Current Advances on the Effects of Thermal Processing on Bioactive Compounds in Fruits and Vegetables

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Physics and (Bio)Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2021) | Viewed by 9469

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
DiAAA, Università degli Studi del Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, CB, Italy
Interests: vegetables; fruits; cereals; bioactive compounds; tocols; carotenoids; vitamins; technological treatments; drying

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Guest Editor
Università di Palermo, Dip Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 4 90128 Palermo (PA), Italy
Interests: drying; microwave; combined drying; pre-treatments; pulsed electric field; NMR relaxometry; phenols; volatile compounds; fruits

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with several beneficial health effects on different chronic disorders due to the bioactive compounds that they contain, such as flavonoids, vitamins, tocols, carotenoids, and xanthophylls. Thermal processing is one of the most widely employed unit operations in the food industry. The fruit and vegetable industry employs a number of types of heat processing treatments that can be combined and preceded by chemical–physical pre-treatments, depending on the product to be obtained. Drying and cooking are some of the oldest, most common, food processing methods. The basic purpose of the thermal processing of fruits and vegetables is the inhibition of microbial activity and enzyme activity and the promotion of physical or chemical changes to make the food edible and meet a certain quality standard. High temperatures may also modify the natural barriers in which some nutrients can be bio-encapsulated, resulting in an improvement in their extractability and, therefore, their bioavailability. Conversely, thermal treatments can result in damage to texture, colour, taste, and nutritional value. The degradation of bioactive compounds and changes in their structure, such as isomerization, commonly occur during heat treatments of vegetables or fruits, depending on the physical, structural, and nutritional characteristics of the products and the applied pre-treatments and thermal methods.

This Special Issue focuses on the evaluation of the effect of heat treatments on the content, modification, and bioavailability of bioactive compounds in fruits and vegetables. It aims to provide a fundamental understanding and define strategies to improve the nutritional value of thermally processed foods. 

Prof. Dr. Alessandra Fratianni
Prof. Dr. Luciano Cinquanta
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • fruits
  • vegetables
  • thermal treatments
  • drying
  • cooking
  • bioactive compounds
  • thermal degradation
  • isomerization
  • bioavailability
  • process markers

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 265 KiB  
Article
Loss or Gain of Lipophilic Bioactive Compounds in Vegetables after Domestic Cooking? Effect of Steaming and Boiling
by Alessandra Fratianni, Annacristina D’Agostino, Serena Niro, Annarita Bufano, Bruno Paura and Gianfranco Panfili
Foods 2021, 10(5), 960; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10050960 - 28 Apr 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3903
Abstract
Lipophilic antioxidants are essential components, which have been pointed as bioactive beneficial for human health. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of domestic cooking (boiling, steaming) on the main carotenoids (lutein and β-carotene) and tocols in four different green leafy vegetables: Sonchus [...] Read more.
Lipophilic antioxidants are essential components, which have been pointed as bioactive beneficial for human health. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of domestic cooking (boiling, steaming) on the main carotenoids (lutein and β-carotene) and tocols in four different green leafy vegetables: Sonchus asper L. Hill, Sonchus oleraceus L., Spinacia oleracea L. and Cichorium intybus L. The total content of the analyzed compounds was determined following the method of alkaline hydrolysis of the matrix and solvent extraction. The leaching of soluble solids after domestic cooking was found to determine a gain in the investigated bioactive compounds in the cooked vegetables, so to cause an apparent content increase in all leafy vegetables, when expressed as mg/100 g dry matter. Considering solid losses, all lipophilic compounds were not affected by boiling; on the contrary, steaming slightly significantly decreased the contents of lutein and β-carotene (on average 20 and 15%, respectively). Full article
14 pages, 1466 KiB  
Article
Evolution of Carotenoid Content, Antioxidant Activity and Volatiles Compounds in Dried Mango Fruits (Mangifera Indica L.)
by Alessandra Fratianni, Giuseppina Adiletta, Marisa Di Matteo, Gianfranco Panfili, Serena Niro, Carla Gentile, Vittorio Farina, Luciano Cinquanta and Onofrio Corona
Foods 2020, 9(10), 1424; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9101424 - 9 Oct 2020
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 4485
Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the evolution of carotenoid compounds, antioxidant β-ctivity, volatiles and sensory quality in two mango cultivars dried at 50, 60 and 70 °C. Total carotenoids in fresh samples were about 12 and 6 mg/100 g (dry [...] Read more.
The aim of this research was to study the evolution of carotenoid compounds, antioxidant β-ctivity, volatiles and sensory quality in two mango cultivars dried at 50, 60 and 70 °C. Total carotenoids in fresh samples were about 12 and 6 mg/100 g (dry basis) in Keitt and Osteen samples, respectively. β-carotene was the main carotenoid, representing about 50% of total carotenoids. In both cultivars, carotenoids were more susceptible to drying at 60 °C. Total phenols and metal reduction activity were higher in Osteen than in Keitt, which had higher values in radical scavenging capacity. The antioxidant activities were best preserved with drying temperatures at 50 °C in Keitt and 60 °C in Osteen fruits. Fresh Osteen mango fruits had a volatile compound content of about 37.1, while Keitt of about 5.2 mg/kg (dry basis). All the compounds with odorous impact were significantly reduced after drying. As regards organoleptic characteristics through sensory analysis, Keitt dried mangoes were quite similar to the fresh product, compared to Osteen. Full article
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