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Energies
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CO2 Based Energy Harvesting and Storage Systems
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CO2 Based Energy Harvesting and Storage Systems

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "B: Energy and Environment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2021) | Viewed by 10071

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Andrea De Pascale

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
Interests: thermodynamics of advanced energy systems; advanced gas turbines; CHP and micro-CHP systems; renewable-based and waste heat-recovery technologies; micro-generators; ORC technology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Maria Alessandra Ancona

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy
Interests: cogeneration; hydrogen; energy production and distribution optimization; heat recovery; district heating; power-to-gas; power-to-X; smart energy districts; distributed generation; renewables
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The issue of carbon emission reduction by many industrial processes and human activities leads to the necessity to cope with CO2 release, by introducing new processes focused on good practice through reusing and recycling. The available CO2 could be also seen as an opportunity, and not simply as a problem. Among the possibilities, CO2 can be used as a reactant for power production in many advanced energy systems or as a storage and operating medium for waste heat recovery. Some examples of conceived advanced solutions are supercritical CO2 cycles for heat recovery and power production, electrolysis and power-to-gas technologies fed by CO2 for energy storage, energy districts integrated with CO2 and biomethane sources and small-scale energy generation/storage.

In the future, all or some of these technologies can play an increasing role within the energy generation sector and they can help to achieve carbon footprint reduction targets in many industrial processes. In particular, the state-of-the-art techniques, in many cases, still require improvements; efficient and low-cost components are not fully developed and problems must be solved. This Special Issue will focus on the current state of the art, and on cutting-edge research activities ongoing in the energy generation and storage sector related to CO2 utilization as key working fluid.  The research articles submitted should shed light on the energy convenience of CO2 utilization in such advanced solutions.

Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to:

  • Advanced thermodynamic cycles;
  • Supercritical CO2 cycles;
  • Power-to-gas and gas-to-power storage systems;
  • Fuel cells and electrolysis with CO2;
  • New integrations of CO2 capture and energy systems;
  • Combined heat and power generation with CO2;
  • Energy networks with CO2;
  • Biomethane and synthetic methane plants.

Prof. Dr. Andrea De Pascale
Dr. Maria Alessandra Ancona
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • s-CO2
  • thermodynamic cycle
  • waste heat recovery (WHR)
  • power-to-gas (P2G)
  • energy harvesting
  • energy storage
  • fuel cells and electrolysis

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 5202 KiB  
Article
Combustion Characteristics of 0.5 MW Class Oxy-Fuel FGR (Flue Gas Recirculation) Boiler for CO2 Capture
by Joon Ahn and Hyouck-Ju Kim
Energies 2021, 14(14), 4333; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144333 - 18 Jul 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2985
Abstract
A 0.5 MW class oxy-fuel boiler was developed to capture CO2 from exhaust gas. We adopted natural gas as the fuel for industrial boilers and identified characteristics different from those of pulverized coal, which has been studied for power plants. We also [...] Read more.
A 0.5 MW class oxy-fuel boiler was developed to capture CO2 from exhaust gas. We adopted natural gas as the fuel for industrial boilers and identified characteristics different from those of pulverized coal, which has been studied for power plants. We also examined oxy-fuel combustion without flue gas recirculation (FGR), which is not commonly adopted in power plant boilers. Oxy-fuel combustion involves a stretched flame that uniformly heats the combustion chamber. In oxy-natural-gas FGR combustion, water vapor was included in the recirculated gas and the flame was stabilized when the oxygen concentration of the oxidizer was 32% or more. While flame delay was observed at a partial load for oxy-natural-gas FGR combustion, it was not observed for other combustion modes. In oxy-fuel combustion, the flow rate and flame fullness decrease but, except for the upstream region, the temperature near the wall is distributed not lower than that for air combustion because of the effect of gas radiation. For this combustion, while the heat flux is lower than other modes in the upstream region, it is more than 60% larger in the downstream region. When oxy-fuel and FGR combustion were employed in industrial boilers, more than 90% of CO2 was obtained, enabling capture, sequestration, and boiler performance while satisfying exhaust gas regulations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue CO2 Based Energy Harvesting and Storage Systems)
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22 pages, 6533 KiB  
Article
Systematic Comparison of ORC and s-CO2 Combined Heat and Power Plants for Energy Harvesting in Industrial Gas Turbines
by Maria Alessandra Ancona, Michele Bianchi, Lisa Branchini, Andrea De Pascale, Francesco Melino, Antonio Peretto and Noemi Torricelli
Energies 2021, 14(12), 3402; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14123402 - 9 Jun 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3074
Abstract
Gas turbine power plants are widely employed with constrained efficiency in the industrial field, where they often work under variable load conditions caused by variations in demand, leading to fluctuating exhaust gas temperatures. Suitable energy harvesting solutions can be identified in bottoming cycles, [...] Read more.
Gas turbine power plants are widely employed with constrained efficiency in the industrial field, where they often work under variable load conditions caused by variations in demand, leading to fluctuating exhaust gas temperatures. Suitable energy harvesting solutions can be identified in bottoming cycles, such as the conventional Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC) or the innovative supercritical CO2 (s-CO2) systems. This paper presents a detailed comparison of the potential of ORC and s-CO2 as bottomers of industrial gas turbines in a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) configuration. Different gas turbine models, covering the typical industrial size range, are taken into account and both full- and part-load operations are considered. Performance, component dimensions, and operating costs are investigated, considering ORC and s-CO2 systems specifics in line with the current state-of-the-art products, experience, and technological limits. Results of the study show that the s-CO2 could be more appropriate for CHP applications. Both the electric and thermal efficiency of s-CO2 bottoming cycle show higher values compared with ORC, also due to the fact that in the examined s-CO2 solution, the cycle pressure ratio is not affected by the thermal user temperature. At part-load operation, the gas turbine regulation strategy affects the energy harvesting performance in a CHP arrangement. The estimated total plant investment cost results to be higher for the s-CO2, caused by the higher size of the heat recovery heat exchanger but also by the high specific investment cost still associated to this component. This point seems to make the s-CO2 not profitable as the ORC solution for industrial gas turbine heat recovery applications. Nevertheless, a crucial parameter determining the feasibility of the investment is the prospective carbon tax application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue CO2 Based Energy Harvesting and Storage Systems)
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12 pages, 2611 KiB  
Article
Experimental Determination of CO2 Diffusion Coefficient in a Brine-Saturated Core Simulating Reservoir Condition
by Zerong Li, Lei Yuan, Guodong Sun, Junchen Lv and Yi Zhang
Energies 2021, 14(3), 540; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14030540 - 21 Jan 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3223
Abstract
CO2 diffusion coefficient plays a crucial part in saline aquifers for the CO2 storage and the safety of long-term sequestration. Therefore, it is particularly important to measure the diffusion coefficient accurately. As far as we know, there are currently no CO [...] Read more.
CO2 diffusion coefficient plays a crucial part in saline aquifers for the CO2 storage and the safety of long-term sequestration. Therefore, it is particularly important to measure the diffusion coefficient accurately. As far as we know, there are currently no CO2 brine diffusion data in real cores under reservoir temperature and pressure conditions. In this paper, a study on the CO2 diffusion coefficient diffused in a brine-saturated Berea core along the radial direction was conducted at temperatures of 313.15 K to 373.15 K and pressures of 8 MPa to 30 MPa. On account of the experimental results, the effect of permeability, NaCl concentration, temperature and pressure on the CO2 diffusivity is analyzed. The results in this study indicate that the diffusion coefficient increases with increasing permeability, pressure and temperature and decreases with increasing NaCl concentration. However, the relationship between pressure and the diffusion coefficient is not linear. As the pressure gradually increases, the effect of pressure will become weak. In addition, an empirical correlation of the relationship between temperature–pressure and the CO2 diffusion coefficient could be obtained based on the experimental data. The data in this paper fill the blank on the study of the CO2 diffusivity in brine under reservoir conditions, which has positive significance for the study of supercritical CO2 diffusion in a brine-saturated core. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue CO2 Based Energy Harvesting and Storage Systems)
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