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Medical Information Processing

A special issue of Entropy (ISSN 1099-4300). This special issue belongs to the section "Signal and Data Analysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2021) | Viewed by 10290

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Computer Systems Languages and Sw Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Interests: data mining; data science project development; medical data analysis; NLP in medical domain
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Computing and Data Science, College of Computing, Birmingham City University, Millennium Point, 1 Curzon Street, Birmingham B4 7XG, UK
Interests: artificial intelligence; data mining; data stream mining; machine learning; random forests
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

The abundance of medical data coupled with the advances in machine learning algorithms have led to notable progress in the area of medical information processing over the past decade. A persistent challenge in medical data processing is the uncertainty of machine learning models that negatively affects their trustworthiness. Despite the continuing progress of machine learning accuracy in the medical domain, trust in these models has been an issue. This is especially true with the significant leaps in progress when adopting deep learning in the medical domain because of the black box nature of the produced models. This Special Issue invites contributions from both academia and the industry to report on their results using different machine learning and theoretical information methods applied in the medical domain. Topics addressing the uncertainty of machine learning methods and explainability of black box models are especially welcome although we also welcome contributions from the wider domain of medical information processing.

Dr. Ernestina Menasalvas
Prof. Dr. Mohamed Medhat Gaber
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Deep learning methods on medical data
  • Uncertainty quantification of machine learning models
  • Information theory in machine learning applied in the medical domain
  • Explainability of machine learning models in the medical domain
  • Applications of information theory in medical data processing

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 10018 KiB  
Article
Alien Attack: A Non-Pharmaceutical Complement for ADHD Treatment
by Sofia Ahufinger and Pilar Herrero-Martín
Entropy 2021, 23(10), 1321; https://doi.org/10.3390/e23101321 - 11 Oct 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3310
Abstract
Mental health issues are among the most common health issues nowadays, with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) being the most common neurobehavioral disorder affecting children and adolescents. ADHD is a heterogeneous disease affecting patients in various cognitive domains that play a key role in [...] Read more.
Mental health issues are among the most common health issues nowadays, with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) being the most common neurobehavioral disorder affecting children and adolescents. ADHD is a heterogeneous disease affecting patients in various cognitive domains that play a key role in daily life, academic development, and social abilities. Furthermore, ADHD affects not only patients but also their families and their whole environment. Although the main treatment is based on pharmacotherapy, combined therapies including cognitive training and psychological therapy are often recommended. In this paper, we propose a user-centered application called Alien Attack for cognitive training of children with ADHD, based on working memory, inhibitory control, and reaction-time tasks, to be used as a non-pharmacological complement for ADHD treatment in order to potentiate the patients’ executive functions (EFs) and promote some beneficial effects of therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medical Information Processing)
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16 pages, 1920 KiB  
Article
On Building and Evaluating a Medical Records Exploration Interface Using Text Mining Techniques
by Úrsula Torres Parejo, Jesús Roque Campaña, María Amparo Vila and Miguel Delgado
Entropy 2021, 23(10), 1275; https://doi.org/10.3390/e23101275 - 29 Sep 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1785
Abstract
Medical records contain many terms that are difficult to process. Our aim in this study is to allow visual exploration of the information in medical databases where texts present a large number of syntactic variations and abbreviations by using an interface that facilitates [...] Read more.
Medical records contain many terms that are difficult to process. Our aim in this study is to allow visual exploration of the information in medical databases where texts present a large number of syntactic variations and abbreviations by using an interface that facilitates content identification, navigation, and information retrieval. We propose the use of multi-term tag clouds as content representation tools and as assistants for browsing and querying tasks. The tag cloud generation is achieved by using a novelty mathematical method that allows related terms to remain grouped together within the tags. To evaluate this proposal, we have carried out a survey over a spanish database with 24,481 records. For this purpose, 23 expert users in the medical field were tasked to test the interface and answer some questions in order to evaluate the generated tag clouds properties. In addition, we obtained a precision of 0.990, a recall of 0.870, and a F1-score of 0.904 in the evaluation of the tag cloud as an information retrieval tool. The main contribution of this approach is that we automatically generate a visual interface over the text capable of capturing the semantics of the information and facilitating access to medical records, obtaining a high degree of satisfaction in the evaluation survey. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medical Information Processing)
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21 pages, 6872 KiB  
Article
3E-Net: Entropy-Based Elastic Ensemble of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Grading of Invasive Breast Carcinoma Histopathological Microscopic Images
by Zakaria Senousy, Mohammed M. Abdelsamea, Mona Mostafa Mohamed and Mohamed Medhat Gaber
Entropy 2021, 23(5), 620; https://doi.org/10.3390/e23050620 - 16 May 2021
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3980
Abstract
Automated grading systems using deep convolution neural networks (DCNNs) have proven their capability and potential to distinguish between different breast cancer grades using digitized histopathological images. In digital breast pathology, it is vital to measure how confident a DCNN is in grading using [...] Read more.
Automated grading systems using deep convolution neural networks (DCNNs) have proven their capability and potential to distinguish between different breast cancer grades using digitized histopathological images. In digital breast pathology, it is vital to measure how confident a DCNN is in grading using a machine-confidence metric, especially with the presence of major computer vision challenging problems such as the high visual variability of the images. Such a quantitative metric can be employed not only to improve the robustness of automated systems, but also to assist medical professionals in identifying complex cases. In this paper, we propose Entropy-based Elastic Ensemble of DCNN models (3E-Net) for grading invasive breast carcinoma microscopy images which provides an initial stage of explainability (using an uncertainty-aware mechanism adopting entropy). Our proposed model has been designed in a way to (1) exclude images that are less sensitive and highly uncertain to our ensemble model and (2) dynamically grade the non-excluded images using the certain models in the ensemble architecture. We evaluated two variations of 3E-Net on an invasive breast carcinoma dataset and we achieved grading accuracy of 96.15% and 99.50%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medical Information Processing)
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