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Physical Chemistry beneath Pesticides Behavior in Soil
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Physical Chemistry beneath Pesticides Behavior in Soil

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 26 February 2025 | Viewed by 5437

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Dalibor Broznić

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
Interests: pesticides; pesticide-soil interactions; sorption/desorption mechanisms; transport properties; leaching

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A minuscule amount of an applied pesticide is consumed by the target organism. The rest either remains in the soil for a given amount of time, extending to years, or is transported through the soil matrix to other parts of the ecosystem. Interactions between pesticide molecules and soil constituents determine how and where the pesticide will be sorbed/desorbed, its leaching potential, transport kinetics, degradation properties, or how severely soil health will be affected. As soil represents an overtly complex and dynamic matrix, the fundamental physical chemistry behind those processes is seldom considered in-depth when presenting experimental findings.

Therefore, supervised by Prof. Broznić and assisted by our Topical Advisory Panel Member Prof. Petković Didović from University of Rijeka, this Special Issue aims to gather studies that can help elucidate the fundamental physicochemical processes underlying pesticide behaviour in the soil and the interactions between pesticide molecules and various soil constituents. Original research articles alongside reviews on these and related topics are welcome in this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Dalibor Broznić
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • pesticides
  • soil
  • pesticide–soil interactions
  • sorption mechanism
  • sorption/desorption
  • adsorption
  • transport properties
  • kinetics
  • leaching
  • intraparticle diffusion

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 1758 KiB  
Article
Pyrolysis Temperature vs. Application Rate of Biochar Amendments: Impacts on Soil Microbiota and Metribuzin Degradation
by Kamila Cabral Mielke, Maura Gabriela da Silva Brochado, Ana Flávia Souza Laube, Tiago Guimarães, Bruna Aparecida de Paula Medeiros and Kassio Ferreira Mendes
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(13), 11154; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241311154 - 6 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1364
Abstract
Biochar-amended soils influence the degradation of herbicides depending on the pyrolysis temperature, application rate, and feedstock used. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of sugarcane straw biochar (BC) produced at different pyrolysis temperatures (350 °C, 550 °C, and 750 [...] Read more.
Biochar-amended soils influence the degradation of herbicides depending on the pyrolysis temperature, application rate, and feedstock used. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of sugarcane straw biochar (BC) produced at different pyrolysis temperatures (350 °C, 550 °C, and 750 °C) and application rates in soil (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 5, and 10% w/w) on metribuzin degradation and soil microbiota. Detection analysis of metribuzin in the soil to find time for 50% and 90% metribuzin degradation (DT50 and DT90) was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Soil microbiota was analyzed by respiration rate (C-CO2), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and metabolic quotient (qCO2). BC350 °C-amended soil at 10% increased the DT50 of metribuzin from 7.35 days to 17.32 days compared to the unamended soil. Lower application rates (0.1% to 1.5%) of BC550 °C and BC750 °C decreased the DT50 of metribuzin to ~4.05 and ~5.41 days, respectively. BC350 °C-amended soil at high application rates (5% and 10%) provided high C-CO2, low MBC fixation, and high qCO2. The addition of low application rates (0.1% to 1.5%) of sugarcane straw biochar produced at high temperatures (BC550 °C and BC750 °C) resulted in increased metribuzin degradation and may influence the residual effect of the herbicide and weed control efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Chemistry beneath Pesticides Behavior in Soil)
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26 pages, 2600 KiB  
Article
Degradation of a New Herbicide Florpyrauxifen-Benzyl in Water: Kinetics, Various Influencing Factors and Its Reaction Mechanisms
by Rendan Zhou, Zemin Dong, Long Wang, Wenwen Zhou, Weina Zhao, Tianqi Wu, Hailong Chang, Wei Lin and Baotong Li
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(13), 10521; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310521 - 23 Jun 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1662
Abstract
Florpyrauxifen-benzyl is a novel herbicide used to control weeds in paddy fields. To clarify and evaluate its hydrolytic behavior and safety in water environments, its hydrolytic characteristics were investigated under varying temperatures, pH values, initial mass concentrations and water types, as well as [...] Read more.
Florpyrauxifen-benzyl is a novel herbicide used to control weeds in paddy fields. To clarify and evaluate its hydrolytic behavior and safety in water environments, its hydrolytic characteristics were investigated under varying temperatures, pH values, initial mass concentrations and water types, as well as the effects of 40 environmental factors such as microplastics (MPs) and disposable face masks (DFMs). Meanwhile, hydrolytic products were identified by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, and its hydrolytic pathways were proposed. The effects of MPs and DFMs on hydrolytic products and pathways were also investigated. The results showed that hydrolysis of florpyrauxifen-benzyl was a spontaneous process driven by endothermic, base catalysis and activation entropy increase and conformed to the first-order kinetics. The temperature had an obvious effect on hydrolysis rate under alkaline condition, the hydrolysis reaction conformed to Arrhenius formula, and activation enthalpy, activation entropy, and Gibbs free energy were negatively correlated with temperature. Most of environmental factors promoted hydrolysis of florpyrauxifen-benzyl, especially the cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). The hydrolysis mechanism was ester hydrolysis reaction with a main product of florpyrauxifen. The MPs and DFMs did not affect the hydrolytic mechanisms but the hydrolysis rate. The results are crucial for illustrating and assessing the environmental fate and risks of florpyrauxifen-benzyl. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Chemistry beneath Pesticides Behavior in Soil)
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26 pages, 4196 KiB  
Article
Those That Remain: Sorption/Desorption Behaviour and Kinetics of the Neonicotinoids Still in Use
by Gordana Sinčić Modrić, Mirna Petković Didović, Igor Dubrović, Paula Žurga and Dalibor Broznić
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(7), 6548; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076548 - 31 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1970
Abstract
In January 2023, the derogation loophole was closed on “emergency authorisations” for the use of three out of five neonicotinoids in all EU states. In this study, we analysed the sorption/desorption behaviour and kinetic parameters of acetamiprid and thiacloprid, the two neonicotinoids that [...] Read more.
In January 2023, the derogation loophole was closed on “emergency authorisations” for the use of three out of five neonicotinoids in all EU states. In this study, we analysed the sorption/desorption behaviour and kinetic parameters of acetamiprid and thiacloprid, the two neonicotinoids that are still approved for use, either regularly or under emergency authorisations in the EU, and widely used worldwide. Sorption and desorption curves in four soils with different organic matter content were analysed using four kinetic models, namely, Lagergren’s pseudo first-order model, two-site model (TSM), Weber–Morris intraparticle diffusion model and Elovich’s model. Kinetic parameters were correlated to soil physico-chemical characteristics. To determine the mutual influence of soil characteristics and sorption/desorption parameters in the analysed soils, a factor analysis based on principal component analysis (PCA) was performed. Even though the two insecticides are very similar in size and chemical structure, the results showed different sorption/desorption kinetics. The model that best fits the experimental data was TSM. Thiacloprid showed a more rapid sorption compared to acetamiprid, and, in all soils, a higher proportion sorbed at equilibrium. Intra-particle diffusion seemed to be a relevant process in acetamiprid sorption, but not for thiacloprid. Desorption results showed that acetamiprid is more easily and more thoroughly desorbed than thiacloprid, in all soils. The kinetic behaviour differences stem from variations in molecular structure, causing disparate water solubility, lipophilicity, and acid–base properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Chemistry beneath Pesticides Behavior in Soil)
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