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Hybrid Modeling, Stability Analysis, and Control Design of Future Microgrids with Distributed Renewable Energy Sources Integration

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A1: Smart Grids and Microgrids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 4 July 2025 | Viewed by 3923

Special Issue Editors

School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
Interests: model predictive control; robust control and filtering; fuzzy control; distributed control; resilient control; intrusion detection and security control; reinforcement learning; neural network; applications in electric vehicle and power systems
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Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
Interests: cyber-physical energy systems; robust control and optimization; machine learning; autonomous intelligent robots

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Guest Editor
School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
Interests: process monitoring; fault detection; fault diagnosis; data mining
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The microgrid has long been seen as one of the most promising solutions to convert distributed renewable energy sources (DRESs) like solar, wind, and battery storage into electrical power due to the capability of providing flexible and controllable means to integrate DRESs with power electronics technologies, which contributes substantially to the word’s sustainable energy development. However, with the increasing penetration level of DRESs, the physical inertia traditionally provided by synchronous generators (SGs) reduces sharply, resulting in significant challenges of future microgrids in system modeling, stability analysis, and control design. Since the system modeling is the prerequisite for stability analysis and control design, precise and computationally efficient models are essentially necessary to be built by incorporating distinct properties of each category of renewable energy sources. Hybrid modeling methods are prospective but are not fully revealed, both for DRESs and their interactions with electrical networks. For the stability analysis, diverse key performance indicators (KPIs), such as robustness, reliability, sensibility, and resiliency, should be focused on, with the particular attention to different system variables (e.g., voltage and frequency), while the investigation on these aspects are not comprehensive. For the control design, the realization of KPIs for microgrids should be studied in the context of DRESs coordinated with the networked topology, while most current studies ignored the potential topology change and the intermittent communications. To better integrate DRESs into future microgrids, this Special Issue encourages researchers to advance the state-of-the-art studies from hybrid modeling, stability analysis, and control design perspectives. The research topics include but are not limited to the following: 

  • Advanced sustainable energy development
  • Hybrid modeling of microgrids 
  • Stability analysis of hybrid energy systems 
  • Data-driven monitoring and control for smart grids 
  • Autonomous power inspection robotics 
  • Operation and protection of solar PV system 
  • Integration of new energy in urban design 
  • Consumer behavior in new energy 
  • Fault detection and diagnosis of power grid equipment ·
  • Condition monitoring and performance evaluation

Dr. Zhijian Hu
Dr. Renjie Ma
Dr. Shumei Zhang
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • distributed renewable energy source (DRES)
  • microgrid
  • smart grid
  • wind turbine
  • solar photovoltaic
  • hybrid modeling
  • stability analysis
  • control design
 

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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26 pages, 4478 KiB  
Article
A Two-Stage Robust Optimization Strategy for Long-Term Energy Storage and Cascaded Utilization of Cold and Heat Energy in Peer-to-Peer Electricity Energy Trading
by Yun Chen, Yunhao Zhao, Xinghao Zhang, Ying Wang, Rongyao Mi, Junxiao Song, Zhiguo Hao and Chuanbo Xu
Energies 2025, 18(2), 323; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18020323 - 13 Jan 2025
Viewed by 490
Abstract
This study addresses the optimization of urban integrated energy systems (UIESs) under uncertainty in peer-to-peer (P2P) electricity trading by introducing a two-stage robust optimization strategy. The strategy includes a UIES model with a photovoltaic (PV)–green roof, hydrogen storage, and cascading cold/heat energy subsystems. [...] Read more.
This study addresses the optimization of urban integrated energy systems (UIESs) under uncertainty in peer-to-peer (P2P) electricity trading by introducing a two-stage robust optimization strategy. The strategy includes a UIES model with a photovoltaic (PV)–green roof, hydrogen storage, and cascading cold/heat energy subsystems. The first stage optimizes energy trading volume to maximize social welfare, while the second stage maximizes operational profit, considering uncertainties in PV generation and power prices. The Nested Column and Constraint Generation (NC&CG) algorithm enhances privacy and solution precision. Case studies with three UIESs show that the model improves economic performance, energy efficiency, and sustainability, increasing profits by 1.5% over non-P2P scenarios. Adjusting the robustness and deviation factors significantly impacts P2P transaction volumes and profits, allowing system operators to optimize profits and make risk-aligned decisions. Full article
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18 pages, 7099 KiB  
Article
Robust Distributed Load Frequency Control for Multi-Area Power Systems with Photovoltaic and Battery Energy Storage System
by Yunrui Lan and Mahesh S. Illindala
Energies 2024, 17(22), 5536; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17225536 - 6 Nov 2024
Viewed by 716
Abstract
The intermittent power generation of renewable energy sources (RESs) interrupts the balance between power generation and demand load due to the increased frequency fluctuation, which challenges the frequency stability analysis and control synthesis of power generation systems. This paper proposes a robust distributed [...] Read more.
The intermittent power generation of renewable energy sources (RESs) interrupts the balance between power generation and demand load due to the increased frequency fluctuation, which challenges the frequency stability analysis and control synthesis of power generation systems. This paper proposes a robust distributed load frequency control (DLFC) scheme for multi-area power systems. Firstly, a multi-area power system is constructed by integrating photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage systems (BESSs). Then, by employing the linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique, the sufficient condition capable of ensuring that the proposed controller satisfies H robust performance in the sense of asymptotic stability is derived. Finally, testing is conducted on a four-area renewable power system, and results verify the strong robustness of the proposed controller against load disturbance and intermittence of RESs. Full article
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19 pages, 464 KiB  
Review
Applications of the Internet of Things in Renewable Power Systems: A Survey
by Laura Jia, Zhe Li and Zhijian Hu
Energies 2024, 17(16), 4160; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17164160 - 21 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1823
Abstract
The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) with renewable energy technologies is revolutionizing modern power systems by enhancing efficiency, reliability, and sustainability. This paper examines the role of the IoT in optimizing the integration and management of renewable energy sources, such as [...] Read more.
The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) with renewable energy technologies is revolutionizing modern power systems by enhancing efficiency, reliability, and sustainability. This paper examines the role of the IoT in optimizing the integration and management of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, into the electrical grid. The IoT enables real-time monitoring, data analysis, and automation, facilitating advanced load management, demand response, and energy storage solutions. Key advancements in IoT technologies, including smart grids and energy management systems, are discussed, highlighting their impact on improving grid stability and promoting the use of renewable energy. The paper also finds some challenges such as data security, privacy, and the need for standardized communication protocols. Furthermore, it finds how the IoT optimizes electric vehicle performance through advanced battery management, real-time energy consumption monitoring, and improved interaction with the electrical grid. Future research directions emphasize the potential of the IoT to further enhance renewable energy integration through artificial intelligence and machine learning, driving the transition towards a more sustainable and resilient energy future. Full article
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