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19 pages, 337 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Importance of Machine Modernization in Energy Efficiency Management of Manufacturing Companies

by Monika Górska and Marta Daroń

Energies 2021, 14(24), 8383; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14248383 - 13 Dec 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2467

Abstract

Saving energy and looking for alternative energy sources are both elements of energy efficiency management, which is still a significant challenge for many companies around the world. Unfortunately, energy efficiency in companies is often equated only with thermo-modernization or the replacement of lighting. [...] Read more.

Saving energy and looking for alternative energy sources are both elements of energy efficiency management, which is still a significant challenge for many companies around the world. Unfortunately, energy efficiency in companies is often equated only with thermo-modernization or the replacement of lighting. However, one of the most important methods of improving energy use in manufacturing companies may be the modernization of the machine park. Therefore, the main purpose of the paper was to investigate the activities of enterprises in the field of the modernization of machines and the impact of this on the actual improvement of energy efficiency. The modernization of machines in production plants is understood as adapting new parts to the old device or rebuilding the machine in such a way that it can cooperate with its new subassemblies. Companies usually decide to modernize the machinery fleet, bearing in mind the benefits of production efficiency, and they do not always combine this modernization with energy efficiency improvement measures. This is confirmed by the presented results of a survey conducted with a group of 111 manufacturing companies. Several important statistical relationships in the studied area were indicated by conducting an analysis based on the chi-square test and, in some cases, by clarifying the results of the z-test with the Bonferroni correction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

15 pages, 278 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Competency Gaps of Employees in the Construction Sector in Terms of the Requirements of a Low-Carbon Economy. Polish and Czech Case

by Honorata Howaniec, Łukasz Krzysztof Wróblewski and Hana Štverková

Energies 2021, 14(23), 7868; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14237868 - 24 Nov 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2169

Abstract

Environmental policy obliges modern society to transition to a low-carbon economy. After entering to life, the Paris Agreement obligated the signatories to prepare the first nationally determined contributions (NDCs). The NDCs aim first to reduce greenhouse gas emission targets under the UNFCCC and [...] Read more.

Environmental policy obliges modern society to transition to a low-carbon economy. After entering to life, the Paris Agreement obligated the signatories to prepare the first nationally determined contributions (NDCs). The NDCs aim first to reduce greenhouse gas emission targets under the UNFCCC and they apply equally to both developed and developing countries. Countries voluntarily indicate what actions will be taken to achieve the declared goals. The construction sector is an industry that is under scrutiny due to its negative impact on the environment, but it also has the potential to reduce it. Activities that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions can be carried out at various levels in the construction industry. One of them is the appropriate preparation of the staff, including equipping them with the so-called green skills. This research aimed to determine the competency gaps of people employed in the construction industry, including competencies in the field of low-emission economy. For the purposes of the study, a questionnaire survey was carried out in Poland and the Czech Republic and based on the results obtained the appropriate competencies were determined that should be possessed by people employed in the construction sector, including competencies related to a low-emission economy. Competency profiles for people employed in the construction sector were built and competency gaps of these people were determined. In both countries, no competencies have been identified in any of checked areas that meet or exceed the requirements of managers according to specific competency profiles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

21 pages, 2998 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Machine-Learning-Based Carbon Footprint Management in the Frozen Vegetable Processing Industry

by Magdalena Scherer and Piotr Milczarski

Energies 2021, 14(22), 7778; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14227778 - 19 Nov 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2238

Abstract

In the paper, we present a method of automatic evaluation and optimization of production processes towards low-carbon-emissions products. The method supports the management of production lines and is based on unsupervised machine learning methods, i.e., canopy, k-means, and expectation-maximization clusterization algorithms. For different [...] Read more.

In the paper, we present a method of automatic evaluation and optimization of production processes towards low-carbon-emissions products. The method supports the management of production lines and is based on unsupervised machine learning methods, i.e., canopy, k-means, and expectation-maximization clusterization algorithms. For different production processes, a different clustering method may be optimal. Hence, they are validated by classification methods (k-nearest neighbors (kNN), multilayer perceptron (MLP), binary tree C4.5, random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM)) that identify the optimal clusterization method. Using the proposed method with real-time production parameters for a given process, we can classify the process as optimal or non-optimal on an ongoing basis. The production manager can react appropriately to sub-optimal production processes. If the process is not optimal, then during the process the manager or production technologist may change the production parameters, e.g., speed up or slow down certain batches, so that the process returns to the optimal path. This path is determined by a model trained via the proposed method based on the selected clustering method. The method is verified on an onion production line with more than a hundred processes and then applied to production lines with a smaller number of cases. We use data from real-world measurements from a frozen food production plant. Our research demonstrates that proper process management using machine learning can result in a lower carbon footprint per ton of the final product. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

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17 pages, 344 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Poland’s Energy Transition on the Strategies of Fossil Fuel Sector Companies—The Example of PKN Orlen Group

by Joanna Wiśniewska and Joanna Markiewicz

Energies 2021, 14(22), 7474; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14227474 - 9 Nov 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2425

Abstract

Sustainability and decarbonisation are buzzwords in today’s economy. The fossil fuel sector has had a great impact on development of many countries and it is interesting how this sector is going to survive in the era of climate neutrality imposed by the European [...] Read more.

Sustainability and decarbonisation are buzzwords in today’s economy. The fossil fuel sector has had a great impact on development of many countries and it is interesting how this sector is going to survive in the era of climate neutrality imposed by the European and national decarbonisation policies. PKN Orlen is one of the largest industrial corporations in Poland and Central Europe representing the energy and fossil fuel sector. The article sets out to identify the main areas of PKN Orlen’s strategic plans resulting from the energy transition process in Poland. For this reason, the research question posed in this study is: to what extent and in what direction has Poland’s energy policy influenced the new strategy of PKN Orlen? Poland’s most recent energy policy was adopted in 2021, therefore an attempt to assess the impact of this policy on the strategy of a large player in the fossil fuel sector in such a short time horizon proves the originality of the study. The applied methodological approach, including case study, comparative analysis, and in-depth interview, was determined by the specific nature of the research problem and the fact that the analyzed sector and entity are strategic from the point of view of the country’s economy, which imposes the confidentiality of some data related to the study and determines the possibility of making them public. As shown by the research, PEP2040 had an indirect impact on shaping the strategy of PKN Orlen, while the main source of knowledge about the current and future trends is the analysis, evaluation and synthesis of various sources of information, including those from consulting companies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

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15 pages, 929 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluating Consumers’ Adoption of Renewable Energy

by Bilal Khalid, Mariusz Urbański, Monika Kowalska-Sudyka, Elżbieta Wysłocka and Barbara Piontek

Energies 2021, 14(21), 7138; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14217138 - 1 Nov 2021

Cited by 28 | Viewed by 4844

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the consumers’ adoption of renewable energy in Poland. The study focused on finding out the factors that influence the adoption of the technology, considering its importance in conserving the environment. The study was conducted using [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the consumers’ adoption of renewable energy in Poland. The study focused on finding out the factors that influence the adoption of the technology, considering its importance in conserving the environment. The study was conducted using a quantitative method, with primary data collected from 467 households using renewable energy technology in Poland. The research adopted the TAM model. The independent variables of the study included renewable energy initial cost, environmental concern, risk and trust for renewable energy, ease of use, financial incentives, and relative advantage. The dependent variable was renewable energy adoption. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyze the study hypotheses. The research found out that environmental concerns, ease of use, financial incentives, and relative advantage have a positive and significant influence on adoption of renewable energy technology in Poland. However, renewable energy initial cost and risk, and trust for renewable energy did not significantly influence renewable energy adoption. The study recommended that the stakeholders should consider the aspects of environmental concern as a key role player in pushing for adoption of renewable energy. The government, non-governmental organizations, and concerned stakeholders should consider giving incentives towards renewable energy adoption. Creating awareness regarding the benefits and strengths of renewable energy should be prioritized to the households. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

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23 pages, 1060 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Managing the Energy Transition through Discourse. The Case of Poland

by Joanna Krzywda, Dariusz Krzywda and Armenia Androniceanu

Energies 2021, 14(20), 6471; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14206471 - 10 Oct 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3645

Abstract

Since energy transition has become a necessity, many countries are developing decarbonization plans and looking for ways to reduce CO₂ emissions. The process takes different forms, most often being affected by local conditions, which means that it takes place in each country [...] Read more.

Since energy transition has become a necessity, many countries are developing decarbonization plans and looking for ways to reduce CO₂ emissions. The process takes different forms, most often being affected by local conditions, which means that it takes place in each country differently, due to the country’s social and economic specifics. One of the countries that has just started its energy transition process is Poland. The case of Poland is extremely interesting, as it is a country whose economy is still heavily dependent on coal and there are very strong traditions related to this particular source of energy. On the other hand, Poland has two very good reasons to move away from coal. The complexity and comprehensiveness of the energy transition results, among other things, from the diversity of actors involved in this issue and the multiplicity of their, often conflicting, interests. Using a critical discourse analysis, this paper attempts to show how those actors attempt to shape the transition through the discourses which they generate. The study covers the media discourse that took place in Poland between September 2020 and May 2021, i.e., a time when the Polish government negotiated with representatives of the miners’ trade unions the terms of Poland’s transition from coal. A critical analysis of the texts that appeared in the media during this time provides a picture of how different groups of social actors perceive the transition and how they try to manage that process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

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19 pages, 750 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Factors Influencing Consumer’s Adoption of Renewable Energy

by William Philip Wall, Bilal Khalid, Mariusz Urbański and Michal Kot

Energies 2021, 14(17), 5420; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14175420 - 31 Aug 2021

Cited by 62 | Viewed by 11306

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the factors that influence the consumer adoption of renewable energy in Thailand. The study adopted an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) by including three additional variables. The study applied a quantitative study methodology, with [...] Read more.

The objective of this study was to investigate the factors that influence the consumer adoption of renewable energy in Thailand. The study adopted an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) by including three additional variables. The study applied a quantitative study methodology, with primary data collected using a survey of consumers in five major cities in Thailand. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings of the study indicated that perception of self-effectiveness, environmental concern, renewable energy awareness, and beliefs about renewable energy benefits have a significant and positive effect on consumers’ intention to adopt renewable energy. The cost of renewable was found to have a negative but non-significant influence on consumers’ adoption of renewable energy, while risk/trust perception was found to have a positive but non-significant influence on consumers’ adoption of renewable energy. The study concluded that stakeholders should take into account the aspects of perception of self-effectiveness, environmental concern, renewable energy awareness, and beliefs about renewable energy benefits when running campaigns to promote the consumer adoption of renewable energy in Thailand Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

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21 pages, 787 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Leadership Competencies in Making Industry 4.0 Effective: The Case of Polish Heat and Power Industry

by Anna Kwiotkowska, Bożena Gajdzik, Radosław Wolniak, Jolita Vveinhardt and Magdalena Gębczyńska

Energies 2021, 14(14), 4338; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144338 - 19 Jul 2021

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4660

Abstract

Leadership competencies are of crucial importance in every organisation as to a large extent they determine its success. This is especially evident in the time of Industry 4.0. Given this fact, the aim of our paper is to examine the relationship between leadership [...] Read more.

Leadership competencies are of crucial importance in every organisation as to a large extent they determine its success. This is especially evident in the time of Industry 4.0. Given this fact, the aim of our paper is to examine the relationship between leadership competencies and 4.0 leadership effectiveness. The heat and power plants industry was chosen as the subject of our research. The fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fs/QCA) was used as the research method. It enabled us not only to analyse particular variables, competences, and typical statistical relations between them, but we also revealed the patterns of causal relationships between particular variables. The key finding of our research was the juxtaposition of leadership competencies that are indispensable for 4.0 leaders in the CHP plants. We also found out that managerial competencies were not sufficient, and they should be supported by intellectual or socio-emotional ones. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

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16 pages, 1311 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Link between Technically Derived Energy Efficiency and Ecological Footprint: Empirical Evidence from the ASEAN Region

by Dilawar Khan, Muhammad Nouman, József Popp, Muhammad Asif Khan, Faheem Ur Rehman and Judit Oláh

Energies 2021, 14(13), 3923; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14133923 - 30 Jun 2021

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 2429

Abstract

The sustainable environment has been a desired situation around the world for the last few decades. Environmental contaminations can be a consequence of various economic activities. Different socio-economic factors influence the environment positively or negatively. Many previous studies have resulted in the efficient [...] Read more.

The sustainable environment has been a desired situation around the world for the last few decades. Environmental contaminations can be a consequence of various economic activities. Different socio-economic factors influence the environment positively or negatively. Many previous studies have resulted in the efficient allocation of inputs as an environment-friendly component. This paper investigates the effects of energy efficiency on ecological footprint in the ASEAN region using balanced panel data from 2001 to 2019. First, this paper technically derives the energy efficiency, using the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) of the translog production type of single output and multiple inputs. Findings of the SFA show that the Philippines and Singapore have the highest energy efficiency (94%) and Laos has the lowest energy efficiency (85%) in the ASEAN region. The estimated average efficiency score of the ASEAN region was around 90%, ranging from 85% to 96%, indicating that there is still 10% room for improvement in energy efficiency. Second, this study employed the panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to explore the short run and long run impact of technically derived energy efficiency on ecological footprint in the ASEAN region. Results of the panel ARDL model show that energy efficiency is a reducing factor of ecological footprint in the long run. Moreover, energy efficiency plays a significant role to control the environmental contaminations. In addition, results of this study also explored that urbanization is an increasing factor of ecological footprint, and investment in agriculture is also beneficial for the environment. Moreover, to obtain the directional nature of the associations between the ecological footprint and its independent variables, this paper has employed the paired-panel Granger causality test. The results of the paired wise panel Granger causality test also confirm that the energy efficiency, urbanization, and investment in agriculture cause ecological footprint. Finally, this study recommends that efficient utilization of energy resources as well as investment in agriculture are necessary for sustainable environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

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19 pages, 2209 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing the Flexibility of Renewable Energy Multinational Corporations

by Iurii Prokazov, Vladimir Gorbanyov, Vadim Samusenkov, Irina Razinkina and Monika Chłąd

Energies 2021, 14(13), 3865; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14133865 - 27 Jun 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2667

Abstract

Currently, international business and society are on the eve of large-scale changes. The study aims to develop a methodological approach to assess the energy flexibility of multinational corporations in the context of the structural transformation management of renewable energy production. The methodology of [...] Read more.

Currently, international business and society are on the eve of large-scale changes. The study aims to develop a methodological approach to assess the energy flexibility of multinational corporations in the context of the structural transformation management of renewable energy production. The methodology of this study is based on a comprehensive approach, which includes the methodology of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), diagnostics of the level of development and energy flexibility of multinational corporations, regression analysis and scenario modeling. In particular, scenario analysis of renewable energy development in countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and economic analysis of projects for the development of corporate renewable energy industry were carried out. The results showed that the Russian renewable energy business is flexible enough for changes; however, at the same time, changes are needed in the national legislation, the basics of work, the national energy market; the conditions should be formed for the development of this business, a green tariff on a market basis should be formed, etc. The scientific contribution of this study is the proposed indicator in the form of the Multinational Corporation Energy Flexibility Index. It provides an opportunity to diagnose the agility of multinational corporations’ development, taking into account changes in their production structure. The developments obtained in the course of the work can be applied for studies related to assessing the flexibility of national energy systems, as well as in the practice of managing multinational corporations operating in the field of renewable energy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

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14 pages, 1460 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Management of the Energy and Economic Potential of Nuclear Waste Use

by Bader Alshuraiaan, Sergey Pushkin, Anastasia Kurilova and Magdalena Mazur

Energies 2021, 14(12), 3709; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14123709 - 21 Jun 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3077

Abstract

Recently, issues related to the effects (benefit or harm) of processing nuclear waste and its further use as fuel have been increasingly often raised in the scientific discussion. In this regard, the research aims to investigate issues related to the assessment of the [...] Read more.

Recently, issues related to the effects (benefit or harm) of processing nuclear waste and its further use as fuel have been increasingly often raised in the scientific discussion. In this regard, the research aims to investigate issues related to the assessment of the economic potential of nuclear waste use, as well as the cooperation between states in the context of the reduction of risks associated with nuclear waste storage and processing. The research methodology is based on an integrated approach, including statistical, factor analysis, and the proposed system of performance indicators for managing spent nuclear fuel use. The research was carried out on the basis of materials from Russia and the EU countries. In the course of the study, a model of cooperation between states has been developed (based on the example of technologies and methods of processing nuclear waste used in the EU and Russia) according to the nuclear waste (spent nuclear fuel) management algorithm. The model considers the risks and threats associated with ecology and safety. The developments and other results described in the study should be used in further research devoted to the use of nuclear waste as heat-producing elements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

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25 pages, 311 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Can Mixed-Ownership Reform Drive the Green Transformation of SOEs?

by Runsen Yuan, Chunling Li, Nian Li, Muhammad Asif Khan, Xiaoran Sun and Nosherwan Khaliq

Energies 2021, 14(10), 2964; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14102964 - 20 May 2021

Cited by 31 | Viewed by 4259

Abstract

In the construction of ecological civilization, green innovation has become an important driving force for the sustainable development of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). This paper uses panel data of state-owned listed enterprises from 2008 to 2019 to explore mixed-ownership reform’s influence on the green [...] Read more.

In the construction of ecological civilization, green innovation has become an important driving force for the sustainable development of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). This paper uses panel data of state-owned listed enterprises from 2008 to 2019 to explore mixed-ownership reform’s influence on the green transformation of SOEs and its specific mechanisms. The results show that the diversity of mixed shareholders, the depth of mixed equity, and the restriction of mixed equity significantly promote the SOEs’ green innovation. Moreover, there are distinctions in the impact of the shareholding ratio of heterogeneous shareholders on green innovation. Only the increase in the shareholding ratio of foreign shareholders has a positive correlation with green innovation. The mechanism tests indicate that the mixed-ownership reform plays a governance role in the green transformation of SOEs by optimizing the reasonable allocation of environmental protection subsidies and propelling environmental social responsibility’s active performance. Our study further subdivides the significant promotion effect of mixed-ownership reform on green innovation, finding that it only exists in the SOEs in heavily polluting industries and regions with a high degree of marketization. Finally, we find that the ownership structure adjustment caused by the mixed-ownership reform has improved SOEs’ environmental management system and facilitated its sustainable development capabilities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

13 pages, 425 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Application of the BORUTA Algorithm to Input Data Selection for a Model Based on Rough Set Theory (RST) to Prediction Energy Consumption for Building Heating

by Tomasz Szul, Sylwester Tabor and Krzysztof Pancerz

Energies 2021, 14(10), 2779; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14102779 - 12 May 2021

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3977

Abstract

Energy prediction used for building heating has attracted particular attention because it is often required in the development of various strategies to improve the energy efficiency of buildings, especially those undergoing thermal improvements. The complexity, dynamics, uncertainty, and nonlinearity of existing building energy [...] Read more.

Energy prediction used for building heating has attracted particular attention because it is often required in the development of various strategies to improve the energy efficiency of buildings, especially those undergoing thermal improvements. The complexity, dynamics, uncertainty, and nonlinearity of existing building energy systems create a great need for modeling techniques. One of them is machine learning models, which are based on input data consisting of features that describe the objects under study. The data describing actual buildings used to build the model may be characterized by missing values, duplicate or inconsistent features, noise, and outliers. Therefore, an extremely important aspect of the prediction model development effort is the proper selection of features to simplify the prediction of energy consumption for heating. In this connection, the goal was to evaluate the usefulness of a model describing the final energy demand rate for building heating using groups of features describing actual residential buildings undergoing thermal retrofit. The model was created by combining two algorithms: the BORUTA feature selection algorithm, which prepares conditional variables corresponding to features for a prediction model based on rough set theory (RST). The research was conducted on a group of 109 multi-family buildings from the end of the last century (made in large-panel technology), thermomodernized at the beginning of the 21st century. Evaluation metrics such as MAPE, MBE, CV RMSE, and R², which are adopted as statistical calibration standards by ASHRAE, were used to assess the quality of the developed prediction model. The analysis of the obtained results indicated that the model based on RST, based on the features selected by the BORUTA algorithm, gives a satisfactory prediction quality with a limited number of input variables, and thus allows to predict energy consumption (after thermal improvement) for this type of buildings with high accuracy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

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16 pages, 9842 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Application of the Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Modeling to Forecast Energy Efficiency in Real Buildings Undergoing Thermal Improvement

by Tomasz Szul, Krzysztof Nęcka and Stanisław Lis

Energies 2021, 14(7), 1920; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14071920 - 30 Mar 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2321

Abstract

Energy efficiency in the building industry is related to the amount of energy that can be saved through thermal improvement. Therefore, it is important to determine the energy saving potential of the buildings to be thermally upgraded in order to check whether the [...] Read more.

Energy efficiency in the building industry is related to the amount of energy that can be saved through thermal improvement. Therefore, it is important to determine the energy saving potential of the buildings to be thermally upgraded in order to check whether the set targets for the amount of energy saved will be reached after the implementation of corrective measures. In real residential buildings, when starting to make energy calculations, one can often encounter the problem of incomplete architectural documentation and inaccurate data characterizing the object in terms of thermal (thermal resistance of partitions) and usable (number of inhabitants). Therefore, there is a need to search for methods that will be suitable for quick technical analysis of measures taken to improve energy efficiency in existing buildings. The aim of this work was to test the usefulness of the type Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models of inference model for predicting the energy efficiency of actual residential buildings that have undergone thermal improvement. For the group of 109 buildings a specific set of important variables characterizing the examined objects was identified. The quality of the prediction models developed for various combinations of input variables has been evaluated using, among other things, statistical calibration standards developed by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). The obtained results were compared with other prediction models (based on the same input data sets) using artificial neural networks and rough sets theory. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

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13 pages, 604 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Efficiency of Circular Economies: A Comparison of Visegrád Group Countries

by Roman Lacko, Zuzana Hajduová and Marcin Zawada

Energies 2021, 14(6), 1680; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14061680 - 18 Mar 2021

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 2868

Abstract

Efficiency of circular economies is one of the most important areas of the improvement of economic growth in a circular way, that is, improving worldwide GDP. The issue of circular economies, namely their efficiency, is a current topic of evidence of many literary [...] Read more.

Efficiency of circular economies is one of the most important areas of the improvement of economic growth in a circular way, that is, improving worldwide GDP. The issue of circular economies, namely their efficiency, is a current topic of evidence of many literary sources in the literature. This issue is solved in the conditions of the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary and Slovakia. The goal of the study is to compare the circular efficiency within the Visegrád Group and efficiency of Visegrád Group countries to the European Union 28 average. Data envelopment analysis slack-based models are implemented to evaluate the output efficiencies of the selected subjects. Truncated regression is used to measure the impact of selected indicators on circular efficiency. The Visegrád Group countries are not among the most advanced in terms of recycling and the use of the circular economy, which was confirmed by this research. However, developments suggest significant improvements. The significance of this research lies in several benefits. One of the benefits is the perception of regional differences and the setting of EU cluster policies at the regional level. The idea of changing inputs is very significant since the outputs are oriented to the recycling rates of materials and waste. This research has shown that a higher level of GDP does not necessarily mean a higher level of efficiency of the circular economy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

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19 pages, 258 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Differences in Disclosure of Integrated Reports at Energy and Non-Energy Companies

by Maja Piesiewicz, Marlena Ciechan-Kujawa and Paweł Kufel

Energies 2021, 14(5), 1253; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14051253 - 25 Feb 2021

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2114

Abstract

Integrated reports combine financial and non-financial data into a comprehensive report outlining the company’s value creation process. Our objective is to find the completeness of disclosures, which is a crucial aspect of an integrated report’s quality. This study contributes to the integrated reporting [...] Read more.

Integrated reports combine financial and non-financial data into a comprehensive report outlining the company’s value creation process. Our objective is to find the completeness of disclosures, which is a crucial aspect of an integrated report’s quality. This study contributes to the integrated reporting examination by identifying quantitative and qualitative gaps when applying Integrated Reporting standards, focusing on the energy sector. We conducted the study on 57 published integrated reports of listed companies in Poland. The content of each report was examined for 49 features divided into eight areas. We identify the strengths and weaknesses of current reporting performance and the impact of the company’s sector on reports’ quality. We noted that there are significant differences among the areas. The major problems concern implementing IIRC’s framework on the connections between the business model and the organization’s strategy, risks, opportunities, and performance. Our research also noted that the level of specific disclosures might be related to a company’s ownership structure. We investigated the significance of differences among companies from the energy and non-energy sectors using statistical methods. As a result of the study, we obtained that disclosures’ completeness depends on the operation sector. The companies in the energy sector publish higher-quality integrated reports than companies in the other sectors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

19 pages, 4436 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Forecasting of Energy Demands for Smart Home Applications

by Dhowmya Bhatt, Danalakshmi D, A. Hariharasudan, Marcin Lis and Marlena Grabowska

Energies 2021, 14(4), 1045; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14041045 - 17 Feb 2021

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4087

Abstract

The utilization of energy is on the rise in current trends due to increasing consumptions by households. Smart buildings, on the other hand, aim to optimize energy, and hence, the aim of the study is to forecast the cost of energy consumption in [...] Read more.

The utilization of energy is on the rise in current trends due to increasing consumptions by households. Smart buildings, on the other hand, aim to optimize energy, and hence, the aim of the study is to forecast the cost of energy consumption in smart buildings by effectively addressing the minimal energy consumption. However, smart buildings are restricted, with limited power access and capacity associated with Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) units. It further suffers from low communication capability due to device limitations. In this paper, a balanced deep learning architecture is used to offer solutions to address these constraints. The deep learning algorithm considers three constraints, such as a multi-objective optimization problem and a fitness function, to resolve the price management problem and high-level energy consumption in HVAC systems. The study analyzes and optimizes the consumption of power in smart buildings by the HVAC systems in terms of power loss, price management and reactive power. Experiments are conducted over various scenarios to check the integrity of the system over various smart buildings and in high-rise buildings. The results are compared in terms of various HVAC devices on various metrics and communication protocols, where the proposed system is considered more effective than other methods. The results of the Li-Fi communication protocols show improved results compared to the other communication protocols. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

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21 pages, 4183 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Foreign Direct Investments and Economic Growth on Environmental Degradation: The Case of the Balkans

by Aleksandra Pavlović, Milica Njegovan, Andrea Ivanišević, Mladen Radišić, Aleksandar Takači, Alpar Lošonc and Sebastian Kot

Energies 2021, 14(3), 566; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14030566 - 22 Jan 2021

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3860

Abstract

The aspiration of this study was to examine the impact of foreign direct investments (FDI) and economic growth on environmental degradation in the Balkans for the period 1998–2019. Balkan countries were classified into two groups, high income countries (HIC) and upper-middle income countries [...] Read more.

The aspiration of this study was to examine the impact of foreign direct investments (FDI) and economic growth on environmental degradation in the Balkans for the period 1998–2019. Balkan countries were classified into two groups, high income countries (HIC) and upper-middle income countries (UMIC). Thus, two hypotheses have been set. The effect of FDI on environmental degradation was observed through pollution haven hypothesis (PHH). To examine that connection, we used Pearson correlation for all countries, HIC and UMIC. Furthermore, the impact of economic growth on environmental degradation was tested through the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. For that purpose, polynomial linear regression was applied. In order to examine the dependence of environmental degradation in relation to all predictors in the model, a multivariate linear regression was used. PHH was confirmed in Serbia, Albania, Croatia, Romania, and Bulgaria, the Balkans as a whole, and HIC, and the EKC hypothesis was rejected. This paper represents a contribution to a very scarce number of studies regarding the impact of FDI and economic growth on the environment in the Balkans, as a whole. The results of this study can be useful to policy makers in the terms of inducting stricter environmental rules. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

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16 pages, 3119 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Resource Intensity vs. Investment in Production Installations—The Case of the Steel Industry in Poland

by Bożena Gajdzik and Włodzimierz Sroka

Energies 2021, 14(2), 443; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14020443 - 15 Jan 2021

Cited by 34 | Viewed by 3386

Abstract

Resource intensity is a measure of the resources needed for the production, processing and disposal of good or services. Its level decides on the costs the companies have to bear both for production and for environmental protection, which in turn have a crucial [...] Read more.

Resource intensity is a measure of the resources needed for the production, processing and disposal of good or services. Its level decides on the costs the companies have to bear both for production and for environmental protection, which in turn have a crucial importance for their competitiveness. Given these facts, our study analyses the issues of resource intensity in the Polish steel industry in correlation to investments made, and more specifically, to the impact of investments on the consumption of energy media used during steel production. Its key element is the development of econometric models presenting the impact of investments on resource consumption in steel production in Poland. Electricity and coke consumption were analysed according to manufacturing installation. The research was carried out on the basis of statistical data for the period of 2004–2018. The obtained findings confirmed the impact of the increase in investment on the decrease in the resource intensity in steel production in Poland. These facts have implications for both policy makers, as they confirm the thesis on a direct correlation between investments in technology and a reduction in resource intensity (environmental protection), as well as company managers. In the case of the latter, the data show the actions which companies should focus on in their activities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

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18 pages, 888 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Empirical Research on the Relationship amongst Renewable Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and Foreign Direct Investment in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan

by Janusz Grabara, Arsen Tleppayev, Malika Dabylova, Leonardus W. W. Mihardjo and Zdzisława Dacko-Pikiewicz

Energies 2021, 14(2), 332; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14020332 - 9 Jan 2021

Cited by 54 | Viewed by 5620

Abstract

In this contemporary era, environmental problems spread at different levels in all countries of the world. Economic growth does not just depend on prioritizing the environment or improving the environmental situation. If the foreign direct investment is directed to the polluting industries, they [...] Read more.

In this contemporary era, environmental problems spread at different levels in all countries of the world. Economic growth does not just depend on prioritizing the environment or improving the environmental situation. If the foreign direct investment is directed to the polluting industries, they will increase pollution and damage the environment. The purpose of the study is to consider the relationship between foreign direct investment in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan and economic growth and renewable energy consumption. The study is based on data obtained from 1992 to 2018. The results show that there is a two-way link between foreign direct investment and renewable energy consumption in the considered two countries. The Granger causality test approach is applied to explore the causal relationship between the variables. The Johansen co-integration test approach is also employed to test for a relationship. The empirical results verify the existence of co-integration between the series. The main factors influencing renewable energy are economic growth and electricity consumption. To reduce dependence on fuel-based energy sources, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan need to attract energy to renewable energy sources and implement energy efficiency based on rapid progress. This is because renewable energy sources play the role of an engine that stimulates the production process in the economy for all countries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

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15 pages, 845 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Management and Economic Sustainability of the Slovak Industrial Companies with Medium Energy Intensity

by Róbert Štefko, Petra Vašaničová, Sylvia Jenčová and Aneta Pachura

Energies 2021, 14(2), 267; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14020267 - 6 Jan 2021

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 2935

Abstract

Industry 4.0 and related automation and digitization have a significant impact on competition between companies. They have to deal with the lack of financial resources to apply digital solutions in their businesses. In Slovakia, Industry 4.0 plays an important role, especially in the [...] Read more.

Industry 4.0 and related automation and digitization have a significant impact on competition between companies. They have to deal with the lack of financial resources to apply digital solutions in their businesses. In Slovakia, Industry 4.0 plays an important role, especially in the mechanical engineering industry (MEI). This paper aims to identify the groups of financial ratios that can be used to measure the financial performance of the companies operating in the Slovak MEI. From the whole MEI, we selected the 236 largest non-financial corporations whose ranking we obtained according to the amount of generated revenues in 2017. Using factor analysis, from eleven traditional financial ratios, we extracted four independent factors that measure liquidity (equity to liabilities ratio, quick ratio, debt ratio, net working capital to assets ratio, current ratio), profitability (return on sales, return on investments), indebtedness (financial leverage, debt to equity ratio), and activity (assets turnover, current assets turnover) of the company. Our analysis is an essential prerequisite for developing a realistic financial plan for companies operating in the MEI, especially when considering investments in new technologies related to Industry 4.0. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

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24 pages, 2233 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainable Smart Cities and Energy Management: The Labor Market Perspective

by Olga Pilipczuk

Energies 2020, 13(22), 6084; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13226084 - 20 Nov 2020

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3654

Abstract

Nowadays, sustainability is one of the strategic goals of smart cities. They are the essential solution to creating the sustainable future. On the other hand, the smart city is intended to deal with the problems of energy management. This paper examines the influence [...] Read more.

Nowadays, sustainability is one of the strategic goals of smart cities. They are the essential solution to creating the sustainable future. On the other hand, the smart city is intended to deal with the problems of energy management. This paper examines the influence of the smart sustainable cities concept on energy management from the labor market perspective. The paper fulfills the research gap about energy manager profession transformation considering smart sustainable city concept. The aim of the paper is to create an up-to-date holistic energy manager skill model with a focus on emerging technologies. The skill model reflects the synergy of two methodological approaches: the theoretical and practical approaches. Descriptive statistics are used to present the labor market research results. It is concluded that the core elements of the smart sustainable city concept have an impact on energy management are sustainability and big data. The labor market research also draws differences in the amount and structure of demand on energy manager skills by countries, but at the same time similar skills requirements are found. The skill model of the energy manager profession is built around several main groups associated with specific knowledge, social skills, and behavior skills. The findings of the present research can contribute to knowledge and practice by applying it in the process of developing energy manager competency models in commercial and non-commercial enterprises as well as in education programs and training courses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

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15 pages, 1007 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Power Exchange Prices: Comparison of Volatility in European Markets

by Zorana Božić, Dušan Dobromirov, Jovana Arsić, Mladen Radišić and Beata Ślusarczyk

Energies 2020, 13(21), 5620; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13215620 - 27 Oct 2020

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3616

Abstract

Power exchanges in Europe have been operating since the 1990s, while in the region of Southeast Europe (SEE) they are only a few years old. Volatility is considered to be one of the indicators that define the level of market development. In this [...] Read more.

Power exchanges in Europe have been operating since the 1990s, while in the region of Southeast Europe (SEE) they are only a few years old. Volatility is considered to be one of the indicators that define the level of market development. In this paper, the authors examine 15 power markets in Europe with the novelty of special attention dedicated to the SEE markets, in terms of their volatility. The aim of this paper is to investigate volatility on SEE markets, and their correlation with developed European markets. Power price volatility is measured by price velocity concepts, the daily velocity based on daily/monthly/quarterly/yearly and overall average power prices. The outcomes reveal that power price volatility is higher in new SEE markets than in more mature European markets. The least volatile market is the Greek pool, followed by Switzerland and Austria. The Bulgarian market is the most volatile, followed by that of Romania, and these markets are nearly twice as volatile as the ones previously mentioned. A correlation matrix is carried out and confirms positive correlation between all markets in terms of their average prices. However, a correlation matrix of measured volatilities depicts a negative correlation, in some cases, between SEE and Central European (CE) markets. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

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16 pages, 283 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The DSR Scheme in the Capacity Market of Industrial Enterprises in Poland—Participation Determinants

by Bartosz Jeżyna, Marcin Lis and Agata Mesjasz-Lech

Energies 2020, 13(20), 5462; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13205462 - 19 Oct 2020

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2209

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to present the key differences between the Polish Guaranteed DSR (demand-side response) Scheme operating from 2017 to 2020 and the Polish Capacity Market DSR Scheme operating from 2021, and their impacts on the decision to participate in [...] Read more.

The purpose of this article is to present the key differences between the Polish Guaranteed DSR (demand-side response) Scheme operating from 2017 to 2020 and the Polish Capacity Market DSR Scheme operating from 2021, and their impacts on the decision to participate in the DSR scheme. The present study attempts to compare the rules of the old and new schemes and their impacts on the participation decision depending on the industry of the potential scheme participant. The study was conducted on a group of 50 randomly selected companies. A structured interview was used to collect information, and a chi-quadrant independence test and a Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test were used in the analysis of the collected data. The study was conducted in selected enterprises located in Poland. The results of the study indicate the elements that are similar to the literature on the subject, and key aspects arising from the unique characteristics of the Polish market and the industry of the potential participant. A detailed analysis of the collected data showed that the position of the respondent in the company and the size of the company do not affect the level of knowledge of the DSR market, or the decision concerning cooperation or the manner of reduction. All the respondents have higher opinions about the new Capacity Market DSR Scheme, which confirms the proper direction of the changes in relation to the ending Guaranteed DSR Scheme. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

18 pages, 838 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Impact of COVID-19 on the Level of Energy Poverty in Poland

by Rafal Nagaj and Jaroslaw Korpysa

Energies 2020, 13(18), 4977; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13184977 - 22 Sep 2020

Cited by 47 | Viewed by 5061

Abstract

The main objective of the paper is to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the level of energy poverty in Poland. In order to achieve such a goal, the first part of the article presents the definition of energy poverty and [...] Read more.

The main objective of the paper is to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the level of energy poverty in Poland. In order to achieve such a goal, the first part of the article presents the definition of energy poverty and the nature of its measures, as well as the determinants and policies of the state addressing the issue of energy poverty mitigation. In the second part of the paper, the results of research into the level of energy poverty are analyzed and the variables affecting energy poverty in Poland during the pandemic are determined. It was established on the basis of these results that the present pandemic contributed to the aggravation of financial difficulties in Polish households with regard to financing expenditure on energy carriers. It was found that COVID-19 had a negative impact on the average disposable income of Polish households, which, with the increase in prices and expenditure on energy carriers, led to an increase in the proportion of disposable income spent on energy carriers. The most affected have been the poorest households. Moreover, the long downward trend in the level of energy poverty in Poland has reversed. Thus, it has been proved that COVID-19 has contributed to the intensification of energy poverty in Poland. The theoretical and empirical considerations contained in this paper may be a valuable source of scientific data on the impact of the pandemic on household energy poverty, while public institutions may find them a source of useful information, helping to create effective instruments to mitigate energy poverty in the Polish economy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

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16 pages, 286 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Energy Management in the Operation of Enterprises in the Light of the Applicable Provisions of the Energy Efficiency Directive (2012/27/EU)

by Katarzyna Grondys, Armenia Androniceanu and Zdzisława Dacko-Pikiewicz

Energies 2020, 13(17), 4338; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13174338 - 21 Aug 2020

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 3261

Abstract

One of the ways to sustain development is striving for energy efficiency. This is the purpose of directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency, which aims at explaining and promoting energy–saving and ecological solutions that allow increasing the output of consumed energy. Several years after [...] Read more.

One of the ways to sustain development is striving for energy efficiency. This is the purpose of directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency, which aims at explaining and promoting energy–saving and ecological solutions that allow increasing the output of consumed energy. Several years after implementation, it is possible to assess the directive’s usefulness and completeness in a few areas of the economy, in particular in the operation of enterprises, which substantially contribute to the global energy consumption. Therefore, the purpose of the study was defined as an assessment of the execution of the concept of energy efficiency in business operations in EU countries, in accordance with the assumptions of directive 2012/27/EU. The collected raw data were derived from surveys gathered in the process of public consultations of the European Commission regard directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency. Resulting observations were analysed using the basic methods of descriptive statistics, along with a factor analysis. A logistic regression model was applied to identify the dependencies between the provisions of the directive and the motivation of enterprises to manage energy. As a result of conducted analyses, conclusions were drawn up concerning the assessment of the content of the directive in regard to activities undertaken by EU enterprises to the favour of effective energy management. Obtained results suggest that there is a need to introduce changes in the provisions of the directive, preceded by consultations with the EU business environment. The analysed literature concerning this issue demonstrates that the effectiveness of energy management is taken into consideration from this angle for the first time in our studies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

13 pages, 242 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Global Indicators of Sustainable Development: Evaluation of the Influence of the Human Development Index on Consumption and Quality of Energy

by Alexei Yumashev, Beata Ślusarczyk, Sergey Kondrashev and Alexey Mikhaylov

Energies 2020, 13(11), 2768; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13112768 - 1 Jun 2020

Cited by 177 | Viewed by 10559

Abstract

The article explores the impact of the quality and volume of energy consumption of the population on the human development index using a sample of a number of countries as an example. The hypothesis concerning the relationship between the amount of energy consumed, [...] Read more.

The article explores the impact of the quality and volume of energy consumption of the population on the human development index using a sample of a number of countries as an example. The hypothesis concerning the relationship between the amount of energy consumed, the human development index (HDI), and the environment (CO₂ emissions into the atmosphere) has been verified. The study results show that the size and rating of the HDI are influenced by such factors as urbanization growth, gross domestic product (GDP), gross national income (GNI) per capita, the share of “clean” energy consumption by the population and business in total energy consumption, the level of socio-economic development, and R&D expenses. In the course of building the model, the recommendations by the United Nations (UN) and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) were used. The results show that the volume of energy consumption not only affects the human development index in a particular country, but is also an important factor in determining the level of sustainable development. The results, obtained in the course of the study and described in the article, may be applicable in the practice of research related to the assessment of human development and sustainable development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

20 pages, 1539 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Energy Efficiency in Transportation along with the Belt and Road Countries

by Usman Akbar, József Popp, Hameed Khan, Muhammad Asif Khan and Judit Oláh

Energies 2020, 13(10), 2607; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13102607 - 20 May 2020

Cited by 34 | Viewed by 4561

Abstract

China’s huge investment in the “belt and road initiative” (BRI) may have helped improve the economic level of participating countries, but it may also be accompanied by a substantial increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The BRI corridors aim to bring regional stability [...] Read more.

China’s huge investment in the “belt and road initiative” (BRI) may have helped improve the economic level of participating countries, but it may also be accompanied by a substantial increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The BRI corridors aim to bring regional stability and prosperity. In such efforts, energy efficiency due to increased transport has been overlooked in the recent literature. This paper employed a data envelopment analysis of the slack-based measurement (SBM) for bad output to assess the transport energy efficiency of 19 countries under the BRI economic corridors. By using the most cited transport-related input variables, such as vehicles, labor, motor oil, jet fuel, and natural gas, this study first analyzes the transport energy efficiency by first assuming the output variables individually and then takes two years as a pre- and post-BRI case by considering the aggregated output model. The results show an increase in economic activity but a decline in transport energy efficiency in terms of consumption and emissions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

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22 pages, 882 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Case Study of LightStay (2010–2017)—Hilton’s Corporate Responsibility Management System

by Piotr Zientara, Paulina Bohdanowicz-Godfrey, Claire Whitely and Grzegorz Maciejewski

Energies 2020, 13(9), 2303; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13092303 - 6 May 2020

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 9332

Abstract

This paper focuses on Hilton’s proprietary sustainability performance measurement system (SPMS) called LightStay (2010–2017). It draws on the case-study method and relies on three principal sources of information: in-house documents, a questionnaire completed by users of LightStay and interviews conducted with external experts. [...] Read more.

This paper focuses on Hilton’s proprietary sustainability performance measurement system (SPMS) called LightStay (2010–2017). It draws on the case-study method and relies on three principal sources of information: in-house documents, a questionnaire completed by users of LightStay and interviews conducted with external experts. Specifically, the paper traces the system’s evolution and highlights its distinctive features, exploring the challenges and trade-offs related to the design and workings of an SPMS in a hotel multinational. The study shows, among other things, how LightStay, using an internationally approved methodology of data collection, calculation, metrics and benchmarking, compares a hotel’s predicted and actual environmental performance. It concludes by arguing that LightStay is a holistic platform that not only integrates precise measurement of the firm’s environmental effects with its business operations and strategic goals but also acts as a repository of sustainability knowledge and a facilitator of organisational learning. Its value and originality lie in providing unique insights into the workings of a proprietary SPMS at a nonanonymised hotel company. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

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19 pages, 4484 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modelling the Non-Linear Energy Intensity Effect Based on a Quantile-on-Quantile Approach: The Case of Textiles Manufacturing in Asian Countries

by Muhammad Haseeb, Sebastian Kot, Hafezali Iqbal Hussain, Leonardus WW Mihardjo and Piotr Saługa

Energies 2020, 13(9), 2229; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13092229 - 3 May 2020

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4089

Abstract

The objective of the current examination is to identify the dynamic relationship between the textile industry and energy intensity. The study evaluates the asymmetric impact of textile manufacturing on energy intensity in leading Asian economies based on textile dominance. China, Indonesia, India, Pakistan, [...] Read more.

The objective of the current examination is to identify the dynamic relationship between the textile industry and energy intensity. The study evaluates the asymmetric impact of textile manufacturing on energy intensity in leading Asian economies based on textile dominance. China, Indonesia, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Malaysia, South Korea, Thailand, Japan and Vietnam are dominant in textile manufacturing. In the present study we used yearly textiles and clothing data from top ten selected Asian textile manufacturing countries from 1990 to 2018. The results of quantile-on-quantile regression (QQ) confirmed that textiles and clothing (T&C) production have a positive and significant impact on energy intensity in all countries. The results further suggested that a low level of T&C production increases the level of energy intensity in all selected countries. On the other hand, the results of Granger causality in quantiles confirm a bidirectional causal relationship between T&C production and energy intensity in all selected countries except Thailand and Japan, where a uni-directional causal connection between textile and clothing manufacturing and energy intensity can also be found. This study recommends that governments and investors need to invest more in green and advanced technologies to reduce the energy intensity in Asian economies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

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20 pages, 5125 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ukraine Energy Sector Management Using Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems

by Oleksandr Sabishchenko, Rafał Rębilas, Norbert Sczygiol and Mariusz Urbański

Energies 2020, 13(7), 1776; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13071776 - 7 Apr 2020

Cited by 52 | Viewed by 5699

Abstract

The Ukrainian energy sector is one of the most inflexible energy sectors in the world as a result of the almost complete depreciation of the equipment of the main sources of power supply: nuclear, thermal, and hydropower. In connection with existing problems, there [...] Read more.

The Ukrainian energy sector is one of the most inflexible energy sectors in the world as a result of the almost complete depreciation of the equipment of the main sources of power supply: nuclear, thermal, and hydropower. In connection with existing problems, there is a need to develop and use new energy-saving technologies based on renewable energy sources. In this proposed research, a regression model of renewable energy growth in the energy sector of Ukraine was developed. The studied literature reveals that the independent use of individual functioning elements of renewable energy sources function as the primary power source that is not an optimal solution for stable energy supply. This study proposes the use of hybrid renewable energy systems, namely a combination of two or more renewable energy sources that will help each other to achieve higher energy efficiency, accelerate the growth of renewable energy in the share of the Ukrainian energy sector and/or improve functioning with battery energy storages. Moreover, the use of hybrid renewable energy systems in Ukraine will reduce the human impact on the environment, realize the potential of local renewable energy resources and also increase the share of electricity generation from renewable energy sources. Therefore, mechanisms for managing state regulation of stimulating the development of hybrid renewable energy systems have been developed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

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13 pages, 2817 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Management of Smart Switchboard Placement to Enhance Distribution System Reliability

by Peter Holcsik, Judith Pálfi, Miklos Tompa, Janusz Grabara, Zsolt Čonka, Michal Kolcun, Mihai Avornicului and Karol Jędrasiak

Energies 2020, 13(6), 1406; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13061406 - 18 Mar 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2400

Abstract

One way of handling short-time short-circuits without causing equipment failure is the management of the reclose function integrated into smart switchboard which is described in this article. Due to the cost of the application, the optimal placement of such equipment must be well-planned. [...] Read more.

One way of handling short-time short-circuits without causing equipment failure is the management of the reclose function integrated into smart switchboard which is described in this article. Due to the cost of the application, the optimal placement of such equipment must be well-planned. During the planning of the placement optimization of a low-voltage electricity network quality, the increase of the consumer supply security must be considered along with the best economic utilization. The research presented in this article aims to introduce a new special decision support methodology calculated with these variables. The management of smart switchboard (SSB) tool installation into low voltage (LV) network was investigated. The selection of the placement nodes is based on the complex investigation of the network characteristics. Investigation is performed by empiric analysis. This method can support the power companies to make the optimal decision. The presented new device can have outstanding importance for the electric industry and for further research as no testing results of such investigations have been published yet. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

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17 pages, 2127 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

An Investigation of an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System to Predict the Relationship among Energy Intensity, Globalization, and Financial Development in Major ASEAN Economies

by Hafezali Iqbal Hussain, Beata Slusarczyk, Fakarudin Kamarudin, Hassanudin Mohd Thas Thaker and Katarzyna Szczepańska-Woszczyna

Energies 2020, 13(4), 850; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13040850 - 15 Feb 2020

Cited by 63 | Viewed by 4806

Abstract

The enhancement of the financial sector significantly drives a nation’s economy and thereby increase energy intensity. Considering this situation, the current study aims to examine the link between globalization and financial advancements with the energy intensity of the top 5 ASEAN (Association of [...] Read more.

The enhancement of the financial sector significantly drives a nation’s economy and thereby increase energy intensity. Considering this situation, the current study aims to examine the link between globalization and financial advancements with the energy intensity of the top 5 ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) economies. The development structure of the ASEAN region is considered significant for having stable growth. The authors used the annual data from 1990 to 2018 for five of the largest ASEAN economies: Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines. The present study used novel methodology, the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), to examine the nonlinear behaviour among globalization, financial development, and energy intensity in the top 5 ASEAN countries. The study results using ANFIS confirm that globalization and financial development are positively correlated and have a significant impact on the energy intensity level in the top ASEAN countries. The results further suggest that globalization and financial development increase the level of energy intensity more in the countries that are developed relative to their peers in the top ASEAN countries. Moreover, the outcomes of ANFIS also suggest that those countries, which are more globalized and financially developed, have more potential to increase the level of energy intensity. Therefore, the government needs to focus more on projects that involve renewable energy and are environmentally friendly. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

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23 pages, 1789 KiB

Open AccessReview

Positioning Bio-Based Energy Systems in a Hypercomplex Decision Space—A Case Study

by Judit Oláh, József Popp, Szabolcs Duleba, Anna Kiss and Zoltán Lakner

Energies 2021, 14(14), 4366; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144366 - 20 Jul 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2749

Abstract

The optimization of the energy portfolio for a small, open, landlocked economy with rather limited fossil resources is a complex task because it must find a long-range, sustainable balance between the various goals of society under the constant pressure of different interest groups. [...] Read more.

The optimization of the energy portfolio for a small, open, landlocked economy with rather limited fossil resources is a complex task because it must find a long-range, sustainable balance between the various goals of society under the constant pressure of different interest groups. The opinions of independent, informed experts could be an essential input in the decision-making process. The goal of this research was to determine the relative importance of the values and goals potentially accompanying projects, based on the utilization of bioenergy. The current research is based on a wide-ranging survey of 65 non-partisan experts, applying the Pareto analytic hierarchy process to ensure the unbiased prioritization of project segments. The results of the survey put a spotlight on the importance of the economic role of bioenergy projects. Contrary to previous expectations and considerations, the social functions of these projects have hitherto been given relatively little importance. The results highlight the importance of bioenergy in increasing the income-generating capacity of agricultural producers by optimal utilization of natural resources for agricultural production. This can be achieved without considerable deterioration of the natural environment. Modern agricultural production is characterized by high levels of mechanization and automatization. Under these conditions, the social role of bioenergy projects (job creation) is rather limited. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Technology for Energy Efficiency Development)

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