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Epilepsy and Metabolism

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2022) | Viewed by 10104

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Interests: voltage and ligand gated ion channel structure and function; channelopathies; signaling transduction; G-protein coupled receptors structure and function; epilepsy and metabolism; variants and pathogenic mutations
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Epilepsy and metabolic disorders can be considered one of the most extensive topics, where the minimum details of the pathophysiology of the disease and the molecular mechanisms that can explain its origin have yet to be discovered. It is interesting to note that although they may seem like two totally different themes, they have in common the biology that originates them. So far, more than thousands of variants have been described; monogenic mutations and de novo mutations can cause moderate to severe epileptic and eating disorders, obesity, and cachexia, in which G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, ion channels, accessory proteins, and downstream signaling appear to be involved in inhibiting/exciting key circuits that maintain homeostasis of neuronal excitability. Moreover, recent studies on the transcriptomic of specific neuronal groups in less studied physiological states, such as the pathways that regulate energy homeostasis, have revealed the appearance of less conventional modulators that govern neuronal tonic inhibition, and this could be part of the regulation of inhibitory/excitatory balance signaling in metabolic circuits. These facts paint the complex picture of the physiology of ion channels, GPCRs, and accessory proteins in the brain involved in such disorders.

The scope of the Special Issue involves bringing together original research and review articles on GPCRs, ion channels, accessory proteins, and downstream signaling in networks causing epileptic and metabolic disorders, and thus summarizing and expand our knowledge of signaling processes and networks and highlighting new advances and methodologies that will ultimately advance our understanding of the current state of cell signaling processes in which epilepsy and metabolism are involved.

Dr. Ciria C. Hernandez
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • inhibitory/excitatory balance
  • epilepsy
  • energy balance
  • drug discovery
  • GPCR
  • ion channels
  • obesity
  • cachexia
  • eating disorders

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2732 KiB  
Article
Levetiracetam Suppresses the Infiltration of Neutrophils and Monocytes and Downregulates Many Inflammatory Cytokines during Epileptogenesis in Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus Mice
by Taira Matsuo, Rie Komori, Minami Nakatani, Shiori Ochi, Aya Yokota-Nakatsuma, Junichi Matsumoto, Fuyuko Takata, Shinya Dohgu, Yasuhiro Ishihara and Kouichi Itoh
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(14), 7671; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147671 - 12 Jul 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2246
Abstract
Acute brain inflammation after status epilepticus (SE) is involved in blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and brain edema, which cause the development of post-SE symptomatic epilepsy. Using pilocarpine-induced SE mice, we previously reported that treatment with levetiracetam (LEV) after SE suppresses increased expression levels [...] Read more.
Acute brain inflammation after status epilepticus (SE) is involved in blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and brain edema, which cause the development of post-SE symptomatic epilepsy. Using pilocarpine-induced SE mice, we previously reported that treatment with levetiracetam (LEV) after SE suppresses increased expression levels of proinflammatory mediators during epileptogenesis and prevents the development of spontaneous recurrent seizures. However, it remains unclear how LEV suppresses neuroinflammation after SE. In this study, we demonstrated that LEV suppressed the infiltration of CD11b+CD45high cells into the brain after SE. CD11b+CD45high cells appeared in the hippocampus between 1 and 4 days after SE and contained Ly6G+Ly6C+ and Ly6GLy6C+ cells. Ly6G+Ly6C+ cells expressed higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNFα suggesting that these cells were inflammatory neutrophils. Depletion of peripheral Ly6G+Ly6C+ cells prior to SE by anti-Ly6G antibody (NIMP-R14) treatment completely suppressed the infiltration of Ly6G+Ly6C+ cells into the brain. Proteome analysis revealed the downregulation of a variety of inflammatory cytokines, which exhibited increased expression in the post-SE hippocampus. These results suggest that Ly6G+Ly6C+ neutrophils are involved in the induction of acute brain inflammation after SE. The proteome expression profile of the hippocampus treated with LEV after SE was similar to that after NIMP-R14 treatment. Therefore, LEV may prevent acute brain inflammation after SE by suppressing inflammatory neutrophil infiltration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epilepsy and Metabolism)
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17 pages, 2787 KiB  
Article
Regulation of Inflammation-Related Genes through Fosl1 Suppression in a Levetiracetam-Treated Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus Mouse Model
by Rie Komori, Taira Matsuo, Aya Yokota-Nakatsuma, Ritsuka Hashimoto, Shizuka Kubo, Chihiro Kozawa, Tomomi Kono, Yasuhiro Ishihara and Kouichi Itoh
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(14), 7608; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147608 - 9 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2049
Abstract
Levetiracetam (LEV) suppresses the upregulation of proinflammatory molecules that occurs during epileptogenesis after status epilepticus (SE). Based on previous studies, LEV likely helps prevent the onset of epilepsy after insults to the brain, unlike other conventional anti-epileptic drugs. Recently, we discovered that the [...] Read more.
Levetiracetam (LEV) suppresses the upregulation of proinflammatory molecules that occurs during epileptogenesis after status epilepticus (SE). Based on previous studies, LEV likely helps prevent the onset of epilepsy after insults to the brain, unlike other conventional anti-epileptic drugs. Recently, we discovered that the increase in Fosl1 expression that occurs after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation is suppressed by LEV and that Fosl1 inhibition suppresses inflammation in BV-2 microglial cells. These data indicate that Fosl1 is an important target of LEV and a key factor in preventing epilepsy onset. In this study, we examined the effects of LEV on Fosl1 expression and neuroinflammation in vivo. During epileptogenesis, the post-SE upregulation of hippocampal levels of Fosl1 and many inflammatory factors were suppressed by LEV. Fosl1 expression showed a characteristic pattern different from that of the expression of Fos, an immediate-early gene belonging to the same Fos family. At 2 days after SE, Fosl1 was predominantly expressed in astrocytes but was rarely detected in microglia, whereas Fos expression was distributed in various brain cell types. The expression of A2 astrocyte markers was similar to that of Fosl1 and was significantly suppressed by LEV. These results suggest that LEV may regulate astrocyte reactivity through regulation of Fosl1. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epilepsy and Metabolism)
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Review

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19 pages, 3912 KiB  
Review
Orchestrated Action of AMPK Activation and Combined VEGF/PD-1 Blockade with Lipid Metabolic Tunning as Multi-Target Therapeutics against Ovarian Cancers
by Mingo M. H. Yung, Michelle K. Y. Siu, Hextan Y. S. Ngan, David W. Chan and Karen K. L. Chan
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(12), 6857; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126857 - 20 Jun 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 5321
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies worldwide, and chemoresistance is a critical obstacle in the clinical management of the disease. Recent studies have suggested that exploiting cancer cell metabolism by applying AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-activating agents and distinctive adjuvant [...] Read more.
Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies worldwide, and chemoresistance is a critical obstacle in the clinical management of the disease. Recent studies have suggested that exploiting cancer cell metabolism by applying AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-activating agents and distinctive adjuvant targeted therapies can be a plausible alternative approach in cancer treatment. Therefore, the perspectives about the combination of AMPK activators together with VEGF/PD-1 blockade as a dual-targeted therapy against ovarian cancer were discussed herein. Additionally, ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic regulated cell death triggered by the availability of redox-active iron, have been proposed to be governed by multiple layers of metabolic signalings and can be synergized with immunotherapies. To this end, ferroptosis initiating therapies (FITs) and metabolic rewiring and immunotherapeutic approaches may have substantial clinical potential in combating ovarian cancer development and progression. It is hoped that the viewpoints deliberated in this review would accelerate the translation of remedial concepts into clinical trials and improve the effectiveness of ovarian cancer treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epilepsy and Metabolism)
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