Mixed Culture Fermentation

A special issue of Fermentation (ISSN 2311-5637). This special issue belongs to the section "Fermentation Process Design".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2022) | Viewed by 9837

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
Interests: yeast; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; fermentation; lactic acid; beer

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Although pure culture fermentation dominates the global beverage fermentation industry, all beer- and wine-like beverages were originally the result of spontaneous fermentation by mixed cultures of microorganisms. Historically, this practice has continued in some brewing enclaves, typified by the Belgian Lambic tradition, but it has also seen a recent resurgence among craft brewers and home brewers worldwide. These populations of microbes and their influences on the final product have been understudied, and in many cases, the mixed cultures themselves are only defined at the level of knowing that “yeasts and bacteria” are involved.

However, recent research in this field has begun to shed light on mixed culture fermentation. Deep sequencing analyses have revealed that dozens of bacterial and yeast species are often involved. Similarly, comparative analyses of beverages produced with different mixed cultures by mass spectrometry and other analytical techniques demonstrate the vast and varied array of organoleptic compounds produced during fermentation and aging.

This Special Issue will include recent studies into the mysteries of mixed cultures used for fermentation and reviews of the current state of the art in the field. Work focused on beer, wine, kombucha, mead, cider, and/or other beverages is all of interest. If you would like to contribute a review manuscript, please contact me to discuss the relevance of the topic prior to submitting your manuscript.

Dr. Matthew L. Bochman
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • mixed culture
  • fermentation
  • yeast
  • bacteria
  • spontaneous fermentation
  • beer
  • wine
  • kombucha

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 4492 KiB  
Article
Promotion of the Hypocrellin Yield by a Co-Culture of Shiraia bambusicola (GDMCC 60438) with Arthrinium sp. AF-5 Fungus
by Xiaoxiao Yan, Yongdi Wen, Menghua Hu, Zhenqiang Wu and Xiaofei Tian
Fermentation 2021, 7(4), 316; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7040316 - 16 Dec 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3421
Abstract
Hypocrellin is a natural 3,10-xylene-4,9-anthracene derivative compound that originates from the stroma of Shiraia bambusicola (S. bambusicola) and Hypocrella bambusae with excellent photobiological activities. Submerged fermentation with the mycelia of S. bambusicola is generally regarded as an ideal technology for hypocrellin [...] Read more.
Hypocrellin is a natural 3,10-xylene-4,9-anthracene derivative compound that originates from the stroma of Shiraia bambusicola (S. bambusicola) and Hypocrella bambusae with excellent photobiological activities. Submerged fermentation with the mycelia of S. bambusicola is generally regarded as an ideal technology for hypocrellin production. This study developed a co-cultivation strategy for an obvious promotion of the hypocrellin yield by incubating S. bambusicola (GDMCC 60438) with the endophyte fungus Arthrinium sp. AF-5 isolated from the bamboo tissue. The results indicated that the yield of hypocrellin A (HA) reached a 66.75 mg/g carbon source after an 84-h co-cultivation of the two strains, which was a four-time increase of that by the fermentation only with the S. bambusicola. The microscope observation found that the mycelia of the two strains were intertwined with each other to form the mycelium pellets during the co-cultivation. Moreover, the mycelium pellets of the co-culture showed a contracted and slightly damaged morphology. The addition of H2O2 in the fermentation media could further increase the HA production by 18.31%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mixed Culture Fermentation)
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20 pages, 7495 KiB  
Article
Mixed-Culture Metagenomics of the Microbes Making Sour Beer
by Renan Eugênio Araujo Piraine, Fábio Pereira Leivas Leite and Matthew L. Bochman
Fermentation 2021, 7(3), 174; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7030174 - 30 Aug 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4792
Abstract
Mixed microbial cultures create sour beers but many brewers do not know which microbes comprise their cultures. The objective of this work was to use deep sequencing to identify microorganisms in sour beers brewed by spontaneous and non-spontaneous methods. Twenty samples were received [...] Read more.
Mixed microbial cultures create sour beers but many brewers do not know which microbes comprise their cultures. The objective of this work was to use deep sequencing to identify microorganisms in sour beers brewed by spontaneous and non-spontaneous methods. Twenty samples were received from brewers, which were processed for microbiome analysis by next generation sequencing. For bacteria, primers were used to amplify the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene; fungal DNA detection was performed using primers to amplify the entire internal transcribed spacer region. The sequencing results were then used for taxonomy assignment, sample composition, and diversity analyses, as well as nucleotide BLAST searching. We identified 60 genera and 140 species of bacteria, of which the most prevalent were Lactobacillus acetotolerans, Pediococcus damnosus, and Ralstonia picketti/mannitolilytica. In fungal identification, 19 genera and 26 species were found, among which the most common yeasts were Brettanomyces bruxellensis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In some cases, genetic material from more than 60 microorganisms was found in a single sample. In conclusion, we were able to determine the microbiomes of various mixed cultures used to produce beer, providing useful information to better understand the sour beer fermentation process and brewing techniques. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mixed Culture Fermentation)
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