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Information Theory Applications in Biology

A special issue of Entropy (ISSN 1099-4300). This special issue belongs to the section "Information Theory, Probability and Statistics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2019) | Viewed by 14314

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
Interests: theoretical ecology; ecological network analysis; information theory in ecology; metaphysics of ecology; dialogue between science & religion

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Guest Editor
1. Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, CP 6513677, Santiago, Chile
2. The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87131, USA
Interests: theoretical ecology; the emergence of social complexity; integration of theories in ecology

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Guest Editor
Department of Zoology, Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
Interests: climate change ecology; biodiversity and biodiversity change; marine community ecology; metabolic scaling and metacommunity processes

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Guest Editor
1. Energy and Resources Group, and Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
2. The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87131, USA
Interests: climate–ecosystem linkages; understanding patterns in the distribution and abundance of species across spatial scales and across habitats and taxonomic groups; using MaxEnt to develop unified and parsimonious theory of the distribution, abundance, and energetics of species in both static and dynamic ecosystems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada
Interests: ecology; evolutionary rescue; biodiversity change; metacommunities; connectivity

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Guest Editor
The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87131, USA
Interests: macroecology; the maximum entropy theory of ecology; neutral theory

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It was Walter Elsasser who reminded us that physics is predicated entirely upon the treatment of homogeneous (identical) objects, whereas biology deals with massive heterogeneities. Iconic physical models deal with systems that interact at most weakly, while ecosystems links are strong and defining. Information theory shows promise for complementing conventional dynamics in our pursuit of understanding ecosystem behavior.

Information, or the difference that makes a difference, deals explicitly with differences among distributions of heterogeneous classes. Combining information theory with network representation, for example, allows one to treat significant interactions among disparate groups. Moreover, in biology, stochasticity is ever present, and thus information theory, which is predicated upon the absence of certainty, provides a natural and appropriate means of investigation.

To facilitate how information theory can complement conventional ecosystems science, the Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) is inviting contributions to a volume entitled, “Information Theory Applications in Biology”. Information as considered in biology appears in three distinct manifestations. Firstly, there is the very apparent presence of information among species genomes and as transmitted in visual, audible, olfactory, and sensory cues. There is also information that inheres in the very dynamical structure of ecosystems that can be estimated and used to quantify the organizational status of a system, its loci of limiting interactions, and the prognostication of structural changes. In addition, the variational principle of Maximum Entropy that combines information theory and statistics has become a powerful tool in our understanding of physical and biological systems, in particular to tackle the fundamental challenge of making inferences under limited knowledge. New contributions that critically apply the principle of Maximum Entropy to problems in biology or biophysics, compare it with other methods or approaches, extend and modify it to deal with phenomena for which it has not yet been successfully applied, or review its use in a particular scientific domain within biology are encouraged. Submissions are sought in any of these three categories, and those that emphasize quantitative treatments are especially welcomed.

Appropriate contributions are encouraged from a wide range of investigators, including biologists, physical scientists, and mathematicians. Submissions should include examples of current or potential applications of information theory in biology or medicine. Authors are encouraged to make their contribution accessible to a wide range of science graduates, without compromising scientific content or flow, for example, via a table of symbols and jargon, and to include definitions understandable to most science graduates. The addition of a supplementary short (e.g., three minute) video,  explaining in plain language the general significance of the major finding(s), would be especially valuable.

Prof. Robert E. Ulanowicz
Prof. Pablo A. Marquet
Dr. Mary I. O'Connor
Prof. John Harte
Prof. Andrew Gonzalez
Dr. Andrew Rominger
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Entropy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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20 pages, 1632 KiB  
Article
A Comparison of the Maximum Entropy Principle Across Biological Spatial Scales
by Rodrigo Cofré, Rubén Herzog, Derek Corcoran and Fernando E. Rosas
Entropy 2019, 21(10), 1009; https://doi.org/10.3390/e21101009 - 16 Oct 2019
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4788
Abstract
Despite their differences, biological systems at different spatial scales tend to exhibit common organizational patterns. Unfortunately, these commonalities are often hard to grasp due to the highly specialized nature of modern science and the parcelled terminology employed by various scientific sub-disciplines. To explore [...] Read more.
Despite their differences, biological systems at different spatial scales tend to exhibit common organizational patterns. Unfortunately, these commonalities are often hard to grasp due to the highly specialized nature of modern science and the parcelled terminology employed by various scientific sub-disciplines. To explore these common organizational features, this paper provides a comparative study of diverse applications of the maximum entropy principle, which has found many uses at different biological spatial scales ranging from amino acids up to societies. By presenting these studies under a common approach and language, this paper aims to establish a unified view over these seemingly highly heterogeneous scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Information Theory Applications in Biology)
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22 pages, 1131 KiB  
Communication
Derivations of the Core Functions of the Maximum Entropy Theory of Ecology
by Alexander B. Brummer and Erica A. Newman
Entropy 2019, 21(7), 712; https://doi.org/10.3390/e21070712 - 21 Jul 2019
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 5993
Abstract
The Maximum Entropy Theory of Ecology (METE), is a theoretical framework of macroecology that makes a variety of realistic ecological predictions about how species richness, abundance of species, metabolic rate distributions, and spatial aggregation of species interrelate in a given region. In the [...] Read more.
The Maximum Entropy Theory of Ecology (METE), is a theoretical framework of macroecology that makes a variety of realistic ecological predictions about how species richness, abundance of species, metabolic rate distributions, and spatial aggregation of species interrelate in a given region. In the METE framework, “ecological state variables” (representing total area, total species richness, total abundance, and total metabolic energy) describe macroecological properties of an ecosystem. METE incorporates these state variables into constraints on underlying probability distributions. The method of Lagrange multipliers and maximization of information entropy (MaxEnt) lead to predicted functional forms of distributions of interest. We demonstrate how information entropy is maximized for the general case of a distribution, which has empirical information that provides constraints on the overall predictions. We then show how METE’s two core functions are derived. These functions, called the “Spatial Structure Function” and the “Ecosystem Structure Function” are the core pieces of the theory, from which all the predictions of METE follow (including the Species Area Relationship, the Species Abundance Distribution, and various metabolic distributions). Primarily, we consider the discrete distributions predicted by METE. We also explore the parameter space defined by the METE’s state variables and Lagrange multipliers. We aim to provide a comprehensive resource for ecologists who want to understand the derivations and assumptions of the basic mathematical structure of METE. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Information Theory Applications in Biology)
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7 pages, 247 KiB  
Opinion
Information Across the Ecological Hierarchy
by Robert E. Ulanowicz
Entropy 2019, 21(10), 949; https://doi.org/10.3390/e21100949 - 27 Sep 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2769
Abstract
The ecosystem is a theatre upon which is presented, in various degrees and at differing scales, a drama of constraint and information vs. disorganization and entropy. Concerning biology, most think immediately of genomic information. It strongly constrains the form and behavior of individual [...] Read more.
The ecosystem is a theatre upon which is presented, in various degrees and at differing scales, a drama of constraint and information vs. disorganization and entropy. Concerning biology, most think immediately of genomic information. It strongly constrains the form and behavior of individual species, but its influence upon community structure is indeterminate. At the community level, information acts as a formal cause behind regular patterns of development. Community structure is an amalgam of information and entropy, and the Gibbs–Boltzmann formula departs from the thermodynamic sense of entropy. It measures only the extreme that entropy might reach if the elements of the system were completely independent. A closer analogy to physical entropy in systems with interactions is the conditional entropy—the amount by which the Shannon measure is reduced after the information in the constraints among elements has been subtracted. Finally, at the whole ecosystem level, in communities that inhabit mostly fixed physical environments (e.g., landscapes or seabeds), the distributions of plants and animals appear to be independent both of causal mechanisms and trophic controls, and assume instead forms that maximize the overall entropy of dispersal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Information Theory Applications in Biology)
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