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Energies
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Wind and Marine Energy Technologies and Their Applications
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Wind and Marine Energy Technologies and Their Applications

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A3: Wind, Wave and Tidal Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2020) | Viewed by 11953

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Wolf-Gerrit Früh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Heriot-Watt University, School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
Interests: fluid mechanics; wind energy; energy systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the success of the offshore wind industry and the rapid development in, and expectations for, floating wind turbines alongside continued progress in wave and tidal technology, this Special Issue on wind and marine energy technologies and applications aims to bring together contributions to the latest research on technological developments for wind, wave, and tidal energy extraction together with research on methods to exploit these developments for sustainable development. This includes analysis and discussion of routes to implementation of these developing and emerging technologies. Contribution on a single technology, from resource assessment analysis methods to structural or fluid-dynamics analysis methods are welcome, as are contributions on cross-fertilisation between wind, wave, and tidal technologies or the benefits of hybrid systems by, for example, combining wind and wave, or combining one of the technologies with energy storage or hydrogen production. Contributions are also welcome on the integration of offshore energy into the electricity or energy system as well as on environmental impacts from installations.

Dr. Wolf-Gerrit Früh
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • Offshore wind energy
  • Floating wind turbines
  • Wave energy converters
  • Tidal energy technologies
  • Marine energy resources
  • Marine energy systems
  • Marine energy integration
  • Interaction between marine energy technology and its environment

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 10153 KiB  
Article
Influence of an Integral Heave Plate on the Dynamic Response of Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Under Operational and Storm Conditions
by Yichen Jiang, Guanqing Hu, Zhi Zong, Li Zou and Guoqing Jin
Energies 2020, 13(22), 6122; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13226122 - 22 Nov 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2655
Abstract
The hydrodynamic performance of the floating foundation for offshore wind turbines is essential to its stability and energy harvesting. A semi-submersible platform with an integral heave plate is proposed in order to reduce the vertical motion responses. In this study, we compare the [...] Read more.
The hydrodynamic performance of the floating foundation for offshore wind turbines is essential to its stability and energy harvesting. A semi-submersible platform with an integral heave plate is proposed in order to reduce the vertical motion responses. In this study, we compare the heave, pitch, and roll free decay motions of the new platform with a WindFloat-type platform based on Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes simulations. The differences of the linear and quadratic damping properties between these platforms are revealed. Then, a FAST (Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Turbulence) model with the consideration of fluid viscosity effects is set up to investigate the performance of the new platform under storm and operational conditions. The time-domain responses, motion spectra, and the mooring-tension statistics of these two platforms are evaluated. It is found that the integral heave plate can increase the viscous hydrodynamic damping, significantly decrease the heave and pitch motion responses, and increase the safety of the mooring cables, especially for the storm condition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wind and Marine Energy Technologies and Their Applications)
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15 pages, 3378 KiB  
Article
Wind Resource Assessment and Economic Viability of Conventional and Unconventional Small Wind Turbines: A Case Study of Maryland
by Navid Goudarzi, Kasra Mohammadi, Alexandra St. Pé, Ruben Delgado and Weidong Zhu
Energies 2020, 13(22), 5874; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13225874 - 10 Nov 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2343
Abstract
Annual mean wind speed distribution models for power generation based on regional wind resource maps are limited by spatial and temporal resolutions. These models, in general, do not consider the impact of local terrain and atmospheric circulations. In this study, long-term five-year wind [...] Read more.
Annual mean wind speed distribution models for power generation based on regional wind resource maps are limited by spatial and temporal resolutions. These models, in general, do not consider the impact of local terrain and atmospheric circulations. In this study, long-term five-year wind data at three sites on the North, East, and West of the Baltimore metropolitan area, Maryland, USA are statistically analyzed. The Weibull probability density function was defined based on the observatory data. Despite seasonal and spatial variability in the wind resource, the annual mean wind speed for all sites is around 3 m/s, suggesting the region is not suitable for large-scale power generation. However, it does display a wind power capacity that might allow for non-grid connected small-scale wind turbine applications. Technical and economic performance evaluations of more than 150 conventional small-scale wind turbines showed that an annual capacity factor and electricity production of 11% and 1990 kWh, respectively, are achievable. It results in a payback period of 13 years. Government incentives can improve the economic feasibility and attractiveness of investments in small wind turbines. To reduce the payback period lower than 10 years, modern/unconventional wind harvesting technologies are found to be an appealing option in this region. Key contributions of this work are (1) highlighting the need for studying the urban physics rather than just the regional wind resource maps for wind development projects in the build-environment, (2) illustrating the implementation of this approach in a real case study of Maryland, and (3) utilizing techno-economic data to determine suitable wind harnessing solutions for the studied sites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wind and Marine Energy Technologies and Their Applications)
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33 pages, 12663 KiB  
Article
Development and Verification of an Aero-Hydro-Servo-Elastic Coupled Model of Dynamics for FOWT, Based on the MoWiT Library
by Mareike Leimeister, Athanasios Kolios and Maurizio Collu
Energies 2020, 13(8), 1974; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13081974 - 16 Apr 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4233
Abstract
The complexity of floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) systems, with their coupled motions, aero-hydro-servo-elastic dynamics, as well as non-linear system behavior and components, makes modeling and simulation indispensable. To ensure the correct implementation of the multi-physics, the engineering models and codes have to [...] Read more.
The complexity of floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) systems, with their coupled motions, aero-hydro-servo-elastic dynamics, as well as non-linear system behavior and components, makes modeling and simulation indispensable. To ensure the correct implementation of the multi-physics, the engineering models and codes have to be verified and, subsequently, validated for proving the realistic representation of the real system behavior. Within the IEA (International Energy Agency) Wind Task 23 Subtask 2 offshore code-to-code comparisons have been performed. Based on these studies, using the OC3 phase IV spar-buoy FOWT system, the Modelica for Wind Turbines (MoWiT) library, developed at Fraunhofer IWES, is verified. MoWiT is capable of fully-coupled aero-hydro-servo-elastic simulations of wind turbine systems, onshore, offshore bottom-fixed, or even offshore floating. The hierarchical programing and multibody approach in the object-oriented and equation-based modeling language Modelica have the advantage (over some other simulation tools) of component-based modeling and, hence, easily modifying the implemented system model. The code-to-code comparisons with the results from the OC3 studies show, apart from expected differences due to required assumptions in consequence of missing data and incomplete information, good agreement and, consequently, substantiate the capability of MoWiT for fully-coupled aero-hydro-servo-elastic simulations of FOWT systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wind and Marine Energy Technologies and Their Applications)
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Graphical abstract

20 pages, 4707 KiB  
Article
DC Side Bus Voltage Control of Wind Power Grid-Connected Inverter Based on Second-Order Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control
by Youjie Ma, Faqing Zhao, Xuesong Zhou, Mao Liu and Bao Yang
Energies 2019, 12(22), 4274; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12224274 - 9 Nov 2019
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2348
Abstract
In order to improve the dynamic response speed and the steady-state performance of the DC side bus voltage of the wind power grid-connected inverter, a mathematical model of a typical three-phase voltage type PWM (Pulse Width Modulation, PWM) grid-connected inverter was established, and [...] Read more.
In order to improve the dynamic response speed and the steady-state performance of the DC side bus voltage of the wind power grid-connected inverter, a mathematical model of a typical three-phase voltage type PWM (Pulse Width Modulation, PWM) grid-connected inverter was established, and its traditional voltage-current double closed loop with proportional-integral control method was analyzed. Then a second-order linear active disturbance rejection controller that does not depend on system model information was designed to replace the traditional voltage outer loop proportional-integral controller, thus a new double closed-loop control structure was formed to control it. The frequency domain theory was used to analyze the convergence of the third-order linear extended state observer and the influence of the total disturbance on the performance of the third-order linear extended state observer. The parameter tuning scheme of the designed controller was given. Finally, the 1.5 MW direct-driven permanent magnet wind power generation system was built in the Matlab/Simulink software and the control effects of the two control modes under different working conditions are compared. The simulation results show that the control scheme designed in this paper is superior to the traditional proportional-integral controller which has good anti-interference characteristics and robustness. Especially it has a good stability effect on DC side bus voltage fluctuations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wind and Marine Energy Technologies and Their Applications)
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