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Optimization of Multicarrier Energy Systems
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Optimization of Multicarrier Energy Systems

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2019) | Viewed by 21025

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Massimo La Scala

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
Interests: power system dynamics and control; transient stability; parallel computing; smart grids; industrial power system; energy hubs and multicarrier energy systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Sergio Bruno

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Electric Power System; Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, Bari, Italy
Interests: power systems analysis and control; power system dynamics; distribution management systems; smart grids; microgrids; predictive control; demand response
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Smart grids are advanced electrical power grids where the vertical integration of existing portions of physical networks, sensors, meters, advanced communication systems, field device controllers, advanced analytics and computational resources has been completed and relevant energy efficiency objectives have been reached. However, the performance and efficiency of complex energy systems can be pushed to their limits only if horizontal integration among energy infrastructures is achieved.

A possible way to achieve horizontal integration can be found in the setting up of multicarrier energy systems (MES), physical or virtual nodes where energy, in any possible form, can be exchanged, transformed into other energy forms or stored, following supply/demand balancing needs, demand response policies, market requests or optimal control rules.

This Special Issue is dedicated to exploring methodologies and control architectures for the optimization of the design and operation of multicarrier energy systems (MES). Since the dimensions, attributes, or even name of a MES might vary according to its working domain, this Special Issue will welcome contributions regarding any form of horizontal integration of energy sources such as energy hubs, district energy, hybrid energy systems, microgrids, nanogrids, industrial power parks, building energy management system (BEMS), home energy management system (HEMS).

Research papers are welcome as well as experiences from the setting up of innovative laboratories, reports and experimental results from pilot systems, demonstration projects or actual field implementations.

Prof. Dr. Massimo La Scala
Dr. Sergio Bruno
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • optimal sizing and planning of multicarrier energy system (MES)
  • optimal control and model predictive control
  • metaheuristic methods and soft computing
  • renewable sources optimization
  • power-to-gas (P2G) and power-to-X (P2X) technologies
  • energy storage systems
  • energy hubs
  • hybrid energy systems
  • microgrids operation and control
  • holistic approaches to sustainable energy
  • demand response and demand side management in MES
  • building energy management systems (BEMS)
  • home energy management systems (HEMS)
  • internet of Things (IoT) applications for MES

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2768 KiB  
Article
Data Centers as Active Multi-Energy Systems for Power Grid Decarbonization: A Technical and Economic Analysis
by Pio Alessandro Lombardi, Kranthi Ranadheer Moreddy, André Naumann, Przemyslaw Komarnicki, Carmine Rodio and Sergio Bruno
Energies 2019, 12(21), 4182; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12214182 - 1 Nov 2019
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2640
Abstract
Power system decarbonization will be one of the main challenges confronting society over the next twenty to thirty years. Renewable energy sources (RES), such as wind and solar, will be the main resources supplying the power grid. Given their volatility, their integration into [...] Read more.
Power system decarbonization will be one of the main challenges confronting society over the next twenty to thirty years. Renewable energy sources (RES), such as wind and solar, will be the main resources supplying the power grid. Given their volatility, their integration into the grid necessitates planning and utilizing new flexibility options. Energy storage systems (ESS), multi-energy systems and active consumer involvement are three solutions attracting the scientific community’s attention. Data centers (DCs) provide a very high degree of flexibility for consumers. They can be utilized to support system operators or integrate power generated by locally installed renewable energy source generators in the DC’s network. This study is intended to contribute by developing a methodology for planning new flexibility options in DCs. The methodology developed treats DCs as active multi-energy systems. Control strategies were also developed. The technical and economic performance of the solutions implemented was evaluated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optimization of Multicarrier Energy Systems)
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23 pages, 2967 KiB  
Article
A Robust Formulation Model for Multi-Period Failure Restoration Problems in Integrated Energy Systems
by Wei Chen, Xiansi Lou and Chuangxin Guo
Energies 2019, 12(19), 3673; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12193673 - 25 Sep 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2141
Abstract
The risks faced by modern energy systems are increasing, primarily caused by natural disasters. As a new form of multi-level energy complimentary utilization, integrated energy systems are attracting more and more attention for their high-efficiency and low-cost. However, due to the deep coupling [...] Read more.
The risks faced by modern energy systems are increasing, primarily caused by natural disasters. As a new form of multi-level energy complimentary utilization, integrated energy systems are attracting more and more attention for their high-efficiency and low-cost. However, due to the deep coupling relationship between systems, they are more susceptible to natural disasters, resulting in a cascading failure. To enhance the resilience of the integrated electricity-gas system, this paper proposes a failure restoration strategy after a natural disaster occurs. First, the temporal constraints of the dispatching model are considered, and the failure restoration problem is molded into a multi-period mixed-integer linear programme, aiming to recover the interrupted loads as much as possible. Second, since the uncertain output of distributed generation sources (DGs) such as wind turbines and photovoltaic systems will threat the reliability of restoration results, the robust formulation model is incorporated to cope with this problem. Third, we propose a new modeling method for radial topology constraints towards failure restoration. Moreover, the Column and Constraints Generation (C&CG) decomposition method is utilized to solve the robust model. Then, the piecewise linearization technique and the linear DistFlow equations are utilized to eliminate the nonlinear terms, providing a model that could be easily solved by an off-shelf commercial solver. The obtained results include the sequence of line/pipeline switchgear actions, the time-series dispatching results of electricity storage system, gas storage system, and the coupling devices including the gas-fired turbine, power to gas equipment. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed restoration strategy is verified by numerical simulation on a 13-6 node integrated energy system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optimization of Multicarrier Energy Systems)
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38 pages, 10922 KiB  
Article
Flexibility Services to Minimize the Electricity Production from Fossil Fuels. A Case Study in a Mediterranean Small Island
by Manfredi Crainz, Domenico Curto, Vincenzo Franzitta, Sonia Longo, Francesco Montana, Rossano Musca, Eleonora Riva Sanseverino and Enrico Telaretti
Energies 2019, 12(18), 3492; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12183492 - 10 Sep 2019
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 5903
Abstract
The design of multi-carrier energy systems (MESs) has become increasingly important in the last decades, due to the need to move towards more efficient, flexible, and reliable power systems. In a MES, electricity, heating, cooling, water, and other resources interact at various levels, [...] Read more.
The design of multi-carrier energy systems (MESs) has become increasingly important in the last decades, due to the need to move towards more efficient, flexible, and reliable power systems. In a MES, electricity, heating, cooling, water, and other resources interact at various levels, in order to get optimized operation. The aim of this study is to identify the optimal combination of components, their optimal sizes, and operating schedule allowing minimizing the annual cost for meeting the energy demand of Pantelleria, a Mediterranean island. Starting from the existing energy system (comprising diesel generators, desalination plant, freshwater storage, heat pumps, and domestic hot water storages) the installation of solar resources (photovoltaic and solar thermal) and electrical storage were considered. In this way, the optimal scheduling of storage units injections, water desalination operation, and domestic hot water production was deduced. An energy hub model was implemented using MATLAB to represent the problem. All equations in the model are linear functions, and variables are real or integer. Thus, a mixed integer linear programming algorithm was used for the solution of the optimization problem. Results prove that the method allows a strong reduction of operating costs of diesel generators also in the existing configuration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optimization of Multicarrier Energy Systems)
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16 pages, 6090 KiB  
Article
Optimal Sizing and Operation of Electric and Thermal Storage in a Net Zero Multi Energy System
by Sergio Bruno, Maria Dicorato, Massimo La Scala, Roberto Sbrizzai, Pio Alessandro Lombardi and Bartlomiej Arendarski
Energies 2019, 12(17), 3389; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12173389 - 3 Sep 2019
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3211
Abstract
In this this paper, the optimal sizing of electric and thermal storage is applied to the novel definition of a net zero multi energy system (NZEMS). A NZMES is based on producing electricity exclusively from renewable energy sources (RES) and converting it into [...] Read more.
In this this paper, the optimal sizing of electric and thermal storage is applied to the novel definition of a net zero multi energy system (NZEMS). A NZMES is based on producing electricity exclusively from renewable energy sources (RES) and converting it into other energy forms to satisfy multiple energy needs of a community. Due to the intermittent nature of RES, storage resources are needed to increase the self-sufficiency of the system. Possible storage sizing choices are examined considering, on an annual basis, the solution of a predictive control problem aimed at optimizing daily operation. For each day of the year, a predictive control problem is formulated and solved, aimed at minimizing operating costs. Electric, thermal, and (electric) transportation daily curves and expected RES production are assessed by means of a model that includes environmental parameters. Test results, based on the energy model of a small rural village, show expected technical-economic performance of different planning solutions, highlighting how the renewable energy mix influences the choice of both thermal and electric storage, and how self-sufficiency can affect the overall cost of energy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optimization of Multicarrier Energy Systems)
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15 pages, 727 KiB  
Article
Robust Optimization of Energy Hubs Operation Based on Extended Affine Arithmetic
by Antonio Pepiciello, Alfredo Vaccaro and Mario Mañana
Energies 2019, 12(12), 2420; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12122420 - 24 Jun 2019
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2849
Abstract
Traditional energy systems were planned and operated independently, but the diffusion of distributed and renewable energy systems led to the development of new modeling concepts, such as the energy hub. The energy hub is an integrated paradigm, based on the challenging idea of [...] Read more.
Traditional energy systems were planned and operated independently, but the diffusion of distributed and renewable energy systems led to the development of new modeling concepts, such as the energy hub. The energy hub is an integrated paradigm, based on the challenging idea of multi-carrier energy systems, in which multiple inputs are conditioned, converted and stored in order to satisfy different types of energy demand. To solve the energy hub optimal scheduling problem, uncertainty sources, such as renewable energy production, price volatility and load demand, must be properly considered. This paper proposes a novel methodology, based on extended Affine Arithmetic, which enables the solving of the optimal scheduling problem in the presence of multiple and heterogeneous uncertainty sources. Realistic case studies are presented and discussed in order to show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optimization of Multicarrier Energy Systems)
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19 pages, 3110 KiB  
Article
Optimal Sizing Procedure for Electric Vehicle Supply Infrastructure Based on DC Microgrid with Station Commitment
by Benedetto Aluisio, Maria Dicorato, Imma Ferrini, Giuseppe Forte, Roberto Sbrizzai and Michele Trovato
Energies 2019, 12(10), 1901; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12101901 - 18 May 2019
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 3312
Abstract
The diffusion of electric vehicles (EVs) can be sustained by the presence of integrated solutions offering parking and clean power supply. The recourse to DC systems allows better integration of EV bidirectional energy exchange, photovoltaic panels, and energy storage. In this paper, a [...] Read more.
The diffusion of electric vehicles (EVs) can be sustained by the presence of integrated solutions offering parking and clean power supply. The recourse to DC systems allows better integration of EV bidirectional energy exchange, photovoltaic panels, and energy storage. In this paper, a methodology for optimal techno-economic sizing of a DC-microgrid for covering EV mobility needs is carried out. It is based on the definition of different scenarios of operation, according to typical EV usage outlooks and environmental conditions. In each scenario, optimal operation is carried out by means of a specific approach for EV commitment on different stations. The sizing procedure is able to handle the modular structure of microgrid devices. The proposed approach is applied to a case study of an envisaged EV service fleet for the Bari port authority. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optimization of Multicarrier Energy Systems)
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