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Cytokines: From Cancer to Autoimmunity: 2nd Edition

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 January 2025 | Viewed by 4585

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Interests: genetic variants associated with the immune-mediated disease; regulation of gene expression; immune regulation and cytokines within the context of cancer and autoimmune disorders
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cytokines are essential signaling molecules involved in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Cytokines influence the survival, proliferation, differentiation, and functional activity of the immune system, as well as of a variety of cells in other organs. Accordingly, cytokine deregulation is involved in the pathogenesis of a wide range of immune-mediated diseases, from cancer to autoimmune conditions. Moreover, we must deepen our understanding of discrete molecular mechanisms controlled by the cytokine network to develop new cytokine-targeting therapies for immune-mediated diseases.

This Special Issue is the continuation of our previous Special Issue "Cytokines: from Cancer to Autoimmunity”, which aims to provide a platform for the latest research clarifying the molecular mechanisms of cytokine disbalances in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Original articles and reviews on molecular and cell biology, genetics and epigenetics, biochemistry, immunology, signal transduction and related fields focusing on the regulation of cytokine production and cytokine-mediated biological events are welcome.

Dr. Lyuba Dineva Miteva
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • cytokines
  • cancer
  • autoimmunity
  • inflammation
  • gene expression regulation

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 27181 KiB  
Article
Interferon-γ as a Potential Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 ORF6 Accessory Protein
by Elena Krachmarova, Peicho Petkov, Elena Lilkova, Dayana Stoynova, Kristina Malinova, Rossitsa Hristova, Anastas Gospodinov, Nevena Ilieva, Genoveva Nacheva and Leandar Litov
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(4), 2155; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25042155 - 10 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1693
Abstract
The ORF6 protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus plays a crucial role in blocking the innate immune response of the infected cells by inhibiting interferon pathways. Additionally, it binds to and immobilises the RAE1 protein on the cytoplasmic membranes, thereby blocking mRNA transport from [...] Read more.
The ORF6 protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus plays a crucial role in blocking the innate immune response of the infected cells by inhibiting interferon pathways. Additionally, it binds to and immobilises the RAE1 protein on the cytoplasmic membranes, thereby blocking mRNA transport from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. In all these cases, the host cell proteins are tethered by the flexible C-terminus of ORF6. A possible strategy to inhibit the biological activity of ORF6 is to bind its C-terminus with suitable ligands. Our in silico experiments suggest that hIFNγ binds the ORF6 protein with high affinity, thus impairing its interactions with RAE1 and, consequently, its activity in viral invasion. The in vitro studies reported here reveal a shift of the localisation of RAE1 in ORF6 overexpressing cells upon treatment with hIFNγ from predominantly cytoplasmic to mainly nuclear, resulting in the restoration of the export of mRNA from the nucleus. We also explored the expression of GFP in transfected-with-ORF6 cells by means of fluorescence microscopy and qRT-PCR, finding that treatment with hIFNγ unblocks the mRNA trafficking and reinstates the GFP expression level. The ability of the cytokine to block ORF6 is also reflected in minimising its negative effects on DNA replication by reducing accumulated RNA-DNA hybrids. Our results, therefore, suggest hIFNγ as a promising inhibitor of the most toxic SARS-CoV-2 protein. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cytokines: From Cancer to Autoimmunity: 2nd Edition)
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Review

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17 pages, 810 KiB  
Review
Anticytokine Autoantibodies in Infectious Diseases: A Practical Overview
by Rob J. W. Arts, Nico A. F. Janssen and Frank L. van de Veerdonk
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(1), 515; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25010515 - 30 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2116
Abstract
Anticytokine autoantibodies (ACAAs) are a fascinating group of antibodies that have gained more and more attention in the field of autoimmunity and secondary immunodeficiencies over the years. Some of these antibodies are characterized by their ability to target and neutralize specific cytokines. ACAAs [...] Read more.
Anticytokine autoantibodies (ACAAs) are a fascinating group of antibodies that have gained more and more attention in the field of autoimmunity and secondary immunodeficiencies over the years. Some of these antibodies are characterized by their ability to target and neutralize specific cytokines. ACAAs can play a role in the susceptibility to several infectious diseases, and their infectious manifestations depending on which specific immunological pathway is affected. In this review, we will give an outline per infection in which ACAAs might play a role and whether additional immunomodulatory treatment next to antimicrobial treatment can be considered. Finally, we describe the areas for future research on ACAAs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cytokines: From Cancer to Autoimmunity: 2nd Edition)
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