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Effect of Dietary Supplementation on the Growth and Immunity of...
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Effect of Dietary Supplementation on the Growth and Immunity of Fish and Shellfish—2nd Edition

A special issue of Fishes (ISSN 2410-3888). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Feeding".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 3891

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Qiyou Xu

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Guest Editor
Life Science Department, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
Interests: immunity; antioxidation; intestinal health; gut microbiota; reproductive nutrition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jianhua Ming

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Guest Editor
Life Science Department, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
Interests: aquatic animal nutrition and feed science; aquatic animal physiology and molecular immunology; animal nutrition, immunity, anti-stress and metabolic regulation
Dr. Fei Song

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Guest Editor
Department of Biology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
Interests: aquaculture nutrition and feeds
Dr. Changle Qi

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Guest Editor
School of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
Interests: invertebrate nutrition; reproductive nutrition; nutrition metabolism
Dr. Chuanpeng Zhou

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Guest Editor
South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
Interests: fish nutrition & feed technology; carbohydrate metabolism and utilization in fish; nutrition and immunology in fish

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the development of the aquatic feed industry, new feedstuff and feed additives have been developed, but their roles on the growth and immunity of different aquaculture animals remain to be examined. In addition to essential nutrients, feedstuffs and feed additives must contain some biologically active constituents to support fish growth and wellness. However, some also have adverse effects on growth performance due to the introduction of undesirable materials. This Special Issue focuses on the impacts of applying feedstuffs and additives on the growth and immunity of aquaculture animal, especially the recently developed feedstuff and additives.

Dr. Qiyou Xu
Dr. Jianhua Ming
Dr. Fei Song
Dr. Changle Qi
Dr. Chuanpeng Zhou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fishes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • immunity
  • antioxidation
  • intestinal health
  • gut microbiota
  • anti-stress
  • growth
  • feed additive
  • feedstuff

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 2082 KiB  
Article
Dietary β-1,3-Glucan Promotes Growth Performance and Enhances Non-Specific Immunity by Modulating Pattern Recognition Receptors in Juvenile Oriental River Prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense)
by Tailei Xu, Junbao Wang, Hao Xu, Zifan Wang, Yujie Liu, Hongfeng Bai, Yixiang Zhang, Youqin Kong, Yan Liu and Zhili Ding
Fishes 2024, 9(10), 379; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9100379 - 26 Sep 2024
Viewed by 573
Abstract
As a typical pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), β-1,3-glucan can engage with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to initiate an immune response. In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary β-1,3-glucan on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune response, intestinal health, and bacterial resistance in [...] Read more.
As a typical pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), β-1,3-glucan can engage with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to initiate an immune response. In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary β-1,3-glucan on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune response, intestinal health, and bacterial resistance in juvenile Macrobrachium nipponense. Prawns were fed with five experimental diets containing 0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4% β-1,3-glucan for eight weeks. The findings demonstrated that the inclusion of β-1,3-glucan improved weight gain and survival rate in prawns. Prawns fed with β-1,3-glucan exhibited elevated activities of hepatopancreatic ACP (acid phosphatase), AKP (alkaline phosphatase), and SOD (superoxide dismutase), while MDA (malondialdehyde) content was reduced. Expression levels of PRRs related genes including LGBP (lipopolysaccharide and β-1,3-glucan binding protein), lectin, and LBP (lipopolysaccharide-binding protein) were significantly increased in prawns fed with β-1,3-glucan. Intestinal flora analysis revealed suppression of Cyanobacteria abundance at the Phylum level and enhancement in Rhodobacter abundance at the genus level in prawns fed with a 0.2% β-1,3-glucan diet. Furthermore, prawns fed with 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4% β-1,3-glucan demonstrated significantly higher survival rates following Aeromonas hydrophila infection. In conclusion, β-1,3-glucan can activate PRRs to improve immune responses in M. nipponese. Within the range of β-1,3-glucan concentrations set in this experiment, it is recommended to add 0.18% of β-1,3-glucan to the diet, taking into account the positive effect of β-1,3-glucan on the survival rate of M. nipponensecu. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Dietary Supplementation on the Growth and Immunity of Fish and Shellfish—2nd Edition)
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14 pages, 1087 KiB  
Article
Effect of Dietary Copper on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Immunity in Juvenile Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)
by John Cosmas Kayiira, Haifeng Mi, Hualiang Liang, Mingchun Ren, Dongyu Huang, Lu Zhang and Tao Teng
Fishes 2024, 9(9), 369; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9090369 - 23 Sep 2024
Viewed by 968
Abstract
This study evaluated the optimal dietary copper (Cu) levels and their effects on growth performance, body composition, and antioxidant capacity in juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). A total of 360 fish (initial average weight (1.67 ± 0.01 g) and initial average [...] Read more.
This study evaluated the optimal dietary copper (Cu) levels and their effects on growth performance, body composition, and antioxidant capacity in juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). A total of 360 fish (initial average weight (1.67 ± 0.01 g) and initial average length (2.5 ± 0.2 cm)) were randomly assigned to 18 tanks, each containing 20 fish and six dietary Cu concentrations: 2.13 (control), 3.00, 3.66, 4.58, 4.64, and 5.72 mg/kg. The results indicated that fish receiving 3.00 mg/kg of Cu exhibited the best final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), and specific growth rate (SGR), with a significantly reduced feed conversion ratio (FCR). While body composition (moisture, protein, lipid, and ash) remained consistent across groups, plasma total protein (TP) levels increased with Cu supplementation. Elevated triglycerides (TG) and albumin (ALB) were noted at 4.64 and 5.72 mg/kg, respectively, while glucose (GLU) levels decreased with an increase in dietary Cu. Antioxidant capacity, assessed via hepatic glutathione (GSH) and the activities of catalase (CAT), and showed significant improvements at 3.00 and 3.66 mg/kg Cu, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed the highest activity at a dietary Cu level of 5.72 mg/kg. Additionally, the expressions of tgf-β and tnf-α genes were significantly upregulated at a dietary Cu level of 5.72 mg/kg, while il-8 and il-10 genes were upregulated at dietary 3.66 mg/kg. The expression of nrf2 was significantly upregulated in response to a dietary Cu level of 3.66 mg/kg compared to the control group, and the expression of the keap1 gene was significantly upregulated in the fish fed with 5.72 mg/kg of dietary Cu. The results indicated that appropriate dietary supplementation could promote the growth performance and improve the antioxidant status the immunity of largemouth bass, and the optimal Cu requirement for FCR and SGR were approximately 3.10 mg/kg and 3.00 mg/kg, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Dietary Supplementation on the Growth and Immunity of Fish and Shellfish—2nd Edition)
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11 pages, 2994 KiB  
Article
Effects of Soybean Isoflavones on the Growth Performance and Lipid Metabolism of the Juvenile Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis
by Mengyu Shi, Yisong He, Jiajun Zheng, Yang Xu, Yue Tan, Li Jia, Liqiao Chen, Jinyun Ye and Changle Qi
Fishes 2024, 9(9), 335; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9090335 - 26 Aug 2024
Viewed by 567
Abstract
In order to study the effects of soybean isoflavones on the growth performance and lipid metabolism of juvenile Chinese mitten crabs, six experimental diets were formulated by gradient supplementation with 0%, 0.004% and 0.008% soybean isoflavones at different dietary lipid levels (10% and [...] Read more.
In order to study the effects of soybean isoflavones on the growth performance and lipid metabolism of juvenile Chinese mitten crabs, six experimental diets were formulated by gradient supplementation with 0%, 0.004% and 0.008% soybean isoflavones at different dietary lipid levels (10% and 15%). The groups were named as follows: NF-0 group (10% fat and 0% SIFs), NF-0.004 group (10% fat and 0.004% SIFs), NF-0.008 group (10% fat and 0.008% SIFs), HF-0 group (15% fat and 0% SIFs), HF-0.004 group (15% fat and 0.004% SIFs) and HF-0.008 group (15% fat and 0.008% SIFs). All crabs with an initial weight of 0.4 ± 0.03 g were fed for 8 weeks. The results showed that dietary supplementation with 0.004% or 0.008% SIFs significantly increased the weight gain and specific growth rate of crabs. Diets supplemented with 0.004% or 0.008% SIFs significantly reduced the content of non-esterified free fatty acids and triglycerides in the hepatopancreas of crabs at the 10% dietary lipid level. Dietary SIFs significantly decreased the relative mRNA expressions of elongase of very-long-chain fatty acids 6 (elovl6), triglyceride lipase (tgl), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (srebp-1), carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1a (cpt-1a), fatty acid transporter protein 4 (fatp4), carnitine palmitoyltransferase-2 (cpt-2), Δ9 fatty acyl desaturase (Δ9 fad), carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1b (cpt-1b), fatty acid-binding protein 10 (fabp10) and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (mttp) in the hepatopancreas of crabs. At the 15% dietary lipid level, 0.008% SIFs significantly increased the relative mRNA expressions of fatty acid-binding protein 3 (fabp3), carnitine acetyltransferase (caat), fatp4, fabp10, tgl, cpt-1a, cpt-1b and cpt-2 and significantly down-regulated the relative mRNA expressions of Δ9 fad and srebp-1. In conclusion, SIFs can improve the growth and utilization of a high-fat diet by inhibiting genes related to lipid synthesis and promoting lipid decomposition in juvenile Chinese mitten crabs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Dietary Supplementation on the Growth and Immunity of Fish and Shellfish—2nd Edition)
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14 pages, 2332 KiB  
Article
Effects of Dietary L-glutamic acid on the Growth Performance, Gene Expression Associated with Muscle Growth-Related Gene Expression, and Intestinal Health of Juvenile Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)
by Feifan Jiang, Wenqing Huang, Meng Zhou, Hongyan Gao, Xiaozhou Lu, Zhoulin Yu, Miao Sun and Yanhua Huang
Fishes 2024, 9(8), 312; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9080312 - 6 Aug 2024
Viewed by 729
Abstract
The present research examined the impact of L-glutamic acid (Glu) supplementation on the growth performance, muscle composition, gene expression correlated with muscle growth, and intestinal health of largemouth bass. There were 525 fish in total, which were distributed randomly into five groups. Each [...] Read more.
The present research examined the impact of L-glutamic acid (Glu) supplementation on the growth performance, muscle composition, gene expression correlated with muscle growth, and intestinal health of largemouth bass. There were 525 fish in total, which were distributed randomly into five groups. Each group had three replicates, and each replicate consisted of 35 fish. Groups with control and experimental diets were assigned glutamic acid amounts of 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8%. The findings demonstrated that glutamic acid supplementation enhanced growth performance, feed intake (FI), and condition factor (CF), with the best value being attained at 0.4% Glu. The mean muscle fiber area was increased and the muscle fiber density was decreased in the 0.6% Glu group. The levels of total amino acids and specific amino acids, such as glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine, valine, alanine, and glycine, were shown to be higher in the 0.6% Glu group. In the 0.6% Glu group, the mRNA expression levels of atrogin-1, murf-1, foxo3a, and 4e-bp1 were decreased compared to the control group. Conversely, the mRNA expression levels of myf5, myog, myod, s6k1, tor, akt, and pi3k were increased in the 0.6% Glu group compared to the control group. The 0.4% Glu group had higher intestinal amylase, lipase, and protease activities and greater villus height, villus width, and muscle thickness. In summary, Glu can support largemouth bass growth, muscular development, intestinal digestion, and absorption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Dietary Supplementation on the Growth and Immunity of Fish and Shellfish—2nd Edition)
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11 pages, 2233 KiB  
Article
Effects of Dietary Glutamate on the Growth Performance and Antioxidant Capacity of Juvenile Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis)
by Jiajun Zheng, Yisong He, Mengyu Shi, Li Jia, Yang Xu, Yue Tan, Changle Qi and Jinyun Ye
Fishes 2024, 9(8), 306; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9080306 - 3 Aug 2024
Viewed by 594
Abstract
In order to explore the effects of glutamate on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and protein metabolism of juvenile Chinese mitten crab, 0%, 1% and 2% glutamate were supplemented to low protein (30%) and normal protein (35%) diets, respectively. There were 5 parallel [...] Read more.
In order to explore the effects of glutamate on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and protein metabolism of juvenile Chinese mitten crab, 0%, 1% and 2% glutamate were supplemented to low protein (30%) and normal protein (35%) diets, respectively. There were 5 parallel tanks in each treatment, and the feeding duration was 8 weeks. The results showed that dietary glutamate did not significantly affect the weight gain of Chinese mitten crab. Diets supplemented with 2% glutamate significantly decreased the crude protein of crabs. The T-AOC of crabs fed the 30% protein diets was significantly lower than crabs fed the 35% protein diets. At 30% protein level, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity significantly increased with the increase in glutamate content. Dietary glutamate significantly down-regulated the relative expressions of mTOR, PI3K, S6K1 and 4EBP at 35% protein level. In conclusion, dietary glutamate cannot significantly increase the growth of Chinese mitten crab, but it can improve the antioxidant capacity in Chinese mitten crab under low protein conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Dietary Supplementation on the Growth and Immunity of Fish and Shellfish—2nd Edition)
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