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Emerging Role of Microbiome in Pediatric Diseases
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Emerging Role of Microbiome in Pediatric Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 9962

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Katarina Soltys

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
Interests: molecular biology; metagenomics; human gastrointestinal microbiome; environmental microbiome; massivelly-parallel sequencing; oxford-nanopore sequencing; bioinformatics; nontransmissive diseases; gut-brain axis; pediatric oncology; neurobehavioural diseases; biomarker discovery
Dr. Ivan Mikula

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
The Concern Foundation Laboratories at The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Israel-Canada Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
Interests: immunology; cancer biology; molecular biology; animal models

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The microbiome is, without a doubt, important to human health; however, there is still a large gap in our understanding of its role in well-being. Focusing on the microbial composition of different sites of children’s bodies and investigation of microbial properties using different omics approaches could help to elucidate and estimate the pathogenic potential of dysbiosis on the disease outcome. Searching for correlations between bacteria, fungi, archaea, viruses and eukaryotic microorganisms can provide a disease-specific pattern or a set of biomarkers that can push the research level into personalized medicine.

The presence of specific genera or strains can even modulate the progression of the disease or the effect of treatment. Microbiome genes can encode functions and metabolic pathways participating in host biological processes including not only metabolism, but also nutrition and immunity. Various patients’ responses have been linked to interindividual gut microbial composition differences, including cancer immune- and chemotherapies, or treatment of neurobehavioral and neurodevelopmental diseases. These findings suggest including microbiomes into personalized treatment decisions and a precision medicine framework.

The scope of this Special Issue is to put together original research articles and reviews that pinpoint the identification of microbial biomarkers, microbiome-related molecules and microbial properties in pediatric diseases, highlighting their potential use in translational medicine and personalized treatment. Using omics approaches together with machine learning could help to reveal the hidden potential of microorganisms.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Katarina Soltys
Dr. Ivan Mikula
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microbiome
  • microbial biomarkers
  • microbial interactome and resistome
  • omics
  • pediatric diseases
  • microbial metabolomics
  • virome
  • fungi
  • archaea
  • personalized medicine

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 1491 KiB  
Article
Pre-Diagnostic Saliva Microbiota of School-Aged Children Who Developed Type 1 Diabetes or Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
by Laura Räisänen, Nitin Agrawal, Binu Mathew, Sohvi Kääriäinen, Kaija-Leena Kolho and Heli Viljakainen
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(9), 8279; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24098279 - 5 May 2023
Viewed by 2180
Abstract
Altered commensal microbiota composition has been associated with pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), but the causal relationship is still unclear. To search for potential pre-diagnostic biomarkers for pediatric T1D or IBD, we compared microbiota in saliva samples [...] Read more.
Altered commensal microbiota composition has been associated with pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), but the causal relationship is still unclear. To search for potential pre-diagnostic biomarkers for pediatric T1D or IBD, we compared microbiota in saliva samples in a nested case-control design comprising children developing T1D (nchildren = 52) or IBD (nchildren = 21) and controls with a similar age, sex, and residential area (nchildren = 79). The pre-diagnostic saliva microbiota alpha- and beta-diversity of children who would develop T1D (nsamples = 27) or IBD (nsamples = 14) minimally varied from that of controls. The relative abundances of Abiotrophia were higher, while those of Veillonella, Actinomyces, Megasphaera, Butyrivibrio, and Candidatus ancillula were lower in children who would develop T1D. Within 2 years before diagnosis, the metabolic PWY-5677 pathway (converting succinate into butyrate) was lower in pre-T1D samples than in controls (q = 0.034). No significant pre-IBD differences were found. In conclusion, saliva microbiota diversity or composition were not successful predictors for pediatric T1D nor IBD. Intriguingly, the succinate fermentation pathway was predicted to be lowered before the onset of T1D. Thus, investigating functional pathways might provide a better approach in searching for biomarkers for autoimmune disease in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Role of Microbiome in Pediatric Diseases)
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Review

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14 pages, 893 KiB  
Review
Gut Microbiota Alterations and Primary Glomerulonephritis in Children: A Review
by Anna Kawalec and Katarzyna Kiliś-Pstrusińska
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(1), 574; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010574 - 29 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2054
Abstract
The article summarizes the current evidence on the impact of microbiota alterations on immune-mediated primary glomerulonephritis in children. In particular, the focus is on the link between dysbiosis and the onset or recurrence of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, immunoglobulin A nephropathy, and membranous nephropathy. [...] Read more.
The article summarizes the current evidence on the impact of microbiota alterations on immune-mediated primary glomerulonephritis in children. In particular, the focus is on the link between dysbiosis and the onset or recurrence of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, immunoglobulin A nephropathy, and membranous nephropathy. The aim is to describe possible pathomechanisms, differences in gut microbiota composition between pediatric patients and healthy controls, and possible usage of microbiota manipulations in supportive therapy. On this basis, we attempt to indicate directions for further research in that field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Role of Microbiome in Pediatric Diseases)
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13 pages, 304 KiB  
Review
Emerging Role of Microbiome in the Prevention of Urinary Tract Infections in Children
by Anna Kawalec and Danuta Zwolińska
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(2), 870; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020870 - 14 Jan 2022
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 4933
Abstract
The microbiome of the urinary tract plays a significant role in maintaining health through the impact on bladder homeostasis. Urobiome is of great importance in maintaining the urothelial integrity and preventing urinary tract infection (UTI), as well as promoting local immune function. Dysbiosis [...] Read more.
The microbiome of the urinary tract plays a significant role in maintaining health through the impact on bladder homeostasis. Urobiome is of great importance in maintaining the urothelial integrity and preventing urinary tract infection (UTI), as well as promoting local immune function. Dysbiosis in this area has been linked to an increased risk of UTIs, nephrolithiasis, and dysfunction of the lower urinary tract. However, the number of studies in the pediatric population is limited, thus the characteristic of the urobiome in children, its role in a child’s health, and pediatric urologic diseases are not completely understood. This review aims to characterize the healthy urobiome in children, the role of dysbiosis in urinary tract infection, and to summarize the strategies to modification and reshape disease-prone microbiomes in pediatric patients with recurrent urinary tract infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Role of Microbiome in Pediatric Diseases)
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