Research Progress of Yeasts and Molds in Fermented Food Production

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 February 2024) | Viewed by 8209

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
2. Ningxia Helan Mountain’s East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station of Northwest A&F University, Yongning, Yinchuan 750104, China
Interests: metabolic engineering; microbial cell factory; microbial production of bioactive molecules; terpenoid biosynthesis; oleochemicals; aromatic chemicals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the past decade, the microbial production of  food, food flavors and additives has undergone continuous global advancement. Yeasts and molds  are excellent platforms for the production of safe, nutritious and sustainable foods such as dairy products, beverages and wine. Conventional strategies offer ready-to-use approaches to providing food and related products that conform to high quality and safety standards. Further, current advances in metabolic engineering and synthetic biotechnology have provided better opportunities for future food manufacture. Therefore, for this Special Issue, we invite authors to submit papers on the use of classic methods and advanced biotechnology to produce fermented foods. Original papers and reviews that focus on the manufacturing of fermented foods using yeasts and molds are welcome.

Dr. Xiaobing Yang
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • fermented food
  • bioactive molecules
  • food flavors
  • dairy products
  • wine
  • polyunsaturated fatty acid
  • microbial lipids
  • terpenoids
  • aromatic chemicals

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1598 KiB  
Article
Process Optimization for Production of Persimmon Wine with Lower Methanol
by Jinwen Wei, Yajun Li, Yijuan Liu, Silin Liu, Xiaobing Yang and Xue Wang
Foods 2024, 13(5), 748; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13050748 - 28 Feb 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1335
Abstract
Persimmon wine has various nutritional elements and high commercial potential. However, the high content of methanol, which is derived from the fruit’s pectin, always hinders persimmon wine production. To reduce the methanol level in the wine, the effects of persimmon cultivar, starter, pectinase, [...] Read more.
Persimmon wine has various nutritional elements and high commercial potential. However, the high content of methanol, which is derived from the fruit’s pectin, always hinders persimmon wine production. To reduce the methanol level in the wine, the effects of persimmon cultivar, starter, pectinase, and pretreatment methods were investigated via single-factor and orthogonal experiments. The persimmon cultivar ‘MaoKui’ was finally used throughout the study owing to its lowest pectin concentration (24.5 g/kg). The best treatment conditions against the persimmon pulp were pectinase (0.04 g/kg) at 30 °C for 4 h, then boiled at 115 °C for 15 min before fermentation started. The optimized fermentation conditions for wine production were pectinase (0.03 g/kg), 250 mg/kg starter (BO213 and SPARK with equal amounts), at 28 °C for 6 d. The obtained wine had 77.7 mg/L methanol and a 68.4% raw juice yield. The fruit wine had 111.4 mg/L methanol and a 90.6 sensory evaluation score. Forty-nine volatile aromas were identified. Ethyl acetate content was the highest, followed by 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2,3-butanediol, and lactate ethyl ester. The persimmon wine had a unique style with transparent color, elegant aroma, and pure taste. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress of Yeasts and Molds in Fermented Food Production)
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14 pages, 2346 KiB  
Article
The Screening and Isolation of Ethyl-Carbamate-Degrading Strains from Fermented Grains and Their Application in the Degradation of Ethyl Carbamate in Chinese Baijiu
by Siyu Xue, Naihui Dong, Kexin Xiong, Hui Guo, Yiwei Dai, Huipeng Liang, Yingxi Chen, Xinping Lin, Beiwei Zhu and Sufang Zhang
Foods 2023, 12(15), 2843; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12152843 - 27 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1469
Abstract
Ethyl carbamate (EC), a 2A carcinogen produced during the fermentation of foods and beverages, primarily occurs in distilled spirits. Currently, most studies focus on strategies for EC mitigation. In the present research, we aimed to screen strains that can degrade EC directly. Here, [...] Read more.
Ethyl carbamate (EC), a 2A carcinogen produced during the fermentation of foods and beverages, primarily occurs in distilled spirits. Currently, most studies focus on strategies for EC mitigation. In the present research, we aimed to screen strains that can degrade EC directly. Here, we report two Candida ethanolica strains (J1 and J116), isolated from fermented grains, which can reduce EC concentrations directly. These two yeasts were grown using EC as the sole carbon source, and they grew well on different carbon sources. Notably, after immobilization with chitosan, the two strains degraded EC in Chinese Baijiu by 42.27% and 27.91% in 24 h (from 253.03 ± 9.89 to 146.07 ± 1.67 and 182.42 ± 5.05 μg/L, respectively), which was better than the performance of the non-immobilized strains. Furthermore, the volatile organic compound content, investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, did not affect the main flavor substances in Chinese Baijiu. Thus, the yeasts J1 and J116 may be potentially used for the treatment and commercialization of Chinese Baijiu. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress of Yeasts and Molds in Fermented Food Production)
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Review

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16 pages, 897 KiB  
Review
Dual Role of Yeasts and Filamentous Fungi in Fermented Sausages
by Rossana Sidari and Rosanna Tofalo
Foods 2024, 13(16), 2547; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13162547 - 15 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 733
Abstract
This contribution aims to review the presence and the potential double role—positive or beneficial and negative or harmful—of fungi in fermented sausages as well as their use as starter cultures. Traditionally, studies have been focused on lactic acid bacteria; however, over the years, [...] Read more.
This contribution aims to review the presence and the potential double role—positive or beneficial and negative or harmful—of fungi in fermented sausages as well as their use as starter cultures. Traditionally, studies have been focused on lactic acid bacteria; however, over the years, interest in the study of fungi has increased. The important contribution of yeasts and filamentous fungi to the quality and safety of fermented sausages has emerged from reviewing the literature regarding these fermented products. In conclusion, this review contributes to the existing literature by considering the double role of filamentous fungi and yeasts, the global fermented sausage market size, the role and use of starters, and the starters mainly present in the worldwide market, as well as the main factors to take into account to optimize production. Finally, some suggestions for future broadening of the sector are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress of Yeasts and Molds in Fermented Food Production)
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19 pages, 886 KiB  
Review
Reviewing the Source, Physiological Characteristics, and Aroma Production Mechanisms of Aroma-Producing Yeasts
by Li Chen, Ke Li, Huitai Chen and Zongjun Li
Foods 2023, 12(18), 3501; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12183501 - 20 Sep 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3479
Abstract
Flavor is an essential element of food quality. Flavor can be improved by adding flavoring substances or via microbial fermentation to impart aroma. Aroma-producing yeasts are a group of microorganisms that can produce aroma compounds, providing a strong aroma to foods and thus [...] Read more.
Flavor is an essential element of food quality. Flavor can be improved by adding flavoring substances or via microbial fermentation to impart aroma. Aroma-producing yeasts are a group of microorganisms that can produce aroma compounds, providing a strong aroma to foods and thus playing a great role in the modern fermentation industry. The physiological characteristics of aroma-producing yeast, including alcohol tolerance, acid tolerance, and salt tolerance, are introduced in this article, beginning with their origins and biological properties. The main mechanism of aroma-producing yeast is then analyzed based on its physiological roles in the fermentation process. Functional enzymes such as proteases, lipases, and glycosidase are released by yeast during the fermentation process. Sugars, fats, and proteins in the environment can be degraded by these enzymes via pathways such as glycolysis, methoxylation, the Ehrlich pathway, and esterification, resulting in the production of various aromatic esters (such as ethyl acetate and ethyl caproate), alcohols (such as phenethyl alcohol), and terpenes (such as monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and squalene). Furthermore, yeast cells can serve as cell synthesis factories, wherein specific synthesis pathways can be introduced into cells using synthetic biology techniques to achieve high-throughput production. In addition, the applications of aroma yeast in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries are summarized, and the future development trends of aroma yeasts are discussed to provide a theoretical basis for their application in the food fermentation industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress of Yeasts and Molds in Fermented Food Production)
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