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New Perspectives on Biology in Forensic Diagnostics

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 February 2025 | Viewed by 883

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Forensic science has undergone remarkable development in recent years thanks to the advancement of numerous new diagnostic technologies for cadavers. Today, the study of a forensic case begins with an autopsy as a gold-standard investigation but also includes other tests, including forensic histopathology, immunohistochemistry, forensic radiology, and forensic toxicology. Although in a living patient, diagnostics include standard operating protocols with well-defined laboratory investigations (as in the case of cardiac triage), similar laboratory protocols have not yet been defined in forensic pathology. In recent years, strong interest has been shown in scientific research into applications of biology and biochemistry technologies using biological samples taken from cadavers. These investigations have seen the advancement of new fields, such as forensic proteomics, forensic genomics, and forensic epigenetics, opening up new fascinating scenarios in post-mortem diagnostics. In this direction, various studies have, for example, advanced the search for new post-mortem biomarkers. Thus, the potential contribution that post-mortem biology could make through the "forensic laboratory" is evident. The purpose of this Special Issue is to demonstrate the impacts of biology, forensic biochemistry, and laboratory investigations in general in post-mortem diagnostics and forensic sciences. Contributions on the following topics are welcome:

  • Post-mortem biology;
  • Post-mortem biochemistry;
  • Forensic laboratory work;
  • Post-mortem interval;
  • Time of death;
  • Cause of death;
  • Forensic toxicology;
  • Analysis of injuries on cadavers;
  • Pathophysiology of death;
  • Forensic proteomics;
  • Forensic genetics;
  • Forensic genomics;
  • Study of DNA on cadavers;
  • Forensic epigenetics.

Dr. Isabella Aquila
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • forensic laboratory
  • post mortem interval
  • post-mortem biomarkers
  • forensic toxicology
  • forensic biology
  • forensic genetics

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

11 pages, 246 KiB  
Review
Post Mortem Molecular Biomarkers of Asphyxia: A Literature Review
by Matteo Antonio Sacco and Isabella Aquila
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(21), 11607; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252111607 - 29 Oct 2024
Viewed by 670
Abstract
Asphyxia is a critical condition characterized by inadequate oxygen supply to the body. Post mortem diagnostics of asphyxia present significant challenges in forensic pathology, particularly when there are equivocal signs during autopsy or uncertain circumstantial data. The identification of biochemical biomarkers that indicate [...] Read more.
Asphyxia is a critical condition characterized by inadequate oxygen supply to the body. Post mortem diagnostics of asphyxia present significant challenges in forensic pathology, particularly when there are equivocal signs during autopsy or uncertain circumstantial data. The identification of biochemical biomarkers that indicate asphyxia has emerged as a promising area of research, as these markers can provide vital insights into the physiological changes occurring at the cellular level during asphyxiation. We performed a review of the scientific literature on the search engines Pubmed and Scopus in order to assess the state of the art on this topic. The aim of this study is to analyze which are the most promising markers and methods in the post mortem diagnosis of asphyxia. The literature review highlighted the great potential that molecular investigations can have in the analysis of this type of death, especially considering that hypoxia determines strong biochemical alterations in response to cellular stress. These changes are marked by specific biochemical alterations, which can be detected through various advanced technologies and methodologies, including mass spectrometry, immunohistochemistry, and metabolomic profiling. The review evidenced a combination of markers that can be used for diagnostic purposes in various cases, including mechanical asphyxia, carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, perinatal asphyxia, and drowning analysis. However, we highlight that, to date, there are still no standard protocols for forensic biochemistry in asphyxia. By scrutinizing the reliability of identified biomarkers and their potential to reshape forensic investigative practices, this research aims to elucidate the critical role that post mortem biochemical analysis can play in diagnosing asphyxia, ultimately contributing to a more nuanced understanding of death-related scenarios and the development of standardized protocols in forensic examinations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Perspectives on Biology in Forensic Diagnostics)
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