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Molecular Applications of Technologies and Techniques for the Extraction of Simple Molecules and Compounds

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 March 2025 | Viewed by 951

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Department of Chemical Sciences, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4004 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Interests: coordination compounds; transition metals; vanadium; spectrophotometry; ion-association; cloud point extraction; liquid-liquid extraction; green analytical chemistry
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Extraction technologies play a crucial role in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, cosmetics, environmental science, etc. These technologies are utilized to isolate specific molecules from complex mixtures for further analysis, purification or commercialization.

Sample preparation is a critical step in analytical chemistry, especially when dealing with trace analytes. Various extractive isolation techniques have gained popularity due to their ability to efficiently concentrate and purify target analytes. These techniques not only improve the sensitivity and selectivity of analytical methods, but also contribute to reducing solvent consumption, energy usage and waste generation, aligning with the principles of green analytical chemistry.

This Special Issue (SI) aims to highlight progress in the application of novel or modified classical approaches to the extraction of simple molecules and compounds. It is my pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript for this SI. Full papers, briefs and reviews are welcome. Original investigations as well as concise review manuscripts from experts in relevant research fields but without molecular investigations will not be considered.

Dr. Kiril Gavazov
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • sample preparation
  • natural product extraction
  • purification
  • pollutant extraction
  • nutraceutical extraction
  • extraction of environmental indicators
  • magnetic extraction
  • green analytical chemistry
  • liquid–liquid (micro)extraction
  • cloud point (micro)extraction
  • solid phase (micro)extraction
  • pressurized liquid extraction
  • ultrasound-assisted extraction
  • microwave-assisted extraction
  • deep eutectic solvents
  • supercritical fluid extraction
  • molecularly imprinted polymers
  • QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe)

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 1457 KiB  
Article
Signal Enhancement of Selected Norepinephrine Metabolites Extracted from Artificial Urine Samples by Capillary Electrophoretic Separation
by Piotr Kowalski, Natalia Hermann, Dagmara Kroll, Mariusz Belka, Tomasz Bączek and Ilona Olędzka
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(22), 12227; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252212227 - 14 Nov 2024
Viewed by 491
Abstract
The measurement of selected norepinephrine metabolites, such as 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylenglycol (MHPG), and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), in biological matrices—including urine—is of great clinical importance for the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases. This fact has forced researchers to evaluate new analytical methodologies for their [...] Read more.
The measurement of selected norepinephrine metabolites, such as 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylenglycol (MHPG), and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), in biological matrices—including urine—is of great clinical importance for the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases. This fact has forced researchers to evaluate new analytical methodologies for their isolation and preconcentration from biological samples. In this study, the three most popular extraction techniques—liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), and a new 3D-printed system for dispersive solid-phase extraction (3D-DSPE)—were investigated. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with a diode array detector (DAD) at 200 nm wavelength was applied to the separation of analytes, allowing for the assessment of the extraction efficiency (R) and enrichment factor (EF) for the tested extraction types. The separation buffer (BGE) consisted of 5 mM sodium tetraborate decahydrate, 50 mM SDS, 15% (v/v) MeOH, 150 mM boric acid, and 1 mM of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (the apparent pH of the BGE equaled 7.3). The EF for each extraction procedure was calculated with respect to standard mixtures of the analytes at the same concentration levels. The 3D-DSPE procedure, using DVB sorbent and acetone as the desorption solvent, proved to be the most effective approach for the simultaneous extraction and determination of the chosen compounds, achieving over 3-fold signal amplification for DHPG and MHPG and over 2-fold for VMA. Moreover, all extraction protocols used for the selected norepinephrine metabolites were estimated and discussed. It was also confirmed that the 3D-DSPE-MEKC approach could be considered an effective tool for sample pretreatment and separation of chosen endogenous analytes in urine samples. Full article
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