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Recent Power Electronics and Control Systems for (Plug-In) Electric (Hybrid) Vehicles

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "E: Electric Vehicles".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2021) | Viewed by 55960

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Omar Hegazy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Head of EPOWERS Research Group, ETEC Department & MOBI Research Centre, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
Interests: power electronics; electric machines; control systems; charging and energy management strategies; co-design optimization; electric vehicles; (plug-in) electric hybrid vehicles; optimization techniques; powertrain modelling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jorge Duarte

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Interests: power electronics; control systems; power quality control system; charging systems

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Currently, there is a strong trend towards sustainable energy and e-mobility solutions in order to significantly reduce greenhouse emissions. Thus, plug-in electric vehicles (PHEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs) have recently received increasing attention in terms of their ability to provide sustainable solutions towards ecological and energy-efficient systems. In light of this growing trend, power electronic topologies (i.e., DC/AC inverters, AC/DC rectifiers, DC/DC converters, charging systems, BMS, grid-to-vehicle, etc.) and control systems play a key role in future developments and generations not only of vehicle drivetrains but also of stationary applications (i.e., smart home, microgrid system). The goal of this Special Issue is to bring the recent ideas and insights of the worldwide research community and of field experts together into a common platform in order to present and discuss the recent advances in power electronics systems and control systems for vehicles and their integration into grid systems with smart energy management strategies. Topics of interest of this Special Issue include but are not limited:

  • advanced power electronics systems based on SiC and GaN technologies
  • advances in DC/AC inverters for vehicles
  • multilevel inverter concepts
  • recent DC/DC converter concepts
  • conductive on-board and off-board charging systems
  • modular and integrated power electronics systems
  • design optimization of power electronics systems
  • new modeling approaches and scalability
  • charging and discharging energy-management methods
  • control systems and power management strategies for Plug-in electric vehicles
  • new E/E architectures for vehicles systems
  • reliability of power electronics converters

Prof. Dr. Omar Hegazy
Dr. Jorge Duarte
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 4610 KiB  
Article
SEPIC Converter with an LC Regenerative Snubber for EV Applications
by Abdalkreem Kasasbeh, Burak Kelleci, Salih Baris Ozturk, Ahmet Aksoz and Omar Hegazy
Energies 2020, 13(21), 5765; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13215765 - 3 Nov 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4400
Abstract
A Single-Ended Primary-Inductor Converter (SEPIC) converter with an Inductor-Capacitor (LC) regenerative snubber is proposed to reduce Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) for Electric Vehicle (EV) applications. The switching energy is transferred through a capacitor to an inductor which is coupled to SEPIC inductors. This technique [...] Read more.
A Single-Ended Primary-Inductor Converter (SEPIC) converter with an Inductor-Capacitor (LC) regenerative snubber is proposed to reduce Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) for Electric Vehicle (EV) applications. The switching energy is transferred through a capacitor to an inductor which is coupled to SEPIC inductors. This technique reduces the number of components and also returns some of switching energy to SEPIC converter. The mathematical analysis and optimization of LC snubber with respect to number of turns is also presented. Spice simulations and experimental results are provided to verify its performance. The proposed LC regenerative snubber reduces the peak voltage by 16 V on the switching transistor during the switching transient. It is also indicated that 8 dB reduction is achieved in the EMI measurements at ringing frequency and 10 dB reduction at high frequency band. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Power Electronics and Control Systems for (Plug-In) Electric (Hybrid) Vehicles)
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31 pages, 14501 KiB  
Article
NSGA-II-Based Codesign Optimization for Power Conversion and Controller Stages of Interleaved Boost Converters in Electric Vehicle Drivetrains
by Dai-Duong Tran, Sajib Chakraborty, Yuanfeng Lan, Mohamed El Baghdadi and Omar Hegazy
Energies 2020, 13(19), 5167; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13195167 - 4 Oct 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3115
Abstract
This article proposes a holistic codesign optimization framework (COF) to simultaneously optimize a power conversion stage and a controller stage using a dual-loop control scheme for multiphase SiC-based DC/DC converters. In this study, the power conversion stage adopts a non-isolated interleaved boost converter [...] Read more.
This article proposes a holistic codesign optimization framework (COF) to simultaneously optimize a power conversion stage and a controller stage using a dual-loop control scheme for multiphase SiC-based DC/DC converters. In this study, the power conversion stage adopts a non-isolated interleaved boost converter (IBC). Besides, the dual-loop control scheme uses type-III controllers for both inner- and outer- loops to regulate the output voltage of the IBC and tackle its non-minimum phase issue. Based on the converter architecture, a multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem including four objective functions (OFs) is properly formulated for the COF. To this end, total input current ripple, total weight of inductors and total power losses are selected as three OFs for the power conversion stage whilst one OF called integral of time-weighted absolute error is considered for the controller stage. The OFs are expressed in analytical forms. To solve the MOO problem, the COF utilizes a non-dominated sorted genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) in combination with an automatic decision-making algorithm to obtain the optimal design solution including the number of phases, switching frequency, inductor size, and the control parameters of type-III controllers. Furthermore, compared to the conventional ‘k-factor’ based controller, the optimal controller exhibits better dynamic responses in terms of undershoot/overshoot and settling time for the output voltage under load disturbances. Moreover, a liquid-cooled SiC-based converter is prototyped and its optimal controller is implemented digitally in dSPACE MicroLabBox. Finally, the experimental results with static and dynamic tests are presented to validate the outcomes of the proposed COF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Power Electronics and Control Systems for (Plug-In) Electric (Hybrid) Vehicles)
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18 pages, 10516 KiB  
Article
Feedforward-Double Feedback Control System of Dual-Switch Boost DC/DC Converters for Fuel Cell Vehicles
by Xiaogang Wu, Boyang Yu, Jiuyu Du and Wenwen Shi
Energies 2019, 12(15), 2886; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12152886 - 26 Jul 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3624
Abstract
DC/DC converters for fuel cell electric vehicles need not only high boost ratio and high efficiency, but also strong anti-jamming capability. Therefore, it is especially important to devise a control method with strong robustness under the premise of an appropriate topology. In this [...] Read more.
DC/DC converters for fuel cell electric vehicles need not only high boost ratio and high efficiency, but also strong anti-jamming capability. Therefore, it is especially important to devise a control method with strong robustness under the premise of an appropriate topology. In this paper, a simple dual-switch boost converter topology is adopted. We use the state space averaging method to build a small signal model, and based on this model, we propose a feedforward-double feedback control system for continuous conduction mode (CCM) mode. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed feedforward-double feedback control system improves the robustness of the system while ensuring a high boost ratio and efficiency, and solves the problem of weak output characteristics of fuel cells. The control effect is similar to the sliding mode control, which is known for its robustness, while the rise time of step response is only 1/10 of that of the voltage feedback control system. When the output voltage of the DC/DC converter is 55 V, the DC/DC converter using feedforward-double feedback control system is more robust than the voltage feedback control system under sudden change of load. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Power Electronics and Control Systems for (Plug-In) Electric (Hybrid) Vehicles)
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18 pages, 4705 KiB  
Article
A Hybrid Soft Switching Full Bridge Converter Suitable for the Electric Vehicle Charge Applications
by Dai-Duong Tran, Manh-Tuan Tran and Woojin Choi
Energies 2019, 12(14), 2707; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12142707 - 15 Jul 2019
Cited by 67 | Viewed by 3487
Abstract
A hybrid dc–dc converter suitable for the on-board charger applications consisted of a Soft Switching Full Bridge (SSFB) converter and a Half Bridge (HB) LLC resonant converter is proposed. The proposed topology employs an additional switch and a diode at the secondary of [...] Read more.
A hybrid dc–dc converter suitable for the on-board charger applications consisted of a Soft Switching Full Bridge (SSFB) converter and a Half Bridge (HB) LLC resonant converter is proposed. The proposed topology employs an additional switch and a diode at the secondary of the SSFB converter to eliminate the circulating current and to achieve the full soft switching of the primary switches. The output voltage is regulated by adjusting the duty of the secondary side switch. The validity and feasibility of the proposed converter are verified by the experiments with a 10-kW prototype converter. The maximum of 96.8% efficiency is achieved at 5 kW output power. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Power Electronics and Control Systems for (Plug-In) Electric (Hybrid) Vehicles)
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Review

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21 pages, 4021 KiB  
Review
A Thorough Review of Cooling Concepts and Thermal Management Techniques for Automotive WBG Inverters: Topology, Technology and Integration Level
by Ekaterina Abramushkina, Assel Zhaksylyk, Thomas Geury, Mohamed El Baghdadi and Omar Hegazy
Energies 2021, 14(16), 4981; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14164981 - 13 Aug 2021
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 7804
Abstract
The development of electric vehicles (EVs) is an important step towards clean and green cities. An electric powertrain provides power to the vehicle and consists of a charger, a battery, an inverter, and a motor as the main components. Supplied by a battery [...] Read more.
The development of electric vehicles (EVs) is an important step towards clean and green cities. An electric powertrain provides power to the vehicle and consists of a charger, a battery, an inverter, and a motor as the main components. Supplied by a battery pack, the automotive inverter manages the power of the motor. EVs require a highly efficient inverter, which satisfies low cost, size, and weight requirements. One approach to meeting these requirements is to use the new wide-bandgap (WBG) semiconductors, which are being widely investigated in the industry as an alternative to silicon switches. WBG devices have superior intrinsic properties, such as high thermal flux, of up to 120 W/cm2 (on average); junction temperature of 175–200 °C; blocking voltage limit of about 6.5 kV; switching frequency about 20-fold higher than that of Si; and up to 73% lower switching losses with a lower conduction voltage drop. This study presents a review of WBG-based inverter cooling systems to investigate trends in cooling techniques and changes associated with the use of WBG devices. The aim is to consider suitable cooling techniques for WBG inverters at different power levels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Power Electronics and Control Systems for (Plug-In) Electric (Hybrid) Vehicles)
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43 pages, 10493 KiB  
Review
DC-DC Converter Topologies for Electric Vehicles, Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Fast Charging Stations: State of the Art and Future Trends
by Sajib Chakraborty, Hai-Nam Vu, Mohammed Mahedi Hasan, Dai-Duong Tran, Mohamed El Baghdadi and Omar Hegazy
Energies 2019, 12(8), 1569; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12081569 - 25 Apr 2019
Cited by 273 | Viewed by 32051
Abstract
This article reviews the design and evaluation of different DC-DC converter topologies for Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs). The design and evaluation of these converter topologies are presented, analyzed and compared in terms of output power, component count, [...] Read more.
This article reviews the design and evaluation of different DC-DC converter topologies for Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs). The design and evaluation of these converter topologies are presented, analyzed and compared in terms of output power, component count, switching frequency, electromagnetic interference (EMI), losses, effectiveness, reliability and cost. This paper also evaluates the architecture, merits and demerits of converter topologies (AC-DC and DC-DC) for Fast Charging Stations (FCHARs). On the basis of this analysis, it has found that the Multidevice Interleaved DC-DC Bidirectional Converter (MDIBC) is the most suitable topology for high-power BEVs and PHEVs (> 10kW), thanks to its low input current ripples, low output voltage ripples, low electromagnetic interference, bidirectionality, high efficiency and high reliability. In contrast, for low-power electric vehicles (<10 kW), it is tough to recommend a single candidate that is the best in all possible aspects. However, the Sinusoidal Amplitude Converter, the Z-Source DC-DC converter and the boost DC-DC converter with resonant circuit are more suitable for low-power BEVs and PHEVs because of their soft switching, noise-free operation, low switching loss and high efficiency. Finally, this paper explores the opportunity of using wide band gap semiconductors (WBGSs) in DC-DC converters for BEVs, PHEVs and converters for FCHARs. Specifically, the future roadmap of research for WBGSs, modeling of emerging topologies and design techniques of the control system for BEV and PHEV powertrains are also presented in detail, which will certainly help researchers and solution engineers of automotive industries to select the suitable converter topology to achieve the growth of projected power density. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Power Electronics and Control Systems for (Plug-In) Electric (Hybrid) Vehicles)
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