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Vehicles Dynamics and Propulsion Technologies
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Vehicles Dynamics and Propulsion Technologies

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "E: Electric Vehicles".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 March 2023) | Viewed by 20769

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yougang Sun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Rail Transit, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
Interests: maglev trains; offshore cranes; quay cranes and nonlinear control with applications to mechatronic systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Vehicles systems, including automobiles, rail vehicles, maglev vehicles, autonomous underwater vehicle and so on, have experienced a great improvement in the last couple of decades, turning vehicles dynamics and propulsion technologies into more intelligent and complex counterparts. Propulsion technologies play a significant role in the development of vehicle intelligence technologies. For example, Polyphase permanent magnet linear synchronous motors can make the speed of maglev vehicles exceed 600km/h, which will lead to different dynamic responses of maglev vehicles. Propulsion technologies are not only related to speed, but also closely related to automated driving, safety, stability and so on. Therefore, a better understanding of the interaction between vehicles dynamics and propulsion technologies becomes a key issue to the realization of effective and efficient vehicle design and innovation.

This research topic aims to provide up-to date research concepts, theoretical findings and practical solutions on vehicles dynamics, modelling, propulsion and control for vehicle system, which could help implement the innovation of all kinds of vehicles. Papers are invited in all these areas (but are not limited to them), as they are multidisciplinary topics involving economic and vehicle aspects as well. Both theoretical and experimental works are welcome, especially those including validation with real-world data or experiments. Recently, interest in data-driven modelling, decision making, and traffic optimization has been raised; therefore, papers exploring the utility of vehicle dynamic control in these topics are also encouraged.

The topics of interest within the scope of this research topic include the following:

  • Vehicle System Dynamics
  • Vehicle dynamics control strategies
  • Guideway-Vehicle coupling nonlinear dynamics
  • Control and optimization of propulsion system
  • Application of AI and Reinforcement learning to propulsion system
  • Models, simulators, and test beds for propulsion system
  • Automated driving and autonomous vehicles
  • Risky behavior modelling and analysis for Propulsion system
  • New vehicle design concept

Dr. Yougang Sun
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Vehicles system dynamics
  • Guideway-Vehicle coupling dynamics
  • Data-driven modelling
  • Vehicle dynamics control
  • Modelling simulation and analysis
  • Advanced propulsion system
  • Automated driving
  • Propulsion system optimization
  • Propulsion-vehicle interaction

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Published Papers (8 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 12756 KiB  
Article
A Model-Based Approach for Setting the Initial Angle of the Drive Axles in a 4 × 4 High Mobility Wheeled Vehicle
by Mariusz Kosobudzki, Pawel Zajac and Leszek Gardyński
Energies 2023, 16(4), 1938; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041938 - 15 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1734
Abstract
This article presents an analysis of the driveline operation of a high-mobility Jelcz 442.32 wheeled vehicle, which uses rigid drive axles connected to drive shafts with two universal joints (another name for the Cardan joints) due to the occurrence of kinematic incompatibility. The [...] Read more.
This article presents an analysis of the driveline operation of a high-mobility Jelcz 442.32 wheeled vehicle, which uses rigid drive axles connected to drive shafts with two universal joints (another name for the Cardan joints) due to the occurrence of kinematic incompatibility. The conditions for the correct connection of the drive shafts with two universal joints (Cardan joints) were presented, and the kinematic ratio of the complete drive shaft was defined. In the analysis of kinematic incompatibility regarding (but not limited to) the method of loading the vehicle, selected characteristic conditions of vehicle movement and the initial values of the angular setting of the rigid driving axles in relation to the vehicle body were presented. It has been shown that, in the analyzed vehicle, the kinematic incompatibility in the driveline is constantly present, and the value of this incompatibility, represented by the temporary ratio of drive shafts, depends on, among other things, the ways of loading the vehicle, the existing conditions of vehicle movement, and the type of ground. Moreover, the value of the arising kinematic incompatibility was noticed to be highly influenced by the correct manufacturing and assembly of the vehicle springs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vehicles Dynamics and Propulsion Technologies)
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17 pages, 14430 KiB  
Article
An Underactuated Universal Gripper: Design, Analysis, and Experiment
by Chunguang Wang, Yulin Zhou, Bing Xie, Jiuming Xie and Junsheng Zhang
Energies 2022, 15(23), 9151; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15239151 - 2 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2611
Abstract
As the working tool of the robot, the importance of the gripper becomes more prominent with the extensive use of the robot. This paper proposes a new type of underactuated universal gripper that can be applied to handle lightweight parts of any shape. [...] Read more.
As the working tool of the robot, the importance of the gripper becomes more prominent with the extensive use of the robot. This paper proposes a new type of underactuated universal gripper that can be applied to handle lightweight parts of any shape. It integrates a crank train and a four-bar mechanism to grasp objects. The kinematics and statics analysis of the proposed gripper were carried out; and in this paper, we briefly introduce the concept and control system design. Then, the motion characteristics and grasping ability of the underactuated gripper are presented. A prototype of the gripper was designed and manufactured based on the simulation analysis, and relevant grasping experiments were carried out. The experimental results verify that the proposed universal gripper has the advantages of safe design, easy manufacturing, effective gripping, and stable holding of objects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vehicles Dynamics and Propulsion Technologies)
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16 pages, 3713 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Structure of Driver Maneuvers in Different Road Conditions
by Rafał S. Jurecki, Tomasz L. Stańczyk and Mateusz Ziubiński
Energies 2022, 15(19), 7073; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15197073 - 26 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1698
Abstract
The safety of road users is one of the priority issues taken into account in both the operation and design of vehicles. The presented work is part of a study that aims to develop a method for parametric assessment of driver behavior. The [...] Read more.
The safety of road users is one of the priority issues taken into account in both the operation and design of vehicles. The presented work is part of a study that aims to develop a method for parametric assessment of driver behavior. The driving style of a driver depends on their skills and psychophysical characteristics, the type and performance of the vehicle used by the driver, and the type of road. This method involves the continuous measurement of the longitudinal and lateral acceleration values of a vehicle body. The paper analyzes how the type of road influences the structure of the maneuvers undertaken by the driver. The paper formulates criteria for distinguishing basic maneuvers (acceleration, braking, and turning). The structure of maneuvers was analyzed for two parameters: the extreme value of acceleration occurring during the execution of a given maneuver and the frequency of maneuvers during the passage of a given route. The analysis presented in this paper confirms that the type of road has a significant influence on the structure of the maneuvers undertaken by the driver. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vehicles Dynamics and Propulsion Technologies)
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13 pages, 3057 KiB  
Article
Effect of Overhead Contact Line Pre-Sag on the Interaction Performance with a Pantograph in Electrified Railways
by Guiming Mei and Yang Song
Energies 2022, 15(19), 6875; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15196875 - 20 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2212
Abstract
In the high-speed rail industry, the overhead contact line erected along the railroad is used to supply the electricity to the high-speed train via a pantograph on the carbody’s roof. This work attempts to explore the effect of contact line pre-sag on the [...] Read more.
In the high-speed rail industry, the overhead contact line erected along the railroad is used to supply the electricity to the high-speed train via a pantograph on the carbody’s roof. This work attempts to explore the effect of contact line pre-sag on the contact quality between the pantograph and the contact line. A nonlinear finite element approach is implemented to build the overhead contact line system with accurate description of the pre-sag of the contact line. Through a nonlinear solution, the effect of contact line pre-sag on the contact force is analysed with different train speeds and tension classes. The analysis result indicates the feasibility of tuning the pre-sag to improve the interaction performance at a given speed and tension class. In the low-speed range, the change of pre-sag does not have a significant effect on the interaction performance. However, when the speed increases up to a certain value, the effect of pre-sag on the contact force is nonnegligible. The increase in tension can reduce the sensitivity of the interaction performance to the pre-sag. An optimisation procedure is implemented to obtain the optimal amount of pre-sag for different train speeds and tension classes. The results indicate a necessity to include a certain amount of contact line pre-sag to maintain an excellent interaction performance at high speed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vehicles Dynamics and Propulsion Technologies)
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14 pages, 12869 KiB  
Article
Side Fins Performance in Biomimetic Unmanned Underwater Vehicle
by Paweł Piskur
Energies 2022, 15(16), 5783; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15165783 - 9 Aug 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2116
Abstract
This paper presents the experimental research conducted for the Biomimetic Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (BUUV). The study’s major goal is to create a single, flexible side fin with adequate proportions and stiffness for an energy-efficient propulsion system. The experiments were carried out in a [...] Read more.
This paper presents the experimental research conducted for the Biomimetic Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (BUUV). The study’s major goal is to create a single, flexible side fin with adequate proportions and stiffness for an energy-efficient propulsion system. The experiments were carried out in a laboratory water tunnel equipped with a sensor for direct thrust measurement for various fin dimensions. Further, the particle image velocimetry (PIV) approach was used for a more in-depth examination of fluid–structure interaction (FSI) phenomena. The given experiments indicate the region of superior propulsion system performance and explain the main aspects that have influenced thrust generation using image processing and the PIV approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vehicles Dynamics and Propulsion Technologies)
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15 pages, 5237 KiB  
Article
Displacement-Constrained Neural Network Control of Maglev Trains Based on a Multi-Mass-Point Model
by Hongliang Pan, Hao Wang, Chenglong Yu and Junjie Zhao
Energies 2022, 15(9), 3110; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093110 - 24 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1712
Abstract
To address the safety displacement-constrained control problem of maglev trains during operation, this study applied the radial-based neural network control displacement-constrained method to maglev trains based on the multi-mass-point model, and strictly limited the output of maglev train displacement and speed values to [...] Read more.
To address the safety displacement-constrained control problem of maglev trains during operation, this study applied the radial-based neural network control displacement-constrained method to maglev trains based on the multi-mass-point model, and strictly limited the output of maglev train displacement and speed values to keep the overshoot within a given range. Firstly, the dynamics and kinematics of the maglev train were modeled from the perspective of multi-mass modeling. Secondly, the basic structure of the radial-based neural network was determined according to the displacement-limited constraints of the maglev train during operation, and the stability was proven by applying the control rate and output-limited priming according to the limitations. Finally, based on the displacement-limited operation control of maglev trains, the system of the radial-based neural network was simulated. The simulation results show that this method can make the displacement and velocity signals of the maglev train converge to the command signals, the target convergence position is reached rapidly, and the deviation can be kept within a stable range so that the displacement and velocity signals of the maglev train can be limited to the desired safety constraints, which can guarantee the stability and safety of the maglev transportation system in the operation process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vehicles Dynamics and Propulsion Technologies)
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12 pages, 2877 KiB  
Article
Reduced-Order Extended State Observer-Based Sliding Mode Control for All-Clamped Plate Using an Inertial Actuator
by Juan Zhai, Shengquan Li, Zhuang Xu, Luyao Zhang and Juan Li
Energies 2022, 15(5), 1780; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15051780 - 28 Feb 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1674
Abstract
Considering the problems of total disturbances, i.e., higher harmonics, model uncertainties and external excitations in a practical vibration control system, a compound vibration suppression method is proposed for an all-clamped plate, which combines sliding mode control (SMC) with reduced-order extended state observer (RESO). [...] Read more.
Considering the problems of total disturbances, i.e., higher harmonics, model uncertainties and external excitations in a practical vibration control system, a compound vibration suppression method is proposed for an all-clamped plate, which combines sliding mode control (SMC) with reduced-order extended state observer (RESO). First, a state space model of the all-clamped plate with inertial actuator is established. Second, a RESO is designed to estimate the system state variables and total disturbances in real time. In addition, the total disturbances can further be attenuated by RESO through a feedforward compensation part. Third, a sliding mode controller based on the estimation values is designed for a vibration control system. The Lyapunov stability theorem is further applied to prove the stability of the whole closed-loop vibration control system with the proposed controller. Finally, vibration control experiment equipment is built based on the NI-PCIe acquisition card, inertial actuator and acceleration sensor to verify the vibration suppression performances of the proposed method. The experimental results show that the amplitude value of vibration has been reduced by 75.2% with the proposed method, while the amplitude value is reduced by 54.5% with the traditional sliding mode control method based on an extended state observer (SMC-ESO). The comparative experimental results illustrate that the proposed method has excellent anti-disturbance and vibration suppression performances. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vehicles Dynamics and Propulsion Technologies)
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Review

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26 pages, 6055 KiB  
Review
Control Methods for Levitation System of EMS-Type Maglev Vehicles: An Overview
by Fengxing Li, Yougang Sun, Junqi Xu, Zhenyu He and Guobin Lin
Energies 2023, 16(7), 2995; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16072995 - 24 Mar 2023
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 5987
Abstract
As new advanced vehicles, electromagnetic suspension (EMS)-type maglev trains have received wide attention because of their advantages such as high speed, no mechanical friction, low noise, low cost and energy consumption, strong climbing ability, and green environmental protection. The open-loop instability is one [...] Read more.
As new advanced vehicles, electromagnetic suspension (EMS)-type maglev trains have received wide attention because of their advantages such as high speed, no mechanical friction, low noise, low cost and energy consumption, strong climbing ability, and green environmental protection. The open-loop instability is one of the key points and difficulties for the levitation control systems of maglev trains. The closed-loop feedback control method must be applied to realize stable levitation. However, there are currently many levitation control methods just in theory. Considering their advantages and disadvantages, it is a major demand for maglev trains to select efficient, stable, applicable, and cost-saving methods to improve their dynamic performance and safety, which motivated this review. First, the current status of research on maglev trains is introduced in this paper, including types, system components, and research modes in various countries, followed by an analysis of the levitation control methods for EMS-type maglev trains. Then, the technical characteristics of the levitation control systems are described according to the basic principles of levitation systems, model building, mathematical derivation, and control objectives. Next, three kinds of typical levitation control methods are reviewed, namely, linear state feedback methods, nonlinear control methods, and intelligent control methods, according to their improvements and applications. Lastly, we summarize and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the three methods, and future developments of levitation control are suggested. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vehicles Dynamics and Propulsion Technologies)
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