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Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Genetic Diversity in Plants, 2nd Edition
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Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Genetic Diversity in Plants, 2nd Edition

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2025 | Viewed by 2789

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Andrés J. Cortés

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria AGROSAVIA, C.I. La Selva, Km 7 Vía Rionegro—Las Palmas, Rionegro 054048, Colombia
2. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia—Sede Medellín, Medellín 050034, Colombia
Interests: plant genetics; crop breeding; hybridization; poliploidy; fruit trees
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is a continuation of our previous Special Issue “Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Genetic Diversity in Plants”.

Plant breeding, plant conservation and plant restoration efforts urgently demand the development of novel adaptive sources in order to cope with increasing abiotic pressures. However, standing genetic diversity for tolerance to abiotic stress is often lacking from traditional gene pools. Therefore, cryptic pockets of genetic and ecological diversity may provide hidden adaptations, genotypes and alleles to cope with abiotic pressures. Meanwhile, modern methodological achievements in genomics, molecular biology, bioinformatics, biotechnology and geographical modeling are offering new perspectives on the genomic bases and ecological drivers of abiotic stress tolerance. These achievements may lead to new interdisciplinary areas where plant breeding, restoration ecology and conservation genetics could converge. Therefore, this Special Issue, entitled “Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Genetic Diversity in Plants, 2nd Edition”, aims to compile innovative research on the exploration, leveraging and utilization of plant genetic diversity to improve abiotic stress tolerance traits using a diverse array of techniques and perspectives. Ultimately, we envision an interplay among genetic, molecular, ecological and modeling disciplines to cope with abiotic stresses such as, but not limited to, drought, heat, flooding, salinity, frost and soil toxicity.

Dr. Andrés J. Cortés
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • biodiversity
  • molecular breeding
  • comparative genomics
  • abiotic stress adaptation
  • genetic mapping
  • predictive breeding
  • genomic prediction
  • assisted gene flow
  • plant breeding
  • restoration ecology
  • conservation genetics

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 615 KiB  
Article
Investigating the Role of Known Arabidopsis Iron Genes in a Stress Resilient Soybean Line
by Jamie A. O’Rourke and Michelle A. Graham
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(21), 11480; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252111480 - 25 Oct 2024
Viewed by 425
Abstract
Genes involved in iron deficiency responses have been well characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana, but their roles in crop species have not been well explored. Reliance on model species may fail to identify novel iron stress mechanisms present within crop species, likely selected [...] Read more.
Genes involved in iron deficiency responses have been well characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana, but their roles in crop species have not been well explored. Reliance on model species may fail to identify novel iron stress mechanisms present within crop species, likely selected by hundreds of years of selection. Fiskeby III (PI 438471) is a soybean line from Sweden that demonstrates high levels of resilience to numerous stresses. Earlier Fiskeby III studies have identified a suite of genes responding to iron deficiency stress in Fiskeby III that are also associated with Arabidopsis iron deficiency responses. We were interested in determining how canonical iron genes function in Fiskeby III under normal and iron stress conditions. To investigate this, we used virus-induced gene silencing to knock down gene expression of three iron deficiency response genes (FER-like iron deficiency induced transcription factor (FIT), elongated hypocotyl 5 (HY5) and popeye (PYE)) in Fiskeby III. Analyses of RNAseq data generated from silenced plants in iron-sufficient and -deficient conditions found silencing FIT and HY5 altered general stress responses but did not impact iron deficiency tolerance, confirming Fiskeby III utilizes novel mechanisms to tolerate iron deficiency stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Genetic Diversity in Plants, 2nd Edition)
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22 pages, 14941 KiB  
Article
Profiling of Key Hub Genes Using a Two-State Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network of ‘Jao Khao’ Rice under Soil Salinity Stress Based on Time-Series Transcriptome Data
by Prasit Khunsanit, Kitiporn Plaimas, Supachitra Chadchawan and Teerapong Buaboocha
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(20), 11086; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252011086 - 16 Oct 2024
Viewed by 671
Abstract
RNA-sequencing enables the comprehensive detection of gene expression levels at specific time points and facilitates the identification of stress-related genes through co-expression network analysis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and identifying key genes associated with salt tolerance is crucial for developing rice varieties that [...] Read more.
RNA-sequencing enables the comprehensive detection of gene expression levels at specific time points and facilitates the identification of stress-related genes through co-expression network analysis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and identifying key genes associated with salt tolerance is crucial for developing rice varieties that can thrive in saline environments, particularly in regions affected by soil salinization. In this study, we conducted an RNA-sequencing-based time-course transcriptome analysis of ‘Jao Khao’, a salt-tolerant Thai rice variety, grown under normal or saline (160 mM NaCl) soil conditions. Leaf samples were collected at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. In total, 36 RNA libraries were sequenced. ‘Jao Khao’ was found to be highly salt-tolerant, as indicated by the non-significant differences in relative water content, cell membrane stability, leaf greenness, and chlorophyll fluorescence over a 9-day period under saline conditions. Plant growth was slightly retarded during days 3–6 but recovered by day 9. Based on time-series transcriptome data, we conducted differential gene expression and weighted gene co-expression network analyses. Through centrality change from normal to salinity network, 111 key hub genes were identified among 1,950 highly variable genes. Enriched genes were involved in ATP-driven transport, light reactions and response to light, ATP synthesis and carbon fixation, disease resistance and proteinase inhibitor activity. These genes were upregulated early during salt stress and RT-qPCR showed that ‘Jao Khao’ exhibited an early upregulation trend of two important genes in energy metabolism: RuBisCo (LOC_Os10g21268) and ATP synthase (LOC_Os10g21264). Our findings highlight the importance of managing energy requirements in the initial phase of the plant salt-stress response. Therefore, manipulation of the energy metabolism should be the focus in plant resistance breeding and the genes identified in this work can serve as potentially effective candidates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Genetic Diversity in Plants, 2nd Edition)
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25 pages, 16716 KiB  
Article
Marker-Assisted Selection of Jacalin-Related Lectin Genes OsJRL45 and OsJRL40 Derived from Sea Rice 86 Enhances Salt Tolerance in Rice
by Xiaolin Yin, Qinmei Gao, Feng Wang, Weihao Liu, Yiting Luo, Shuixiu Zhong, Jiahui Feng, Rui Bai, Liangbi Chen, Xiaojun Dai and Manzhong Liang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(20), 10912; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252010912 - 10 Oct 2024
Viewed by 749
Abstract
Soil salinization limits rice growth and is an important restriction on grain yield. Jacalin-related lectins are involved in multiple stress responses, but their role in salt stress responses and use as molecular markers for salt tolerance remain poorly understood. Salt stress treatments and [...] Read more.
Soil salinization limits rice growth and is an important restriction on grain yield. Jacalin-related lectins are involved in multiple stress responses, but their role in salt stress responses and use as molecular markers for salt tolerance remain poorly understood. Salt stress treatments and RT-qPCR analyses of Sea Rice 86 (SR86), 9311, and Nipponbare (Nip) showed that OsJRL45 and OsJRL40 enhanced tolerance of salt stress in SR86. Molecular markers based on sequence differences in SR86 and the salt-sensitive variety, 9311, in the intergenic region between OsJRL45 and OsJRL40 were validated in recombinant inbred lines derived from SR86 and 9311, hybrid populations, and common rice varieties. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation demonstrated that OsJRL45 and OsJRL40 interacted. Co-transformation of Nip with OsJRL45 and OsJRL40 derived from SR86 had no effect on the mature phenotype in T2 plants; however, salt stress at the three-leaf stage led to significant increases in CAT, POD, SOD, and Pro contents, but reduced MDA content in transgenic plants. Transcriptomic analysis identified 834 differentially expressed genes in transgenic plants under salt stress. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that metabolic pathways related to antioxidant responses and osmotic balance were crucial for salt-stress tolerance. Thus, molecular markers based on nucleotide differences in OsJRL45 and OsJRL40 provide a novel method for identifying salt-tolerant rice varieties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Genetic Diversity in Plants, 2nd Edition)
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21 pages, 3898 KiB  
Article
Identification of Cold Tolerance Transcriptional Regulatory Genes in Seedlings of Medicago sativa L. and Medicago falcata L.
by Qi Wang, Jianzhong Wu, Guili Di, Qian Zhao, Chao Gao, Dongmei Zhang, Jianli Wang, Zhongbao Shen and Weibo Han
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(19), 10345; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910345 - 26 Sep 2024
Viewed by 676
Abstract
Alfalfa species Medicago sativa L. (MS) and Medicago falcata L. (MF), globally prominent perennial leguminous forages, hold substantial economic value. However, our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms governing their resistance to cold stress remains limited. To address this knowledge gap, we scrutinized and [...] Read more.
Alfalfa species Medicago sativa L. (MS) and Medicago falcata L. (MF), globally prominent perennial leguminous forages, hold substantial economic value. However, our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms governing their resistance to cold stress remains limited. To address this knowledge gap, we scrutinized and compared MS and MF cold-stress responses at the molecular level following 24 h and 120 h low-temperature exposure (4 °C). Our study revealed that MF had superior physiological resilience to cold stress compared with MS, and its morphology was healthier under cold stress, and its malondialdehyde content and superoxide dismutase activity increased, first, and then decreased, while the soluble sugar content continued to accumulate. Transcriptome analysis showed that after 120 h of exposure, there were different gene-expression patterns between MS and MF, including 1274 and 2983 genes that were continuously up-regulated, respectively, and a total of 923 genes were included, including star cold-resistant genes such as ICE1 and SIP1. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed numerous inter-species differences in sustained cold-stress responses. Notably, MS-exclusive genes included a single transcription factor (TF) gene and several genes associated with a single DNA repair-related pathway, whereas MF-exclusive genes comprised nine TF genes and genes associated with 14 pathways. Both species exhibited high-level expression of genes encoding TFs belonging to AP2-EREBP, ARR-B, and bHLH TF families, indicating their potential roles in sustaining cold resistance in alfalfa-related species. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms governing cold-stress responses in MS and MF, which could inform breeding programs aimed at enhancing cold-stress resistance in alfalfa cultivars. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Genetic Diversity in Plants, 2nd Edition)
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