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Geothermal Power
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Geothermal Power

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2010) | Viewed by 66830

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Gordon Bloomquist

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Guest Editor
Nevada Geothermal Power Inc., 409 Granville Street, Vancouver, BC V6C 1T2, Canada
Mr. Richard G. Campbell

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Guest Editor
CH2M HILL, Power Business, 9127 South Jamaica Street, Englewood, CO 80112, USA

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Geothermal resources are used in the generation of electricity and for numerous direct thermal applications including space heating and cooling, industrial processing and agricultural applications. Increasingly, combined heat and power projects involving both power generation and direct thermal applications are helping to maximize not only resource utilization, but also economic return as well. Low temperature geothermal resources, coupled with heat pumps, provide both space heating and cooling.
Recent trends in the geothermal industry include greater emphasis on low temperature power generation, combined heat and power, the development of enhanced geothermal systems, the conversion of abandoned oil and gas wells to geothermal producers and the extraction of minerals from geothermal brine, thus allowing for greater thermal recovery while at the same time providing an important additional source of revenue.
As the demand for electricity and thermal energy steadily increases and fossil fuel prices spiral continually upwards, greater and greater emphasis is being directed toward the development of environmentally responsible and increasingly cost competitive renewable energy resources such as geothermal. This special issue covers current development trends as well as research and development directed toward enhanced geothermal system development and the extraction of minerals from geothermal brines.

Dr. Gordon Bloomquist
Guest Editor

Keywords

  • geothermal power generation
  • geothermal direct thermal applications and CHP
  • geothermal heat pumps
  • enhanced geothermal systems
  • deep sedimentary basins
  • mineral extraction

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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168 KiB  
Communication
Securing Fluid Resources for Geothermal Projects in a World of Water Scarcity
by Kathleen Callison
Energies 2010, 3(8), 1485-1498; https://doi.org/10.3390/en3081485 - 23 Aug 2010
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 8129
Abstract
Water in some form plays a critical role in geothermal projects, given current technology. This paper explores inconsistencies in treatment of water and geothermal resources at the federal and state levels, and discusses legal and practical issues the developer should consider, relating to [...] Read more.
Water in some form plays a critical role in geothermal projects, given current technology. This paper explores inconsistencies in treatment of water and geothermal resources at the federal and state levels, and discusses legal and practical issues the developer should consider, relating to use of water, geothermal resources, and alternative sources of water supply. The developer is urged to incorporate water resource planning into project planning beginning at the project feasibility stage, and to seek creative solutions, possibly in cooperation with key stakeholders in the project area, to secure needed fluid resources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geothermal Power)
207 KiB  
Article
Direct Utilization of Geothermal Energy
by John W. Lund
Energies 2010, 3(8), 1443-1471; https://doi.org/10.3390/en3081443 - 17 Aug 2010
Cited by 90 | Viewed by 25143
Abstract
The worldwide application of geothermal energy for direct utilization is reviewed. This paper is based on the world update for direct-use presented at the World Geothermal Congress 2010 in Bali, Indonesia (WGC2010) [1] which also includes material presented at three world geothermal [...] Read more.
The worldwide application of geothermal energy for direct utilization is reviewed. This paper is based on the world update for direct-use presented at the World Geothermal Congress 2010 in Bali, Indonesia (WGC2010) [1] which also includes material presented at three world geothermal congresses in Italy, Japan and Turkey (WGC95, WGC2000 and WGC2005). This report is based on country update papers prepared for WGC2010 and data from other sources. Final update papers were received from 70 countries of which 66 reported some direct utilization of geothermal energy for WGC2010. Twelve additional countries were added to the list based on other sources of information. The 78 countries having direct utilization of geothermal energy, is a significant increase from the 72 reported in 2005, the 58 reported in 2000, and the 28 reported in 1995. An estimate of the installed thermal power for direct utilization at the end of 2009, reported from WGC2010 is 48,493 MWt, almost a 72 % increased over the 2005 data, growing at a compound rate of 11.4% annually with a capacity factor of 0.28. The thermal energy used is 423,830 TJ/year (117,740 GWh/yr), about a 55% increase over 2005, growing at a compound rate of 9.2% annually. The distribution of thermal energy used by category is approximately 47.2% for ground-source heat pumps, 25.8% for bathing and swimming (including balneology), 14.9% for space heating (of which 85% is for district heating), 5.5% for greenhouses and open ground heating, 2.8% for industrial process heating, 2.7% for aquaculture pond and raceway heating, 0.4% for agricultural drying, 0.5% for snow melting and cooling, and 0.2% for other uses. Energy savings amounted to 250 million barrels (38 million tonnes) of equivalent oil annually, preventing 33 million tonnes of carbon and 107 million tonnes of CO2 being release to the atmosphere which includes savings in geothermal heat pump cooling (compared to using fuel oil to generate electricity). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geothermal Power)
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Review

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442 KiB  
Review
Water Desalination Using Geothermal Energy
by Mattheus Goosen, Hacene Mahmoudi and Noreddine Ghaffour
Energies 2010, 3(8), 1423-1442; https://doi.org/10.3390/en3081423 - 3 Aug 2010
Cited by 114 | Viewed by 18717
Abstract
The paper provides a critical overview of water desalination using geothermal resources. Specific case studies are presented, as well as an assessment of environmental risks and market potential and barriers to growth. The availability and suitability of low and high temperature geothermal energy [...] Read more.
The paper provides a critical overview of water desalination using geothermal resources. Specific case studies are presented, as well as an assessment of environmental risks and market potential and barriers to growth. The availability and suitability of low and high temperature geothermal energy in comparison to other renewable energy resources for desalination is also discussed. Analysis will show, for example, that the use of geothermal energy for thermal desalination can be justified only in the presence of cheap geothermal reservoirs or in decentralized applications focusing on small-scale water supplies in coastal regions, provided that society is able and willing to pay for desalting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geothermal Power)
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245 KiB  
Review
A Review on Concepts, Applications, and Models of Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage Systems
by Kun Sang Lee
Energies 2010, 3(6), 1320-1334; https://doi.org/10.3390/en3061320 - 22 Jun 2010
Cited by 92 | Viewed by 14169
Abstract
Being a heat source or sink, aquifers have been used to store large quantities of thermal energy to match cooling and heating supply and demand on both a short-term and long-term basis. The current technical, economic, and environmental status of aquifer thermal energy [...] Read more.
Being a heat source or sink, aquifers have been used to store large quantities of thermal energy to match cooling and heating supply and demand on both a short-term and long-term basis. The current technical, economic, and environmental status of aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) is promising. General information on the basic operation principles, design, and construction of ATES systems is discussed in this paper. Numerous projects in operation around the world are summarized to illustrate the present status of ATES. Hydrogeological-thermal simulation has become an integral part of predicting ATES system performance. Numerical models which are available to simulate an ATES system by modeling mass and heat transport in the aquifer have been summarized. This paper also presents an example of numerical simulation and thermohydraulic evaluation of a two-well, ATES system operating under a continuous flow regime. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geothermal Power)
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