental impact are associated with high costs. Therefore, optimal paths for the development of the energy sector should be sought in order to achieve ambitious long-term strategic goals, while minimizing the negative impact on the consumers’ home budget. A methodology and a model for the development of the electricity and heat generation structure were developed and implemented in market allocation (MARKAL) modelling framework. Two scenarios were presented, i.e., business as usual (BAU) and withdrawal from coal (WFC) scenarios. The calculations showed a significant role of nuclear energy and offshore wind power in the pursuit of climate neutrality of electricity generation. In the BAU scenario, the model proposes to stay with coal technologies using carbon capture and storage systems. Withdrawal from coal (WFC scenario) makes it necessary to replace them by gas-fired power plants with CO2 sequestration. Solar energy can be used both in electricity and district heating. In order to build on the latter technological option, appropriate energy storage techniques must be developed. Geothermal energy is expected to be the key option for district heat generation in the long-term horizon. The proposed development paths guarantee a significant reduction in greenhouse gases and industrial emissions. However, complete climate neutrality is uncertain, given the current degree and dynamics of technological development. Full article
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17 pages, 3519 KiB  
Article
A Statistical Assessment of Blending Hydrogen into Gas Networks
by Enrico Vaccariello, Riccardo Trinchero, Igor S. Stievano and Pierluigi Leone
Energies 2021, 14(16), 5055; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14165055 - 17 Aug 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2599
Abstract
The deployment of low-carbon hydrogen in gas grids comes with strategic benefits in terms of energy system integration and decarbonization. However, hydrogen thermophysical properties substantially differ from natural gas and pose concerns of technical and regulatory nature. The present study investigates the blending [...] Read more.
The deployment of low-carbon hydrogen in gas grids comes with strategic benefits in terms of energy system integration and decarbonization. However, hydrogen thermophysical properties substantially differ from natural gas and pose concerns of technical and regulatory nature. The present study investigates the blending of hydrogen into distribution gas networks, focusing on the steady-state fluid dynamic response of the grids and gas quality compliance issues at increasing hydrogen admixture levels. Two blending strategies are analyzed, the first of which involves the supply of NG–H2 blends at the city gate, while the latter addresses the injection of pure hydrogen in internal grid locations. In contrast with traditional case-specific analyses, results are derived from simulations executed over a large number (i.e., one thousand) of synthetic models of gas networks. The responses of the grids are therefore analyzed in a statistical fashion. The results highlight that lower probabilities of violating fluid dynamic and quality restrictions are obtained when hydrogen injection occurs close to or in correspondence with the system city gate. When pure hydrogen is injected in internal grid locations, even very low volumes (1% vol of the total) may determine gas quality violations, while fluid dynamic issues arise only in rare cases of significant hydrogen injection volumes (30% vol of the total). Full article
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25 pages, 9992 KiB  
Article
Deep Learning for High-Impedance Fault Detection: Convolutional Autoencoders
by Khushwant Rai, Farnam Hojatpanah, Firouz Badrkhani Ajaei and Katarina Grolinger
Energies 2021, 14(12), 3623; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14123623 - 18 Jun 2021
Cited by 40 | Viewed by 3212
Abstract
High-impedance faults (HIF) are difficult to detect because of their low current amplitude and highly diverse characteristics. In recent years, machine learning (ML) has been gaining popularity in HIF detection because ML techniques learn patterns from data and successfully detect HIFs. However, as [...] Read more.
High-impedance faults (HIF) are difficult to detect because of their low current amplitude and highly diverse characteristics. In recent years, machine learning (ML) has been gaining popularity in HIF detection because ML techniques learn patterns from data and successfully detect HIFs. However, as these methods are based on supervised learning, they fail to reliably detect any scenario, fault or non-fault, not present in the training data. Consequently, this paper takes advantage of unsupervised learning and proposes a convolutional autoencoder framework for HIF detection (CAE-HIFD). Contrary to the conventional autoencoders that learn from normal behavior, the convolutional autoencoder (CAE) in CAE-HIFD learns only from the HIF signals eliminating the need for presence of diverse non-HIF scenarios in the CAE training. CAE distinguishes HIFs from non-HIF operating conditions by employing cross-correlation. To discriminate HIFs from transient disturbances such as capacitor or load switching, CAE-HIFD uses kurtosis, a statistical measure of the probability distribution shape. The performance evaluation studies conducted using the IEEE 13-node test feeder indicate that the CAE-HIFD reliably detects HIFs, outperforms the state-of-the-art HIF detection techniques, and is robust against noise. Full article
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21 pages, 1938 KiB  
Article
Handling Initial Conditions in Vector Fitting for Real Time Modeling of Power System Dynamics
by Tommaso Bradde, Samuel Chevalier, Marco De Stefano, Stefano Grivet-Talocia and Luca Daniel
Energies 2021, 14(9), 2471; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14092471 - 26 Apr 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2331
Abstract
This paper develops a predictive modeling algorithm, denoted as Real-Time Vector Fitting (RTVF), which is capable of approximating the real-time linearized dynamics of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) dynamical systems via rational transfer function matrices. Based on a generalization of the well-known Time-Domain Vector Fitting [...] Read more.
This paper develops a predictive modeling algorithm, denoted as Real-Time Vector Fitting (RTVF), which is capable of approximating the real-time linearized dynamics of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) dynamical systems via rational transfer function matrices. Based on a generalization of the well-known Time-Domain Vector Fitting (TDVF) algorithm, RTVF is suitable for online modeling of dynamical systems which experience both initial-state decay contributions in the measured output signals and concurrently active input signals. These adaptations were specifically contrived to meet the needs currently present in the electrical power systems community, where real-time modeling of low frequency power system dynamics is becoming an increasingly coveted tool by power system operators. After introducing and validating the RTVF scheme on synthetic test cases, this paper presents a series of numerical tests on high-order closed-loop generator systems in the IEEE 39-bus test system. Full article
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16 pages, 2824 KiB  
Article
Gaussian Copula Methodology to Model Photovoltaic Generation Uncertainty Correlation in Power Distribution Networks
by Harshavardhan Palahalli, Paolo Maffezzoni and Giambattista Gruosso
Energies 2021, 14(9), 2349; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14092349 - 21 Apr 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2570
Abstract
Deterministic load flow analyses of power grids do not include the uncertain factors that affect the network elements; hence, their predictions can be very unreliable for distribution system operators and for the decision makers who deal with the expansion planning of the power [...] Read more.
Deterministic load flow analyses of power grids do not include the uncertain factors that affect the network elements; hence, their predictions can be very unreliable for distribution system operators and for the decision makers who deal with the expansion planning of the power network. Adding uncertain probability parameters in the deterministic load flow is vital to capture the wide variability of the currents and voltages. This is achieved by probabilistic load flow studies. Photovoltaic systems represent a remarkable source of uncertainty in the distribution network. In this study, we used a Gaussian copula to model the uncertainty in correlated photovoltaic generators. Correlations among photovoltaic generators were also included by exploiting the Gaussian copula technique. The large sets of samples generated with a statistical method (Gaussian copula) were used as the inputs for Monte Carlo simulations. The proposed methodologies were tested on two different networks, i.e., the 13 node IEEE test feeder and the non-synthetic European low voltage test network. Node voltage uncertainty and network health, measured by the percentage voltage unbalance factor, were investigated. The importance of including correlations among photovoltaic generators is discussed. Full article
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