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Entropy
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Stochastic Thermodynamics of Microscopic Systems
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Stochastic Thermodynamics of Microscopic Systems

A special issue of Entropy (ISSN 1099-4300). This special issue belongs to the section "Thermodynamics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (22 November 2024) | Viewed by 3387

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Welles Antonio Martinez Morgado

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento de Física, National Institute of Science and Technology for Complex Systems, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Rio de Janeiro 22452-970, Brazil
Interests: statistical mechanics; heat conduction for non-linear chains; thermodynamics of nano-machines; fluctuation theorems; non-Markovian processes; granular physics
Dr. Silvio Manuel Duarte Queiros

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, National Institute of Science and Technology for Complex Systems, Rio de Janeiro 22290-180, Brazil
Interests: statistical mechanics; athermal reservoirs; small systems; quantum walks; complex systems

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Advances in technology have opened the microscopic world to controlled experiments. For micro- and nanodevices, fluctuations are an unavoidable part of the behavior of such systems. Stochastic thermodynamics, a branch of non-equilibrium statistical physics, is a tool for the understanding of the heat and work exchanges at these scales.

Stochastic thermodynamics deals with small systems, interacting with heat, work, or particle reservoirs, and under external manipulation. The stochastic characteristic of thermodynamics led to new phenomena, such as the existence of fluctuation theorems, for heat and work, which govern non-equilibrium physics. One of its consequences is the apparent violation of the second law, or of Landauer’s principle. 

Since the equilibrium state is the state with the least information on it, for systems described by stochastic thermodynamics, there is very significant quantity of information. 

This Special Issue aims to be a channel for recent research on mesoscopic systems, such that their interactions can be well modelled by stochastic thermodynamics. It also aims to present special systems on the frontier of biology and physics, such as nano-machines and driven enzymes, and mesoscopic manipulated systems.

Dr. Welles Antonio Martinez Morgado
Dr. Silvio Manuel Duarte Queiros
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Entropy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • non-equilibrium statistical mechanics
  • stochastic thermodynamics
  • fluctuation relations
  • small systems
  • information

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 658 KiB  
Article
Heat Transport Hysteresis Generated Through Frequency Switching of a Time-Dependent Temperature Gradient
by Renai Chen and Galen T. Craven
Entropy 2025, 27(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/e27010018 - 30 Dec 2024
Viewed by 480
Abstract
A stochastic energetics framework is applied to examine how periodically shifting the frequency of a time-dependent oscillating temperature gradient affects heat transport in a nanoscale molecular model. We specifically examine the effects that frequency switching, i.e., instantaneously changing the oscillation frequency of the [...] Read more.
A stochastic energetics framework is applied to examine how periodically shifting the frequency of a time-dependent oscillating temperature gradient affects heat transport in a nanoscale molecular model. We specifically examine the effects that frequency switching, i.e., instantaneously changing the oscillation frequency of the temperature gradient, has on the shape of the heat transport hysteresis curves generated by a particle connected to two thermal baths, each with a temperature that is oscillating in time. Analytical expressions are derived for the energy fluxes in/out of the system and the baths, with excellent agreement observed between the analytical expressions and the results from nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. We find that the shape of the heat transport hysteresis curves can be significantly altered by shifting the frequency between fast and slow oscillation regimes. We also observe the emergence of features in the hysteresis curves such as pinched loops and complex multi-loop patterns due to the frequency shifting. The presented results have implications in the design of thermal neuromorphic devices such as thermal memristors and thermal memcapacitors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stochastic Thermodynamics of Microscopic Systems)
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22 pages, 1473 KiB  
Article
Stochastic Entropy Production Associated with Quantum Measurement in a Framework of Markovian Quantum State Diffusion
by Claudia L. Clarke and Ian J. Ford
Entropy 2024, 26(12), 1024; https://doi.org/10.3390/e26121024 - 26 Nov 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 569
Abstract
The reduced density matrix that characterises the state of an open quantum system is a projection from the full density matrix of the quantum system and its environment, and there are many full density matrices consistent with a given reduced version. Without a [...] Read more.
The reduced density matrix that characterises the state of an open quantum system is a projection from the full density matrix of the quantum system and its environment, and there are many full density matrices consistent with a given reduced version. Without a specification of relevant details of the environment, the time evolution of a reduced density matrix is therefore typically unpredictable, even if the dynamics of the full density matrix are deterministic. With this in mind, we investigate a two-level open quantum system using a framework of quantum state diffusion. We consider the pseudorandom evolution of its reduced density matrix when subjected to an environment-driven process that performs a continuous quantum measurement of a system observable, invoking dynamics that asymptotically send the system to one of the relevant eigenstates. The unpredictability is characterised by a stochastic entropy production, the average of which corresponds to an increase in the subjective uncertainty of the quantum state adopted by the system and environment, given the underspecified dynamics. This differs from a change in von Neumann entropy, and can continue indefinitely as the system is guided towards an eigenstate. As one would expect, the simultaneous measurement of two non-commuting observables within the same framework does not send the system to an eigenstate. Instead, the probability density function describing the reduced density matrix of the system becomes stationary over a continuum of pure states, a situation characterised by zero further stochastic entropy production. Transitions between such stationary states, brought about by changes in the relative strengths of the two measurement processes, give rise to finite positive mean stochastic entropy production. The framework investigated can offer useful perspectives on both the dynamics and irreversible thermodynamics of measurement in quantum systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stochastic Thermodynamics of Microscopic Systems)
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13 pages, 1327 KiB  
Article
Lévy Flight Model of Gaze Trajectories to Assist in ADHD Diagnoses
by Christos Papanikolaou, Akriti Sharma, Pedro G. Lind and Pedro Lencastre
Entropy 2024, 26(5), 392; https://doi.org/10.3390/e26050392 - 30 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1553
Abstract
The precise mathematical description of gaze patterns remains a topic of ongoing debate, impacting the practical analysis of eye-tracking data. In this context, we present evidence supporting the appropriateness of a Lévy flight description for eye-gaze trajectories, emphasizing its beneficial scale-invariant properties. Our [...] Read more.
The precise mathematical description of gaze patterns remains a topic of ongoing debate, impacting the practical analysis of eye-tracking data. In this context, we present evidence supporting the appropriateness of a Lévy flight description for eye-gaze trajectories, emphasizing its beneficial scale-invariant properties. Our study focuses on utilizing these properties to aid in diagnosing Attention-Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children, in conjunction with standard cognitive tests. Using this method, we found that the distribution of the characteristic exponent of Lévy flights statistically is different in children with ADHD. Furthermore, we observed that these children deviate from a strategy that is considered optimal for searching processes, in contrast to non-ADHD children. We focused on the case where both eye-tracking data and data from a cognitive test are present and show that the study of gaze patterns in children with ADHD can help in identifying this condition. Since eye-tracking data can be gathered during cognitive tests without needing extra time-consuming specific tasks, we argue that it is in a prime position to provide assistance in the arduous task of diagnosing ADHD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stochastic Thermodynamics of Microscopic Systems)
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