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Biomass for Energy Country Specific Show Case Studies
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Biomass for Energy Country Specific Show Case Studies

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2017) | Viewed by 34897

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Tariq Al-Shemmeri

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Sciences, Staffordshire University, Staffordshire ST4 2DE, UK
Interests: renewable energy; combustion; biomass; heat exchangers and power generation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There is ample evidence that the push for biomass as an alternative source of renewable energy to replace fossil fuels for heating and power generation is much greater than expected. There is a huge gap between the present contribution and the committed part of renewables for the majority of world countries.

The uptake of renewables in general, and biomass in particular, is still considered somewhat risky due to the lack of best practice examples to demonstrate how efficient the technology is today. Hence, the need to call for this Special Issue, focusing on country files, so that different nations’ experiences can be shared and best practices can be published, is warranted. This is realistic, as it seems that some nations have different attitudes to biomass, perhaps due to resource availability, or the technology needed to utilize biomass. Therefore, I suggest we go forward with this theme, and encourage scientists and engineers, who are researching in this field, to put forward case studies related to different countries. I certainly have one case study for the UK to put forward.

Prof. Dr. Tariq Al-Shemmeri
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • biomass
  • biomass heating
  • biomass refrigeration
  • biomass electricity
  • renewable energy
  • global Warming
  • CO2 abatement

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

7694 KiB  
Article
Development of the IBSAL-SimMOpt Method for the Optimization of Quality in a Corn Stover Supply Chain
by Hernan Chavez, Krystel K. Castillo-Villar and Erin Webb
Energies 2017, 10(8), 1137; https://doi.org/10.3390/en10081137 - 3 Aug 2017
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 6845
Abstract
Variability on the physical characteristics of feedstock has a relevant effect on the reactor’s reliability and operating cost. Most of the models developed to optimize biomass supply chains have failed to quantify the effect of biomass quality and preprocessing operations required to meet [...] Read more.
Variability on the physical characteristics of feedstock has a relevant effect on the reactor’s reliability and operating cost. Most of the models developed to optimize biomass supply chains have failed to quantify the effect of biomass quality and preprocessing operations required to meet biomass specifications on overall cost and performance. The Integrated Biomass Supply Analysis and Logistics (IBSAL) model estimates the harvesting, collection, transportation, and storage cost while considering the stochastic behavior of the field-to-biorefinery supply chain. This paper proposes an IBSAL-SimMOpt (Simulation-based Multi-Objective Optimization) method for optimizing the biomass quality and costs associated with the efforts needed to meet conversion technology specifications. The method is developed in two phases. For the first phase, a SimMOpt tool that interacts with the extended IBSAL is developed. For the second phase, the baseline IBSAL model is extended so that the cost for meeting and/or penalization for failing in meeting specifications are considered. The IBSAL-SimMOpt method is designed to optimize quality characteristics of biomass, cost related to activities intended to improve the quality of feedstock, and the penalization cost. A case study based on 1916 farms in Ontario, Canada is considered for testing the proposed method. Analysis of the results demonstrates that this method is able to find a high-quality set of non-dominated solutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass for Energy Country Specific Show Case Studies)
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1250 KiB  
Article
Potential of Livestock Generated Biomass: Untapped Energy Source in India
by Gagandeep Kaur, Yadwinder Singh Brar and D.P. Kothari
Energies 2017, 10(7), 847; https://doi.org/10.3390/en10070847 - 25 Jun 2017
Cited by 46 | Viewed by 10906
Abstract
Modern economies run on the backbone of electricity as one of major factors behind industrial development. India is endowed with plenty of natural resources and the majority of electricity within the country is generated from thermal and hydro-electric plants. A few nuclear plants [...] Read more.
Modern economies run on the backbone of electricity as one of major factors behind industrial development. India is endowed with plenty of natural resources and the majority of electricity within the country is generated from thermal and hydro-electric plants. A few nuclear plants assist in meeting the national requirements for electricity but still many rural areas remain uncovered. As India is primarily a rural agrarian economy, providing electricity to the remote, undeveloped regions of the country remains a top priority of the government. A vital, untapped source is livestock generated biomass which to some extent has been utilized to generate electricity in small scale biogas based plants under the government's thrust on rural development. This study is a preliminary attempt to correlate developments in this arena in the Asian region, as well as the developed world, to explore the possibilities of harnessing this resource in a better manner. The current potential of 2600 million tons of livestock dung generated per year, capable of yielding 263,702 million m3 of biogas is exploited. Our estimates suggest that if this resource is utilized judiciously, it possesses the potential of generating 477 TWh (Terawatt hour) of electrical energy per annum. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass for Energy Country Specific Show Case Studies)
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501 KiB  
Article
Computational Model of a Biomass Driven Absorption Refrigeration System
by Munyeowaji Mbikan and Tarik Al-Shemmeri
Energies 2017, 10(2), 234; https://doi.org/10.3390/en10020234 - 16 Feb 2017
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5228
Abstract
The impact of vapour compression refrigeration is the main push for scientists to find an alternative sustainable technology. Vapour absorption is an ideal technology which makes use of waste heat or renewable heat, such as biomass, to drive absorption chillers from medium to [...] Read more.
The impact of vapour compression refrigeration is the main push for scientists to find an alternative sustainable technology. Vapour absorption is an ideal technology which makes use of waste heat or renewable heat, such as biomass, to drive absorption chillers from medium to large applications. In this paper, the aim was to investigate the feasibility of a biomass driven aqua-ammonia absorption system. An estimation of the solid biomass fuel quantity required to provide heat for the operation of a vapour absorption refrigeration cycle (VARC) is presented; the quantity of biomass required depends on the fuel density and the efficiency of the combustion and heat transfer systems. A single-stage aqua-ammonia refrigeration system analysis routine was developed to evaluate the system performance and ascertain the rate of energy transfer required to operate the system, and hence, the biomass quantity needed. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the results of the performance of a computational model of an aqua-ammonia system under a range of parameters. The model showed good agreement with published experimental data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass for Energy Country Specific Show Case Studies)
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2094 KiB  
Article
Data-Reconciliation Based Fault-Tolerant Model Predictive Control for a Biomass Boiler
by Palash Sarkar, Jukka Kortela, Alexandre Boriouchkine, Elena Zattoni and Sirkka-Liisa Jämsä-Jounela
Energies 2017, 10(2), 194; https://doi.org/10.3390/en10020194 - 9 Feb 2017
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 5897
Abstract
This paper presents a novel, effective method to handle critical sensor faults affecting a control system devised to operate a biomass boiler. In particular, the proposed method consists of integrating a data reconciliation algorithm in a model predictive control loop, so as to [...] Read more.
This paper presents a novel, effective method to handle critical sensor faults affecting a control system devised to operate a biomass boiler. In particular, the proposed method consists of integrating a data reconciliation algorithm in a model predictive control loop, so as to annihilate the effects of faults occurring in the sensor of the flue gas oxygen concentration, by feeding the controller with the reconciled measurements. Indeed, the oxygen content in flue gas is a key variable in control of biomass boilers due its close connections with both combustion efficiency and polluting emissions. The main benefit of including the data reconciliation algorithm in the loop, as a fault tolerant component, with respect to applying standard fault tolerant methods, is that controller reconfiguration is not required anymore, since the original controller operates on the restored, reliable data. The integrated data reconciliation–model predictive control (MPC) strategy has been validated by running simulations on a specific type of biomass boiler—the KPA Unicon BioGrate boiler. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass for Energy Country Specific Show Case Studies)
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6268 KiB  
Article
An Economic and Policy Analysis of a District Heating System Using Corn Straw Densified Fuel: A Case Study in Nong’an County in Jilin Province, China
by Shizhong Song, Pei Liu, Jing Xu, Linwei Ma, Chinhao Chong, Min He, Xianzheng Huang, Zheng Li and Weidou Ni
Energies 2017, 10(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/en10010008 - 23 Dec 2016
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4967
Abstract
The development of district heating systems of corn straw densified fuel (CSDF-DHS) is an important option to promote the use of bioenergy on a large scale for sustainable development, especially in China. At present, China’s biomass densified solid fuel (BSDF) development lags behind [...] Read more.
The development of district heating systems of corn straw densified fuel (CSDF-DHS) is an important option to promote the use of bioenergy on a large scale for sustainable development, especially in China. At present, China’s biomass densified solid fuel (BSDF) development lags behind previously planned target, main barriers of which are economic and policy support problems. Accurate case studies are key to analyze these problems. This manuscript takes Nong’an County in Jilin Province of China as an example to establish a techno-economic model to evaluate the economic performance of a CSDF-DHS under two policy scenarios. It calculates the economic performance under a benchmark market scenario (BMS) and the current policy scenario (CPS) and analyzes the influence of various policy instruments, including subsidies, carbon trading, and preferential taxation. The results indicate that: (1) The CSDF-DHS option is not competitive under the BMS or CPS compared to the traditional energy system based mainly on coal and liquefied petroleum gas; (2) Comparatively, the economic performance of corn straw briquette fuel (CSBF) is better than that of corn straw pellet fuel (CSPF); and (3) further policy support can make CSDF-DHSs competitive in the market, especially with subsidies for concentrated heating services and CSDF, carbon trading, and economic compensation to reduce the profit margin of enterprises, which can make both CSPF-DHSs and CSBF-DHSs competitive. The research results could provide scientific basis for relevant policy making and project decision. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass for Energy Country Specific Show Case Studies)
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