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Nanotechnology in the Treatment and Diagnosis of Cancer: Opportunities and Challenges

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Nanoscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 April 2025 | Viewed by 4382

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Lucyna Kapka-Skrzypczak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
2. World Institute for Family Health, University of Kalisz, Nowy Swiat 4, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland
Interests: nanotoxicology; impact of nanoparticles on cancer; pesticides toxicity; environmental health

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

According to the latest available data prepared by the World Health Organization, cancer caused almost 10 million deaths in 2020, and at the same time almost 20 million new cases were identified. However, many cancers can be cured if detected and treated early enough. Advances in nanotechnology over recent decades have provided new hope in cancer treatment. Nanomaterials are successfully used at the diagnostic stage, supporting various imaging techniques. Additionally, a number of nanocarriers have been developed for the transport of cytostatic drugs. Moreover, nanotechnology has been used in many forms of anticancer therapy. The use of nanomaterials per se as active substances with direct anticancer effects is also widely discussed.

However, the number of nanomedicines approved for use has not increased significantly over the years. Scientists encounter numerous challenges when trying to transfer the results of in vitro/in vivo research to clinical conditions. There is also an increasing discussion on the scientific forum about the broad spectrum of toxicity of nanomaterials, including their potential procarcinogenic and prometastatic effects.

The aim of this Special Issue is to create a space in which you will be able to share with a wide audience the results of research relating primarily to the use of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, but also focusing on the assessment of the safety of used nanomaterials.

This Special Issue is supervised by Prof. Dr. Lucyna Kapka-Skrzypczak and assisted by our Topical Advisory Panel Member, Dr. Magdalena Matysiak-Kucharek (Institute of Rural Health).

Prof. Dr. Lucyna Kapka-Skrzypczak
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nanomaterials
  • cancer
  • nanomedicine
  • biological effects
  • cancer therapy
  • metastasis

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 3033 KiB  
Article
Bolus Effect Caused by Use of Thermoplastic Masks in Head and Neck Radiotherapy Treatments
by Diego A. Barajas-Lopez, Cristian C. Castellanos-Jerez, José A. Diaz-Merchan and S. A. Martinez-Ovalle
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(16), 9133; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25169133 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 757
Abstract
This paper examines the dosimetric uncertainty arising from the use of thermoplastic masks in the treatment of head and neck cancer through radiotherapy. This study was conducted through Monte Carlo simulations using the Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtended (MCNPX code), and the theoretical results [...] Read more.
This paper examines the dosimetric uncertainty arising from the use of thermoplastic masks in the treatment of head and neck cancer through radiotherapy. This study was conducted through Monte Carlo simulations using the Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtended (MCNPX code), and the theoretical results are compared with radiochromic films. Using material characterization techniques, the compounds of the thermoplastic mask were identified, confirming that most of the material corresponds to the polymer C10H16O4. The theoretical results show increases ranging from 42% to 57.4% in the surface absorbed dose for 6 and 15 MV photon beams, respectively, compared to the absorbed dose without the mask. The experimental data corroborate these findings, showing dose increases ranging from 18.4% to 52.1% compared to the expected surface absorbed dose without the mask. These results highlight the need to consider the bolus effect induced by thermoplastic masks during the precise and safe planning and application of radiotherapy treatment in order to ensure its therapeutic efficacy and minimize the associated risks to patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanotechnology in the Treatment and Diagnosis of Cancer: Opportunities and Challenges)
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10 pages, 3767 KiB  
Article
Testosterone Nanoemulsion Prevents Prostate Cancer: PC-3 and LNCaP Cell Viability In Vitro
by Marco Antonio Botelho and Dinalva Brito Queiroz
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(14), 7729; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147729 - 15 Jul 2024
Viewed by 2186
Abstract
For many years, it has been speculated that elevated testosterone levels may be critically involved in the genesis and proliferation of prostate cancer. Methods: The effect of testosterone on the metabolic activity of hormone-independent [PC-3] and hormone-dependent [LNCAP] cancer cells was investigated in [...] Read more.
For many years, it has been speculated that elevated testosterone levels may be critically involved in the genesis and proliferation of prostate cancer. Methods: The effect of testosterone on the metabolic activity of hormone-independent [PC-3] and hormone-dependent [LNCAP] cancer cells was investigated in vitro. Additionally, the impact of testosterone nanoemulsion [nanocare®] on cell viability was accessed by flow cytometry. Results: Despite the dependency of the normal prostate and of most prostatic cancers upon androgens, the obtained results indicate that, contrary to prevailing opinion, the supplementation of testosterone with higher doses in nanoemulsion was able to lower the metabolic activity and viability of prostate cancer cells. Conclusions: We conclude that the growth of hormone-independent and hormone-dependent prostate cancer cells was reduced by the exposure of a nanoemulsion of bioidentical testostosterone in vitro. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the potential effect of a testosterone nanoemulsion on the metabolic activity of prostate cancer cells has been shown. Such tests suggest that the growth of hormone-independent and hormone-dependent prostate cancer cells was reduced by the administration of bioidentical testostosterone, and this might be an interesting strategy for prostate cancer treatment in diagnosed patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanotechnology in the Treatment and Diagnosis of Cancer: Opportunities and Challenges)
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23 pages, 6631 KiB  
Article
The Synergistic Effect of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Proteasome Inhibitor in the Induction of Apoptosis through Oxidative Stress in Breast Cancer Cell Lines
by Rafał Krętowski, Beata Szynaka, Agata Jabłońska-Trypuć, Anna Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz and Marzanna Cechowska-Pasko
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(10), 5436; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25105436 - 16 May 2024
Viewed by 1004
Abstract
Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and a proteasome inhibitor (MG-132) are some of the most commonly used compounds in various biomedical applications. However, the mechanisms of rGO- and MG-132-induced cytotoxicity remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer effect of [...] Read more.
Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and a proteasome inhibitor (MG-132) are some of the most commonly used compounds in various biomedical applications. However, the mechanisms of rGO- and MG-132-induced cytotoxicity remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer effect of rGO and MG-132 against ZR-75-1 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. The results demonstrated that rGO, MG-132 or a mix (rGO + MG-132) induced time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity in ZR-75-1 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Apart from that, we found that treatment with rGO and MG-132 or the mix increased apoptosis, necrosis and induction of caspase-8 and caspase-9 activity in both breast cancer cell lines. Apoptosis and caspase activation were accompanied by changes in the ultrastructure of mitochondria in ZR-75-1 and MDA-MB-231 cells incubated with rGO. Additionally, in the analyzed cells, we observed the induction of oxidative stress, accompanied by increased apoptosis and cell necrosis. In conclusion, oxidative stress induces apoptosis in the tested cells. At the same time, both mitochondrial and receptor apoptosis pathways are activated. These studies provided new information on the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis in the ZR-75-1 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanotechnology in the Treatment and Diagnosis of Cancer: Opportunities and Challenges)
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