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Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Health and Disease

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2025 | Viewed by 1634

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Farmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
Interests: antioxidants; oxidative stress-related diseases; electronic cigarette toxicity; co-carcinogenesis pathways; DNA repair and mutagenesis; drug metabolism

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Guest Editor
Department of Farmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
Interests: oxidative stress status; inflammation; oxidative and post-oxidative markers; antioxidant employment; prevention of chronic diseases; in vitro and in vivo toxicity; biomarkers of exposure; electronic cigarette toxicity

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oxidative stress and systemic inflammation are connected processes that can influence and amplify each other. Oxidative stress can activate immune cells to release pro-inflammatory molecules and to generate reactive oxygen species, as part of their defense mechanisms. In turn, pro-inflammatory cytokines can trigger the generation of more radicals, creating a vicious cycle that sustains chronic inflammation and leads to tissue damage in various organs.

This Special Issue aims to highlight the current understanding of the bidirectional relationship between inflammation and oxidative stress and their role in the development and progression of various diseases and conditions such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, neurodegenerative and reproductive system disorders, diabetes and obesity, and cancer. Moreover, studies on how lifestyle factors (environmental exposures, antioxidant adjuvant treatments, diet, etc.) can contribute to the reduction or increase in the risk of these chronic conditions are welcome.

This Special Issue will accept original articles and reviews dealing with the molecular aspects of oxidative stress and systemic inflammation.

Dr. Fabio Vivarelli
Dr. Donatella Canistro
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • oxidative stress
  • inflammation
  • chronic diseases
  • risk factors
  • prevention

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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14 pages, 1666 KiB  
Article
Correlations between Gut Microbiota and Hematological, Inflammatory, Biochemical and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Treatment-Naïve Psoriasis Patients
by Elena Codruța Cozma, Ionela Avram, Vlad Mihai Voiculescu, Mara Mădălina Mihai and Amelia Maria Găman
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(12), 6649; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126649 - 17 Jun 2024
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Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory dermatosis with a complex pathogenesis, significantly impacting the quality of life of patients. The role of oxidative stress and gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of this disease is increasingly studied, appearing to underlie the comorbidities associated with this condition. [...] Read more.
Psoriasis is an inflammatory dermatosis with a complex pathogenesis, significantly impacting the quality of life of patients. The role of oxidative stress and gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of this disease is increasingly studied, appearing to underlie the comorbidities associated with this condition. We present the first prospective observational study conducted in Romania evaluating the interrelationship between gut microbiota and hematological, inflammatory, biochemical, and oxidative stress parameters in treatment-naïve psoriasis patients. Significant differences were observed in terms of microbiota composition, with lower levels of Firmicutes and Enterobacteriaceae in the psoriasis group compared to the control group. Moreover, a negative correlation was found between the serum triglyceride levels in patients with psoriasis and the Enterobacteriaceae family (p = 0.018, r = −0.722), and a positive correlation was found between the serum glucose levels and the Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio (p = 0.03, r = 0.682). Regarding the oxidant–antioxidant status, a significant correlation was found between the FORT level and Lactobacillus (p = 0.034, r = 0.669). Lastly, the Firmicutes level negatively correlated with the DLQI level, independent of the clinical severity of the disease (p = 0.02, r = −0.685). In conclusion, even though the number of included patients is small, these results may serve as a starting point for future research into the involvement of the microbiota–inflammation–oxidative stress axis in psoriasis development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Health and Disease)
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15 pages, 964 KiB  
Systematic Review
Purslane Ameliorates Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
by Zikho Nkhumeleni, Wendy N. Phoswa and Kabelo Mokgalaboni
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(22), 12276; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252212276 - 15 Nov 2024
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterised by insulin resistance and leads to hyperglycaemia. Its prevalence and associated complications continue to rise exponentially, despite the existence of pharmaceutical drugs, and this has prompted research into exploring safer herbal remedies. Portulaca oleracea (purslane) has been [...] Read more.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterised by insulin resistance and leads to hyperglycaemia. Its prevalence and associated complications continue to rise exponentially, despite the existence of pharmaceutical drugs, and this has prompted research into exploring safer herbal remedies. Portulaca oleracea (purslane) has been investigated in animal and clinical trials to explore its effects on diabetes, yielding conflicting results. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of purslane on inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus. We conducted a comprehensive literature search on Scopus PubMed, and through a manual bibliographical search to find relevant studies from inception to 13 September 2024. The search terms included purslane, portulaca oleracea, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Of the 38 retrieved studies, 12 were considered relevant and underwent critical review. Evidence from rodent studies showed decreased inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa-beta (NF-κβ), and C-reactive (CRP), while interleukin-10 (IL-10) was increased after intervention with purslane. The markers of oxidative stress such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels increased, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased. Notably, the evidence from clinical trials showed a significant reduction in NF-κβ and CRP after purslane treatment; however, no effect was observed on MDA and TAC. The evidence gathered in this study suggests that purslane exerts anti-inflammatory properties by downregulating NF-κβ, thus suppressing the production of associated pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, purslane may be used as an antioxidant and inflammatory agent for diabetes. However, further clinical evidence with a broader population is required to validate the therapeutic properties of purslane in diabetes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Health and Disease)
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