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Energies
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Power Quality: Monitoring, Mitigation, and New Types of Disturbances
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Power Quality: Monitoring, Mitigation, and New Types of Disturbances

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A1: Smart Grids and Microgrids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2019) | Viewed by 34866

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Aurora Gil-de-Castro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Leonardo Da Vinci, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
Interests: harmonics; supraharmonics; flicker; power electronics components; home appliances; energy efficiency
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The term “power quality” has been around for some 50 years now, but the subjects covered by the term have never been static: Changing through the years from harmonics to flicker to voltage dips back to harmonics; with parallel issues appearing and disappearing as well.

Several developments in the electric power system and outside of it make that power quality is as important as ever. Like with earlier revivals, new issues have come to the forefront. The two most important developments that have an impact on power quality are:

  • The transition to a sustainable energy system, where one should not just think of wind power and electric vehicles, but also of more energy-efficient equipment. New types of equipment connected to the electricity grid affect the classical disturbances like harmonics and voltage variations. Such equipment also has shown to introduce new types of disturbances, which remain poorly understood, and some of which may not even have been discovered.
  • The possibility of obtaining huge amounts of power-quality data, which calls for methods to extract, automatically and effectively, information from this data. Data-processing power and tools are available, but finding the right tool for the right application remains a big challenge.

We are calling for original contributions that cover the power-quality consequences for one or both of these developments. This includes problem descriptions, new algorithms, measurements and simulations, practical case studies, and mitigation methods.

Dr. Aurora Gil-de-Castro
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Power transmission and distribution
  • Power quality
  • Power-quality monitoring
  • Power-quality mitigation
  • Power-system harmonics, interharmonics and supraharmonics
  • Voltage dips, swells and transients
  • Renewable electricity production
  • Sustainable energy systems

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Published Papers (9 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 941 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Electrical Quantities Measured by Revenue Meters Under Different Voltage Distortions and the Influences on the Electrical Energy Billing
by Roberto Perillo Barbosa da Silva, Rodolfo Quadros, Hamid Reza Shaker and Luiz Carlos Pereira da Silva
Energies 2019, 12(24), 4757; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12244757 - 13 Dec 2019
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2345
Abstract
This paper evaluates the impact of voltage distortion on the electrical quantities measured by revenue meters and the influences on the electrical energy billing. This is done through an experimental setup, which combines the following variables for the first time in an experiment: [...] Read more.
This paper evaluates the impact of voltage distortion on the electrical quantities measured by revenue meters and the influences on the electrical energy billing. This is done through an experimental setup, which combines the following variables for the first time in an experiment: different total harmonic voltage distortion (THDv) levels; among these levels, different harmonic profiles; and different loads. A programmable alternating current (AC) power source was used in the laboratory to apply voltage signals in three electronic loads: a compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) and two light emitting diode (LED) lighting devices for which voltage signals with THDv 4.9%, 18.8% and 24.5% have been applied. All applied signals contain one or more harmonic order more commonly found in the low voltage grid (3rd, 5th and 7th). For these analyses, a power quality analyzer and a revenue meter were used. The results show that significant and diverse effects on the electrical quantities of individual loads will occur with different THDv levels and harmonic profiles. Comparing with a reference case (sinusoidal condition), when a distorted signal was applied, for the same THDv level, some parameters remained numerically the same, some have improved and some have become worse. This study shows that the effects of combination of the variables such as different THDv level with different harmonic profiles on electrical quantities of loads are not as clear as the effects of considering only one variable. The results of this paper shed light on such effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Quality: Monitoring, Mitigation, and New Types of Disturbances)
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15 pages, 4292 KiB  
Article
Data-Driven Compartmental Modeling Method for Harmonic Analysis—A Study of the Electric Arc Furnace
by Haobo Xu, Zhenguo Shao and Feixiong Chen
Energies 2019, 12(22), 4378; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12224378 - 17 Nov 2019
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3033
Abstract
The electric arc furnace (EAF) contributes to almost one-third of the global iron and steel industry, and its harmonic pollution has drawn attention. An accurate EAF harmonic model is essential to evaluate the harmonic pollution of EAF. In this paper, a data-driven compartmental [...] Read more.
The electric arc furnace (EAF) contributes to almost one-third of the global iron and steel industry, and its harmonic pollution has drawn attention. An accurate EAF harmonic model is essential to evaluate the harmonic pollution of EAF. In this paper, a data-driven compartmental modeling method (DCMM) is proposed for the multi-mode EAF harmonic model. The proposed DCMM considers the coupling relationship among different frequencies of harmonics to enhance the modeling accuracy, meanwhile, the dimensions of the harmonic dataset are reduced to improve computational efficiency. Furthermore, the proposed DCMM is applicable to establish a multi-mode EAF harmonic model by dividing the multi-mode EAF harmonic dataset into several clusters corresponding to the different modes of the EAF smelting process. The performance evaluation results show that the proposed DCMM is adaptive in terms of establishing the multi-mode model, even if the data volumes, number of clusters, and sample distribution change significantly. Finally, a case study of EAF harmonic data is conducted to establish a multi-mode EAF harmonic model, showing that the proposed DCMM is effective and accurate in EAF modeling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Quality: Monitoring, Mitigation, and New Types of Disturbances)
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19 pages, 2196 KiB  
Article
Providing Fault Ride-Through Capability of Turbo-Expander in a Thermal Power Plant
by Mohammadali Norouzi and Matti Lehtonen
Energies 2019, 12(21), 4113; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12214113 - 28 Oct 2019
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2308
Abstract
This paper aims to make possible the operation of a turbo-expander (TE) as a renewable resource at the Neka power plant in fault condition in the auxiliary service system (ASS), which is considered one of the fundamental problems in network operation. In this [...] Read more.
This paper aims to make possible the operation of a turbo-expander (TE) as a renewable resource at the Neka power plant in fault condition in the auxiliary service system (ASS), which is considered one of the fundamental problems in network operation. In this paper, the effect of the failure on the performance of the TE is analyzed whilst the performance of a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) and static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) to compensate the fault in the ASS network is investigated. To improve the performance of DVR, a novel topology is developed; additionally, the compensatory strategies are assessed, simulated, and validated. In order to optimize the performance of the compensators, their possible presence situations on the ASS in various scenarios under the conditions of severe disturbance, synchronization of fault conditions, and starting of TE are tested. The results of PSCAD/EMTDC software simulation demonstrate that by applying the improved topology and selected compensation strategy of DVR, severe voltage sags are compensated, and the fault ride-through (FRT) capability for the TE is provided. Eventually, it is evident that the proposed solution is technically and economically feasible and the TE can supply the total ASS power consumption in all disturbances. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Quality: Monitoring, Mitigation, and New Types of Disturbances)
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19 pages, 2814 KiB  
Article
Determining the Responsibility of Three-Phase Unbalanced Sources Based on RICA
by Yixuan Yang, Ying Wang and Xiaoyang Ma
Energies 2019, 12(15), 2849; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12152849 - 24 Jul 2019
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3041
Abstract
Voltage unbalance is one of the main power quality problems, and the source of many negative effects on utilities that are experienced by customers. In this paper, a method based on robust independent component analysis (RICA) for responsibility division of unbalanced sources is [...] Read more.
Voltage unbalance is one of the main power quality problems, and the source of many negative effects on utilities that are experienced by customers. In this paper, a method based on robust independent component analysis (RICA) for responsibility division of unbalanced sources is proposed for voltage unbalance. According to the weak correlation between negative-sequence voltage and upstream and downstream current fluctuation at the point of common coupling (PCC), the independent component of the negative-sequence voltage and current fluctuation at the point of common coupling is obtained by RICA. The blind source mixing coefficient matrix can be obtained according to the least squares method. The equivalent negative-sequence impedance on both sides of the PCC can be obtained using the linear correlation between the mixing coefficients. Finally, according to the principle of partial pressure, the unbalance contribution of the upstream and downstream at the PCC is calculated. The method is accurate for upstream and downstream impedance estimation compared with the traditional method, and has a strong anti-interference ability. When the background noise or system fluctuation is large, the responsibility division result is still accurate. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method are proven by the simulation of the experimental circuit. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Quality: Monitoring, Mitigation, and New Types of Disturbances)
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13 pages, 655 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study of the Summation of Flicker Caused by Wind Turbines
by Koldo Redondo, José Julio Gutiérrez, Izaskun Azcarate, Purificación Saiz, Luis Alberto Leturiondo and Sofía Ruiz de Gauna
Energies 2019, 12(12), 2404; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12122404 - 22 Jun 2019
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4000
Abstract
Integration of wind energy into the grid faces a great challenge regarding power quality. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61400-21 standard defines the electrical characteristics that need to be assessed in a Wind Turbine (WT), as well as the procedure to measure the [...] Read more.
Integration of wind energy into the grid faces a great challenge regarding power quality. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61400-21 standard defines the electrical characteristics that need to be assessed in a Wind Turbine (WT), as well as the procedure to measure the disturbances produced by the WT. One of the parameters to be assessed are voltage fluctuations or flicker. To estimate the flicker emission of a Wind Power Plant (WPP), the standard establishes that a quadratic exponent should be used in the summation of the flicker emission of each WT. This exponent was selected based on studies carried out in WPPs with type I and II WTs. Advances in wind turbine technology have reduced their flicker emission, mainly thanks to the implementation of power electronics for the partial or total management of the power injected into the grid. This work is based on measurements from a WPP with 16 type III WTs. The flicker emission of a single WT and of the WPP were calculated. Low flicker emission values at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) of the WPP were obtained. The flicker estimation at the PCC, based on the measurement from a single WT, was analyzed using different exponents. The results show that a cubic summation performs better than the quadratic one in the estimation of the flicker emission of a WPP with type III WTs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Quality: Monitoring, Mitigation, and New Types of Disturbances)
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16 pages, 6402 KiB  
Article
Flicker of Modern Lighting Technologies Due to Rapid Voltage Changes
by Stefano Lodetti, Izaskun Azcarate, José Julio Gutiérrez, Luis Alberto Leturiondo, Koldo Redondo, Purificación Sáiz, Julio J. Melero and Jorge Bruna
Energies 2019, 12(5), 865; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12050865 - 5 Mar 2019
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 4116
Abstract
The purpose of the present paper is to evaluate the sensitivity of modern lighting technologies to different types of RVCs. In order to do that, 27 modern lamps—mainly LED—have been subjected to real RVCs and their response has been assessed. The detection of [...] Read more.
The purpose of the present paper is to evaluate the sensitivity of modern lighting technologies to different types of RVCs. In order to do that, 27 modern lamps—mainly LED—have been subjected to real RVCs and their response has been assessed. The detection of RVCs on the grid has been performed according to the IEC 61000-4-30 detection method, while the response of the lamps has been measured with a light flickermeter and characterized using the instantaneous flicker perception, as defined in IEC 61000-4-15. The obtained results show a high dispersion in the response of the modern lighting technologies and high values of flicker perception, although with a lower sensitivity than the incandescent lamp. The results led the authors to propose the definition of a new immunity test to be added to the lamp immunity protocol IEC TR-61547-1, to ensure that newly produced lamps cause limited irritation to grid users. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Quality: Monitoring, Mitigation, and New Types of Disturbances)
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16 pages, 3081 KiB  
Article
Harmonic Detection for Power Grids Using Adaptive Variational Mode Decomposition
by Guowei Cai, Lixin Wang, Deyou Yang, Zhenglong Sun and Bo Wang
Energies 2019, 12(2), 232; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12020232 - 13 Jan 2019
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 5422
Abstract
The harmonic pollution problem in power grids has become increasingly prominent with the large-scale application of power electronic equipment, nonlinear loads, and renewable energy. This study proposes a method based on adaptive variational mode decomposition (AVMD) and Hilbert transform (HT) that is applicable [...] Read more.
The harmonic pollution problem in power grids has become increasingly prominent with the large-scale application of power electronic equipment, nonlinear loads, and renewable energy. This study proposes a method based on adaptive variational mode decomposition (AVMD) and Hilbert transform (HT) that is applicable to harmonic detection in power system. The AVMD method constructs and solves the constrained variational model. Then, a single-frequency harmonic component with stable features can be obtained. The proposed method can effectively avoid the recursive process in empirical mode decomposition (EMD). In this study, the variational mode decomposition algorithm is used to obtain the periodic harmonic components concurrently. Subsequently, the characteristic parameters of each harmonic component are extracted via HT. Simulation analysis and measured data verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed algorithm. Compared with the detection results obtained using the EMD algorithm, the proposed method is proven to exhibit stronger applicability to harmonic detection in power system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Quality: Monitoring, Mitigation, and New Types of Disturbances)
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16 pages, 2859 KiB  
Article
Online Recognition Method for Voltage Sags Based on a Deep Belief Network
by Fei Mei, Yong Ren, Qingliang Wu, Chenyu Zhang, Yi Pan, Haoyuan Sha and Jianyong Zheng
Energies 2019, 12(1), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12010043 - 24 Dec 2018
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 2914
Abstract
Voltage sag is a serious power quality phenomenon that threatens industrial manufacturing and residential electricity. A large-scale monitoring system has been established and continually improved to detect and record voltage sag events. However, the inefficient process of data sampling cannot provide valuable information [...] Read more.
Voltage sag is a serious power quality phenomenon that threatens industrial manufacturing and residential electricity. A large-scale monitoring system has been established and continually improved to detect and record voltage sag events. However, the inefficient process of data sampling cannot provide valuable information early enough for governance of the system. Therefore, a novel online recognition method for voltage sags is proposed. The main contributions of this paper include: 1) The causes and waveform characters of voltage sags were analyzed; 2) according to the characters of different sag waveforms, 10 voltage sag characteristic parameters were proposed and proven to be effective; 3) a deep belief network (DBN) model was built using these parameters to complete automatic recognition of the sag event types. Experiments were conducted using voltage sag data from one month recorded by the 10 kV monitoring points in Suqian, Jiangsu Province, China. The results showed good performance of the proposed method: Recognition accuracy was 96.92%. The test results from the proposed method were compared to the results from support vector machine (SVM) recognition methods. The proposed method was shown to outperform SVM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Quality: Monitoring, Mitigation, and New Types of Disturbances)
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27 pages, 7191 KiB  
Article
Harmonics and Reduction of Energy Consumption in Lighting Systems by Using LED Lamps
by Natthanon Phannil, Chaiyan Jettanasen and Atthapol Ngaopitakkul
Energies 2018, 11(11), 3169; https://doi.org/10.3390/en11113169 - 15 Nov 2018
Cited by 44 | Viewed by 6296
Abstract
This paper proposes the study and analysis of harmonics, energy consumption and power quality of light emitting diode (LED) lamps equipped in building lighting systems. LED lamps with external (LED MR16) and internal (LED light bulb) drivers are investigated using an experimental setup [...] Read more.
This paper proposes the study and analysis of harmonics, energy consumption and power quality of light emitting diode (LED) lamps equipped in building lighting systems. LED lamps with external (LED MR16) and internal (LED light bulb) drivers are investigated using an experimental setup to compare the results. The power quality of both LED lamps is studied by using a power quality meter to measure the generated harmonic currents from various case studies. The case study is divided into four major cases: one LED lamp is turned on with one driver, two LED lamps are turned on using the two drivers, eight LED lamps are turned on with one driver, and eight LED lamps are turned on with the eight drivers. As harmonics are related to total power factor (PF), which affects the energy savings of the building, hence, a filtering circuit to reduce harmonic current has been designed and implemented to improve power quality and/or power factor of the system. The different cases of harmonic filter insertion at the input of an LED lamp’s driver are discussed and then compared with a lighting standard to show the effectiveness of the passive filtering technique used in the studied system. In addition, the obtained result can be applied to both newly built and retrofitted buildings that aim to use LED technology to increase energy efficiency and decrease energy costs, and could be a helpful guide for end-users and manufacturers in addressing and developing LED issues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Quality: Monitoring, Mitigation, and New Types of Disturbances)
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