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Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Gynecologic Malignancies, Benign Diseases, 2nd Edition

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 December 2024 | Viewed by 6883

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Women's health is a major topic of concern all over the world. During their lives, women may encounter the invasion of gynecologic malignancies, including ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, uterine corpus, and endometrial cancer, many of which may be unexpected and have huge consequences on patients and their families. Gynecologic malignancies per se and relevant complications significantly influence the life span and quality of affected women. Other benign gynecologic diseases, such as endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), can bring about negative effects in women's daily lives. Healthcare related to these conditions has been an important issue and remains to be explored. This Special Issue plans to provide an overview of the most recent advances in the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of gynecologic malignancies, benign diseases. It solicits any original contributions and reviews that explore the nature of gynecologic malignancies and benign diseases, associated therapies, and health impacts on women in different countries and communities. Studies discussing the health issues mentioned above are suitable for consideration in the Special Issue. Advances in or any cutting-edge research on affected women’s healthcare are especially welcomed to be published. The listed topics suggest just a few of the many possibilities. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, gynecologic malignancies, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, uterine cancer, chemotherapy, target therapy, tumor markers, benign gynecologic diseases, endometriosis, and polycystic ovary syndrome.

You may find related papers collected in the Special Issue below:
https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms/special_issues/Gynecologic_Malignancies

Dr. Kuo-Hu Chen
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • gynecologic malignancies
  • endometrial cancer
  • ovarian cancer
  • cervical cancer
  • uterine cancer
  • chemotherapy
  • target therapy
  • tumor marker
  • benign gynecologic diseases
  • endometriosis
  • polycystic ovary syndrome

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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17 pages, 2143 KiB  
Article
Preoperative Immune Cell Dysregulation Accompanies Ovarian Cancer Patients into the Postoperative Period
by Jonas Ulevicius, Aldona Jasukaitiene, Arenida Bartkeviciene, Zilvinas Dambrauskas, Antanas Gulbinas, Daiva Urboniene and Saulius Paskauskas
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(13), 7087; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137087 - 28 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1130
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) poses a significant global health challenge with high mortality rates, emphasizing the need for improved treatment strategies. The immune system’s role in OC progression and treatment response is increasingly recognized, particularly regarding peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and cytokine production. [...] Read more.
Ovarian cancer (OC) poses a significant global health challenge with high mortality rates, emphasizing the need for improved treatment strategies. The immune system’s role in OC progression and treatment response is increasingly recognized, particularly regarding peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and cytokine production. This study aimed to investigate PBMC subpopulations (T and B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, monocytes) and cytokine production, specifically interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-12 (IL-12), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), in monocytes of OC patients both preoperatively and during the early postoperative period. Thirteen OC patients and 23 controls were enrolled. Preoperatively, OC patients exhibited changes in PBMC subpopulations, including decreased cytotoxic T cells, increased M2 monocytes, and the disbalance of monocyte cytokine production. These alterations persisted after surgery with subtle additional changes observed in PBMC subpopulations and cytokine expression in monocytes. Considering the pivotal role of these altered cells and cytokines in OC progression, our findings suggest that OC patients experience an enhanced pro-tumorigenic environment, which persists into the early postoperative period. These findings highlight the impact of surgery on the complex interaction between the immune system and OC progression. Further investigation is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms during this early postoperative period, which may hold potential for interventions aimed at improving OC management. Full article
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24 pages, 1844 KiB  
Review
The Pathophysiological Mechanism and Clinical Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Molecular and Cellular Review of the Literature
by Kai-Jung Chang, Jie-Hong Chen and Kuo-Hu Chen
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(16), 9037; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25169037 - 20 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 5311
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent metabolic disorder among women of reproductive age, characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovaries. The pathogenesis of PCOS involves a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, including insulin resistance (IR) and resultant hyperinsulinemia. Insulin [...] Read more.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent metabolic disorder among women of reproductive age, characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovaries. The pathogenesis of PCOS involves a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, including insulin resistance (IR) and resultant hyperinsulinemia. Insulin receptors, primarily in skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue, activate downstream signaling pathways like PI3K-AKT and MAPK-ERK upon binding. These pathways regulate glucose uptake, storage, and lipid metabolism. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified several candidate genes related to steroidogenesis and insulin signaling. Environmental factors such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals and lifestyle choices also exacerbate PCOS traits. Other than lifestyle modification and surgical intervention, management strategies for PCOS can be achieved by using pharmacological treatments like antiandrogens, metformin, thiazolidinediones, aromatase inhibitor, and ovulation drugs to improve insulin sensitivity and ovulatory function, as well as combined oral contraceptives with or without cyproterone to resume menstrual regularity. Despite the complex pathophysiology and significant economic burden of PCOS, a comprehensive understanding of its molecular and cellular mechanisms is crucial for developing effective public health policies and treatment strategies. Nevertheless, many unknown aspects of PCOS, including detailed mechanisms of actions, along with the safety and effectiveness for the treatment, warrant further investigation. Full article
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