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New Insights on the Health Benefits of Vitamins, Minerals and Probiotics

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioactives and Nutraceuticals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 December 2024 | Viewed by 12153

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Francesca Uberti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department for Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 13100 Vercelli, Italy
Interests: absorption mechanism; anti-inflammatory properties; antioxidant defence; bioavailability; brain ageing; cartilage inflammation; cell pain signalling; cognitive decline; food supplement; gut microbiome; gut-brain axis; high molecular weight hyaluronic acid; in vitro study; inflammatory bowel syndrome; intestinal absorption; mental disorder; natural extracts; nerve injury; neuropathic pain model; neuropathy; nutraceutical approach; oral absorption; oral probiotic formulation; oral supplementation; osteoarthritis; oxidative stress; peripheral neuraxis damage; physiology; probiotic; synergy effect; tissue degradation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Claudia Penna

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università Degli Studi di Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
Interests: cardiovascular system; physiological endothelial functions; coronary circulation; metabolism; contractility; myocardial protection; endothelial cells; vitamins
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Gut microbiome deficiency is an emerging global public health issue. A modern aspect of medicine concerns the possibility of maintaining or restoring health through the fine control of physiological regulation mechanisms. Increasing evidence suggests that microbiota plays a key role in human physiology, spanning from intestinal to brain activities. and directly influencing several molecular pathways. Recent findings indicate how dysbiosis, a disproportion in the composition and organization of microbiome, could severely impact the development of different medical and unknown pathologies, providing new insight for the comprehension of several diseases, such as IBD, obesity, asthma, anxiety/depression disorders, stroke, diabetes, infertility, and cancer. For this reason, we have decided to launch a new issue including extensive themes on the physiological functions of vitamins, minerals, and probiotics capable of improving human health. This Special Issue aims to include reviews, original articles, and clinical trials on probiotics species differences, biodiversity, structures, mechanisms of action, biological activity on different human targets, biological markers, human microbiome alteration, and supplement therapy. It is expected that the study of microbiome's functionality in health and its dysfunctions in disorders could help new potential drugs to be indentified to combat different diseases.

Dr. Francesca Uberti
Prof. Dr. Claudia Penna
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microbiome
  • epigenetic alterations
  • molecular pathways
  • biomedicines
  • system biology
  • human diseases
  • dietary supplementation
  • disease prevention and treatment
  • gut/other tissues axes
  • clinical trials

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 3219 KiB  
Article
Vitamin D Receptor Regulates the Expression of the Grainyhead-Like 1 Gene
by Agnieszka Taracha-Wisniewska, Emma G. C. Parks, Michal Miller, Lidia Lipinska-Zubrycka, Sebastian Dworkin and Tomasz Wilanowski
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(14), 7913; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147913 - 19 Jul 2024
Viewed by 850
Abstract
Vitamin D plays an important pleiotropic role in maintaining global homeostasis of the human body. Its functions go far beyond skeletal health, playing a crucial role in a plethora of cellular functions, as well as in extraskeletal health, ensuring the proper functioning of [...] Read more.
Vitamin D plays an important pleiotropic role in maintaining global homeostasis of the human body. Its functions go far beyond skeletal health, playing a crucial role in a plethora of cellular functions, as well as in extraskeletal health, ensuring the proper functioning of multiple human organs, including the skin. Genes from the Grainyhead-like (GRHL) family code for transcription factors necessary for the development and maintenance of various epithelia. Even though they are involved in many processes regulated by vitamin D, a direct link between vitamin D-mediated cellular pathways and GRHL genes has never been described. We employed various bioinformatic methods, quantitative real-time PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation, reporter gene assays, and calcitriol treatments to investigate this issue. We report that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) binds to a regulatory region of the Grainyhead-like 1 (GRHL1) gene and regulates its expression. Ectopic expression of VDR and treatment with calcitriol alters the expression of the GRHL1 gene. The evidence presented here indicates a role of VDR in the regulation of expression of GRHL1 and correspondingly a role of GRHL1 in mediating the actions of vitamin D. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights on the Health Benefits of Vitamins, Minerals and Probiotics)
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17 pages, 2207 KiB  
Communication
The Role of Bifidobacterium bifidum novaBBF7, Bifidobacterium longum novaBLG2 and Lactobacillus paracasei TJB8 to Improve Mechanisms Linked to Neuronal Cells Protection against Oxidative Condition in a Gut-Brain Axis Model
by Sara Ferrari, Rebecca Galla, Simone Mulè, Giorgia Rosso, Arianna Brovero, Valentina Macchi, Sara Ruga and Francesca Uberti
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(15), 12281; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512281 - 31 Jul 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1925
Abstract
Despite the identification of several innovative targets for avoiding cognitive decline, there has yet to be a widely accepted approach that deals with minimising the deterioration of cognitive function. In this light, recent studies suggest that regulating the gut-brain axis with probiotics is [...] Read more.
Despite the identification of several innovative targets for avoiding cognitive decline, there has yet to be a widely accepted approach that deals with minimising the deterioration of cognitive function. In this light, recent studies suggest that regulating the gut-brain axis with probiotics is a potential therapeutic strategy to support brain health. For this reason, in vitro models were used to examine the efficacy of different probiotic combinations to enhance intestinal homeostasis and positively affect the brain. Therefore, the new formulation has been evaluated for its capacity to modify intestinal barrier functions in a 3D in vitro model without any adverse effects and directly impact the mechanisms underlying cognitive function in a gut-brain axis model. According to our findings, B. bifidum novaBBF7 10 mg/mL, B. longum novaBLG2 5 mg/mL and L. paracasei TJB8 10 mg/mL may successfully modify the intestinal barrier and improve SCFA production. Successively, the probiotics studied caused no harm at the neuronal level, as demonstrated by iNOS, mitochondrial potential, and cell viability tests, confirming their safety features and enhancing antioxidant mechanisms and antineuroinflammation activity. Additionally, the damage caused by oxidative stress was also healed, and critical pathways that result in cognitive impairment were changed by synergetic action, supporting the hypothesis that brain ageing and neurodegeneration are slowed down. All these findings demonstrate the ability of probiotics to affect cognitive processes and their ability to sustain the mechanisms underlying cognitive function by acting on intestinal function. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights on the Health Benefits of Vitamins, Minerals and Probiotics)
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Review

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13 pages, 1306 KiB  
Review
The Role of Vitamin C and Vitamin D in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Periodontitis—Narrative Review
by Łukasz Ustianowski, Klaudia Ustianowska, Klaudia Gurazda, Marcin Rusiński, Piotr Ostrowski and Andrzej Pawlik
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(7), 6774; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076774 - 5 Apr 2023
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 8455
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common disorder affecting the bone and soft tissues of the periodontal complex. When untreated, it may lead to severe mobility or even loss of teeth. The pathogenesis of periodontitis is complex, with crucial factors being chronic inflammation in gingival and [...] Read more.
Periodontitis is a common disorder affecting the bone and soft tissues of the periodontal complex. When untreated, it may lead to severe mobility or even loss of teeth. The pathogenesis of periodontitis is complex, with crucial factors being chronic inflammation in gingival and periodontal tissues and oral microbiome alterations. However, recent studies highlight the alleged role of vitamins, such as vitamin C (VitC) and vitamin D (VitD), in the development of the disease. VitC regulates numerous biochemical reactions, but foremost, it is involved in synthesizing collagen. It was reported that VitC deficiency could lead to damage to the periodontal ligaments. VitC supplementation improves postoperative outcomes in patients with periodontitis. VitD is a steroid derivative that can be produced in the skin under ultraviolet radiation and later transformed into an active form in other tissues, such as the kidneys. VitD was established to decrease the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in gingiva and regulate the proper mineral density of teeth. Moreover, the supplementation of VitD was associated with better results in the nonsurgical treatment of periodontitis. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge on the role of vitamins C and D in the pathogenesis and treatment of periodontitis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights on the Health Benefits of Vitamins, Minerals and Probiotics)
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