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Advances in DC Technology for Modern Power Systems
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Advances in DC Technology for Modern Power Systems

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F1: Electrical Power System".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (12 June 2023) | Viewed by 10205

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yizhen Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Smart Grid of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Interests: VSC-based DC power transmission and distribution technology; HVDC; DC grids; renewable energy integration
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yu Wang

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
Interests: power electronics and flexible DC power transmission and distribution technology; renewable energy generation and energy storage system operation and control
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ming Lei

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Interests: modeling and control of multilevel converters; HVDC technology; power quality control

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the context of carbon neutralization, the integration of large-scale renewable energy sources is essential and will fundamentally shape modern power systems. DC technology is a promising solution for resolving the technical challenges associated with renewable energy integration due to its outstanding features, such as its capabilities of active control of power flow, power quality improvement, short-circuit current isolation and the prevention of possible cascading failures. There is substantial research on various DC apparatus; DC system operations, control and protection; and DC system modeling and simulation, which is currently developing worldwide. The objective of this Special Issue is to promote the research, innovation and application of the key challenges and enabling technologies for the development of DC technology in modern power systems.

Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to:

  • Converter technologies;
  • Architectures of DC grid and hybrid AC–DC grids;
  • DC system protection and grounding;
  • Stability issues for power electronics-intensive DC grids;
  • Modeling and simulations of DC systems;
  • Power flow, voltage and frequency support, ancillary service provision of DC systems;
  • Operation, dynamic and control of DC systems;
  • Power quality problems;
  • Demonstration and laboratory projects of DC systems.

Prof. Dr. Yizhen Wang
Dr. Yu Wang
Dr. Ming Lei
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • DC converter
  • stability analysis
  • stability control
  • fault analysis
  • protection
  • power quality
  • modeling
  • architecture
  • ancillary service provision

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 1767 KiB  
Article
Waveform-Similarity-Based Protection Scheme for AC Transmission Lines of MMC-HVDC System with Offshore Wind Farms
by Yijun Wang, Yizhen Wang, Nan Ma, Rui Zeng and Zhiqian Wang
Energies 2022, 15(23), 9107; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15239107 - 1 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1118
Abstract
The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has become a very promising technology for long-distance and large-capacity transmission of offshore wind power. However, both sides of the AC transmission line at the sending end are controllable electronic power devices, resulting in difficulty in fault identification [...] Read more.
The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has become a very promising technology for long-distance and large-capacity transmission of offshore wind power. However, both sides of the AC transmission line at the sending end are controllable electronic power devices, resulting in difficulty in fault identification and inapplicability of traditional differential protection schemes. In order to solve this problem, a wave-similarity-based protection scheme is proposed for AC transmission line faults. Firstly, the symmetrical and asymmetrical fault current characteristics of the double-fed induction generator (DFIG) and MMC are studied, indicating that the fault current characteristics are obviously different from the synchronous units. Secondly, the wave-similarity-based protection scheme is proposed based on the different wave forms of the fault currents of the MMC and DFIG. When the similarity coefficient is less than the margin coefficient, there is a fault in this phase. Moreover, the proposed wave-similarity-based protection scheme can identify all types of short-circuit faults correctly and is not affected by the transition resistance. Finally, simulations of an MMC-HVDC system with offshore wind farms are conducted to validate the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed protection scheme. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in DC Technology for Modern Power Systems)
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16 pages, 2525 KiB  
Article
Fault Location Based on Comprehensive Grey Correlation Degree Analysis for Flexible DC Distribution Network
by Tianxiang Ma, Ziqi Hu, Yan Xu and Haoran Dong
Energies 2022, 15(20), 7820; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207820 - 21 Oct 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1657
Abstract
Flexible DC distribution networks have a strong capacity for new energy consumption and have received extensive attention from scholars in recent years, but fault location for DC distribution lines is a difficult task. To solve this problem, we propose using a comprehensive grey [...] Read more.
Flexible DC distribution networks have a strong capacity for new energy consumption and have received extensive attention from scholars in recent years, but fault location for DC distribution lines is a difficult task. To solve this problem, we propose using a comprehensive grey correlation degree analysis to analyze the similarity of aerial mode traveling differential current waveforms at the first and last ends of a DC line, thus achieving fault location by obtaining the optimal time shift. Additionally, we built a six-terminal flexible DC distribution network model in Matlab/Simulink for simulation and validation, showing that the method can complete the rapid and accurate location of all types of faults on a DC line, and that it possesses an anti-transition resistance capability, making it suitable and highly reliable for cases of low sampling frequency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in DC Technology for Modern Power Systems)
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23 pages, 4404 KiB  
Article
Monopolar Grounding Fault Location Method of DC Distribution Network Based on Improved ReliefF and Weighted Random Forest
by Yan Xu, Ziqi Hu and Tianxiang Ma
Energies 2022, 15(19), 7261; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15197261 - 3 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1412
Abstract
Compared with the pole-to-pole short circuit, the fault characteristics are not obvious when a monopolar grounding fault occurs in a DC distribution network, and it is difficult to locate the fault accurately. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a fault location method [...] Read more.
Compared with the pole-to-pole short circuit, the fault characteristics are not obvious when a monopolar grounding fault occurs in a DC distribution network, and it is difficult to locate the fault accurately. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a fault location method based on improved ReliefF and Weighted random forest (WRF). The 24 time and frequency-domain fault features of the postfault aerial mode current are calculated, and the most useful features are selected to form the optimal feature subset for input to the fault location estimator. In this paper, the ReliefF algorithm is utilized for automatic feature selection and obtaining the weights of features. In addition, the WRF algorithm is used to build the fault location estimator. Considering the fault location, fault resistance, noise and time window length, the Matlab/Simulink simulation platform is used to simulate the fault situation and compare it with other algorithms. The simulation results show that the average positioning error of the fault location method is less than 0.1%, which is not affected by the fault resistance and has strong robustness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in DC Technology for Modern Power Systems)
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12 pages, 2803 KiB  
Article
Current Source Converter as an Effective Interface to Interconnect Microgrid and Main Grid
by Yu Xue, Yongfeng Ren, Jinwei He, Hao Wang and Hongjie Jia
Energies 2022, 15(17), 6447; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15176447 - 3 Sep 2022
Viewed by 1406
Abstract
Back-to-back current source converters play an important role in high power applications. However, this back-to-back converter system uses a larger number of power switches, which is associated with more cost and the power density of the converter system can be affected. To address [...] Read more.
Back-to-back current source converters play an important role in high power applications. However, this back-to-back converter system uses a larger number of power switches, which is associated with more cost and the power density of the converter system can be affected. To address this issue, in this paper, a novel nine-switch back-to-back current source converter is proposed. To realize proper modulation of this nine-switch converter system, the concept of ampere balance is revisited at first. Then, its relationship with the traditional modulation scheme is revealed. Moreover, based on the ampere balance, the real-time dwell time calculation method is developed, where the tracking of rectifier current and inverter current is taken into consideration simultaneously. Finally, simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed modulation scheme. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in DC Technology for Modern Power Systems)
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11 pages, 3751 KiB  
Article
Improved Frequency Control Strategy for Offshore Wind Farm Integration via VSC-HVDC
by Rui Zeng and Yizhen Wang
Energies 2022, 15(17), 6363; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15176363 - 31 Aug 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1546
Abstract
Voltage source converter based high voltage DC system (VSC-HVDC) has become a very promising solution to integrate offshore wind farm. However, the equivalent inertia of the modern power system with large renewable energy integration becomes small, which will arouse some frequency stability problems. [...] Read more.
Voltage source converter based high voltage DC system (VSC-HVDC) has become a very promising solution to integrate offshore wind farm. However, the equivalent inertia of the modern power system with large renewable energy integration becomes small, which will arouse some frequency stability problems. To tackle this problem, this paper proposes an improved frequency regulation strategy for VSC-HVDC integrated offshore wind farm. Firstly, in the frequency decrease stage, the rotor kinetic energy of wind turbines (WTs) is used to suppress the decrease of the frequency, and the control parameters are determined to make full use of the mechanical power and rotor kinetic energy of WTs, the frequency nadir is improved. Secondly, in the rotor speed recovery stage, the DC capacitors of VSC-HVDC are used to release power to compensate the deficiency value of wind farm output power and avoid the secondary frequency drop (SFD) problem. Lastly, the simulation is conducted in PSCAD/EMTDC to validate the effectiveness of the proposed coordinated frequency control strategy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in DC Technology for Modern Power Systems)
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23 pages, 6573 KiB  
Article
Energy Efficiency Evaluation and Revenue Distribution of DC Power Distribution Systems in Nearly Zero Energy Buildings
by Keteng Jiang, Haibo Li, Xi Ye, Yi Lei, Keng-Weng Lao, Shuqing Zhang and Xianfa Hu
Energies 2022, 15(15), 5726; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155726 - 6 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2353
Abstract
With the advantage of integrating distributed energy, storage and DC load with high efficiency, the DC distribution network recently attracted wide attention in the field of nearly zero energy buildings. Considering the large number of buildings and the enormous energy-saving potential, the distribution [...] Read more.
With the advantage of integrating distributed energy, storage and DC load with high efficiency, the DC distribution network recently attracted wide attention in the field of nearly zero energy buildings. Considering the large number of buildings and the enormous energy-saving potential, the distribution form and the revenue distribution are key factors affecting energy efficiency and operational economy. Aiming at the characteristics of AC and DC distribution topologies in nearly zero energy buildings, an energy efficiency evaluation method is proposed based on time-sequential power flow simulation, where the piecewise linear efficiency function of converters and dynamic line power loss model are established. Based on a DC distribution demonstration project, an AC power distribution system with the same boundary conditions is designed. The results show that the efficiency of DC distribution topology is about 6% higher than the AC system, while the efficiency advantage in office, hotel, commercial, educational and residential buildings in Beijing, Shenzhen and Shanghai varies from 0.6–4.96%, which shows a high correlation with the proportion of a high-power load, with Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.794. With the increase of DC load ratio and distributed power supply access capacity, the efficiency of the system will be improved accordingly. On the basis of this, a method to equalize DC distribution income in the nearly zero energy buildings power market is proposed. In addition, 15 typical scenarios of different cities were selected to evaluate efficiency and influencing factors. Finally, assessing the multi-stakeholder impact of DC retrofitting to balance the revenue generated by the DC distribution model suggests that transport costs should be raised by 8.2–13.1% to balance revenue with the equipment prices decreased by about 0.1 yuan/W. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in DC Technology for Modern Power Systems)
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