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Advances in Waste Heat Recovery and Integrated Energy Systems
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Advances in Waste Heat Recovery and Integrated Energy Systems

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "I2: Energy and Combustion Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 May 2025 | Viewed by 4196

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Fabrizio Reale

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Energy and Mobility, STEMS-CNR, 80125 Naples, Italy
Interests: numerical modelling of WHR and integrated energy systems based on gas turbines; ORC; sCO2 gas turbines and of micro gas turbines fuelled with biofuels or hydrogen-methane blends
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Teresa Castiglione

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical, Energy and Management Engineering, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 44 C, 87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy
Interests: spark ignition engines; control systems; thermal management; renewable energy; computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the context of energy transition and decarbonization, the recovery of waste heat from industrial processes and energy system exhausts can significantly reduce the overall energy consumption and enhance the engines performance. This applies to both stationary or mobile applications (e.g., marine engines). 

At the same time, the integration of different energy systems, considering both renewable and non-renewable sources, provides to improving the power and efficiency of the energy systems, also limiting the greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions.

Additionally, the integration and the hybridization enhance flexibility and versatility, overcoming constraints related to availability and programmability through poly-generation and the utilization of various energy sources.

Accordingly, a Special Issue focusing on the advantages of Waste Heat Recovery and Integrated Energy Systems acquire great importance in the overmentioned fields and may encompass research employing both numerical modelling and experimental approaches.

For instance, the Special Issue will delve into topics like Organic Rankine cycles, Kalina cycles, supercritical CO2 gas turbines, closed Brayton cycles, steam Rankine cycles, Stirling engines, and cascade power cycles, as concern the waste heat recovery.

Exploring the integration of various energy systems, the Special Issue will delve into Combined Cycle Gas Turbines (CCGT), Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC), Combined Heat and Power systems (CHP), hybrid energy grids, hybridization of renewable sources with fossil and traditional fuels, solar-assisted gas turbines, externally fired gas turbines, and power-to-gas applications. The focus may also extend to the combined use of different fuels, incorporating the integration of the energy system with gasification and methanation systems and with other applications.

Dr. Fabrizio Reale
Dr. Teresa Castiglione
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • waste heat recovery
  • hybrid energy systems
  • integrated energy system
  • combined cycle gas turbine
  • integrated gasification combined cycle
  • ORC
  • organic rankine cycle
  • steam rankine cycle
  • supercritical CO2 gas turbine
  • power-to-gas
  • solar assisted gas turbine
  • combined heat and power system
  • closed brayton cycle
  • stirling engine
  • marine engines
  • kalina cycle
  • hybrid energy grid

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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20 pages, 2612 KiB  
Article
Dual-Stage Energy Recovery from Internal Combustion Engines
by Davide Di Battista, Federico Di Prospero, Giammarco Di Giovine, Fabio Fatigati and Roberto Cipollone
Energies 2025, 18(3), 623; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18030623 - 29 Jan 2025
Viewed by 320
Abstract
Waste heat recovery is one of the most investigated solutions for increasing the efficiency of powertrains in the transportation sector. A major portion of thermal energy is wasted via exhaust gases. Almost one third of fuel energy is lost, and its recovery as [...] Read more.
Waste heat recovery is one of the most investigated solutions for increasing the efficiency of powertrains in the transportation sector. A major portion of thermal energy is wasted via exhaust gases. Almost one third of fuel energy is lost, and its recovery as propulsion energy is a promising goal. Moreover, this enables the increased electrification or hybridization of powertrains, assuming the energy recovered is converted into electrical form and used to fulfill different vehicles’ needs. The present study focuses on a dual-stage energy recovery system designed to enhance the efficiency of internal combustion engines (ICEs) in heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs). The system combines a turbocompound unit for direct heat recovery (DHR) and an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for indirect heat recovery (IHR). These technologies aim to exploit waste heat from exhaust gases, converting it into electrical energy. In this regard, electrical energy can be stored in a battery for it to be available for the energy needs of powertrains that use hybrid propulsion and for driving pumps and compressors on board, following recent technologies of auxiliaries on demand. The proposed setup was modeled and analyzed under off-design conditions to evaluate energy recovery potential and engine performance impacts. From this point of view, in fact, any device that operates on exhaust gas introduces a pressure loss, increasing engine backpressure, whose effect is an increase in specific fuel consumption. An estimate of this negative effect is presented in this paper based on experimental data measured in a F1C IVECO™ engine. An average net recovery of 5–6% of engine power has been demonstrated, with an important prevalence of the turbocompound with respect to the ORC section. The results demonstrate the viability of integrating DHR and IHR stages, with implications for advancing sustainable transportation technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Waste Heat Recovery and Integrated Energy Systems)
30 pages, 9019 KiB  
Article
Modeling the Optimal Transition of an Urban Neighborhood towards an Energy Community and a Positive Energy District
by Diego Viesi, Gregorio Borelli, Silvia Ricciuti, Giovanni Pernigotto and Md Shahriar Mahbub
Energies 2024, 17(16), 4047; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17164047 - 15 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1145
Abstract
Building renovation is a key initiative to promote energy efficiency, the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs), and a reduction in CO2 emissions. Supporting these goals, emerging research is dedicated to energy communities and positive energy districts. In this work, an urban [...] Read more.
Building renovation is a key initiative to promote energy efficiency, the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs), and a reduction in CO2 emissions. Supporting these goals, emerging research is dedicated to energy communities and positive energy districts. In this work, an urban neighborhood of six buildings in Trento (Italy) is considered. Firstly, the six buildings are modeled with the Urban Modeling Interface tool to evaluate the energy performances in 2024 and 2050, also accounting for the different climatic conditions for these two time periods. Energy demands for space heating, domestic hot water, space cooling, electricity, and transport are computed. Then, EnergyPLAN coupled with a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is used to investigate 12 different energy decarbonization scenarios in 2024 and 2050 based on different boundaries for RESs, energy storage, hydrogen, energy system integration, and energy community incentives. Two conflicting objectives are considered: cost and CO2 emission reductions. The results show, on the one hand, the key role of sector coupling technologies such as heat pumps and electric vehicles in exploiting local renewables and, on the other hand, the higher costs in introducing both electricity storage to approach complete decarbonization and hydrogen as an alternative strategy in the electricity, thermal, and transport sectors. As an example of the quantitative valuable finding of this work, in scenario S1 “all sectors and EC incentive” for the year 2024, a large reduction of 55% of CO2 emissions with a modest increase of 11% of the total annual cost is identified along the Pareto front. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Waste Heat Recovery and Integrated Energy Systems)
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16 pages, 3850 KiB  
Article
A Hybrid Energy System Based on Externally Fired Micro Gas Turbines, Waste Heat Recovery and Gasification Systems: An Energetic and Exergetic Performance Analysis
by Fabrizio Reale and Patrizio Massoli
Energies 2024, 17(15), 3621; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17153621 - 24 Jul 2024
Viewed by 936
Abstract
The opportunities related to the adoption of synthetic gaseous fuels derived from solid biomass are limited by the issues caused by the peculiarities of the syngas. The aim of this paper is to analyze several possible layouts of hybrid energy systems, in which [...] Read more.
The opportunities related to the adoption of synthetic gaseous fuels derived from solid biomass are limited by the issues caused by the peculiarities of the syngas. The aim of this paper is to analyze several possible layouts of hybrid energy systems, in which the main thermal source is the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes. The case of a small community of about 1000 persons is analyzed in this paper. The examined layouts coupled an externally fired micro gas turbine with a waste heat recovery system based on both an Organic Rankine Cycle and supercritical CO2 gas turbines. A thermodynamic analysis has been carried out through the use of the commercial software Thermoflex 31, considering the losses of each component and the non-ideal behavior of the fluids. The results of the numerical analysis highlight that the introduction of a waste heat recovery system leads to an increase of at least 16% in the available net power, while a cascade hybrid energy grid can lead to a power enhancement of about 29%, with a considerable increase also in the energetic and exergetic global efficiencies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Waste Heat Recovery and Integrated Energy Systems)
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26 pages, 5563 KiB  
Article
Solar-Powered Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power Energy System with Phase-Change Material and Water Electrolysis: Thermo-Economic Assessment and Optimization
by Koorosh Aieneh, Sadegh Mehranfar, Mohammad Yazdi Sotoude, Shayan Sadeghi and Amin Mahmoudzadeh Andwari
Energies 2024, 17(13), 3309; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17133309 - 5 Jul 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1240
Abstract
A solar-powered combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) plant integrated with a water electrolysis unit is investigated in terms of energy, exergy, and exergo-economic (3E) assessments. A comprehensive parametric study and optimization is conducted following the thermodynamic and exergo-economic assessment of the proposed [...] Read more.
A solar-powered combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) plant integrated with a water electrolysis unit is investigated in terms of energy, exergy, and exergo-economic (3E) assessments. A comprehensive parametric study and optimization is conducted following the thermodynamic and exergo-economic assessment of the proposed system to evaluate the key performance parameters of the system for efficiency and economic factors. This system employs a heliostat field and a receiver tower by taking advantage of thermal energy from the sun and produces a continuous energy supply with an integrated phase-change material (PCM) tank to store the heat. In addition, a supercritical CO2 Rankine cycle (RC), an ejector refrigeration cooling (ERC) system, and a PEM water electrolyzer are coupled to produce cooling, heating, power, and hydrogen. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that the system exergy efficiency and energy efficiency are improved to 33.50% and 40.61%, respectively, while the total cost rate is 2875.74 USD/h and the total product cost per exergy unit is 25.65 USD/GJ. Additionally, the system produces a net generated power, heating load, and cooling load of 11.70, 13.92, and 2.60 MW, respectively, and a hydrogen production rate of 12.95 g/s. A two-objective optimization approach utilizing a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA) was performed, demonstrating that the system’s ideal design point offers a cost rate of 1263.35 USD/h and an exergetic efficiency of 34.17%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Waste Heat Recovery and Integrated Energy Systems)
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