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Interaction of Nanomaterials with Cells and Tissues
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Interaction of Nanomaterials with Cells and Tissues

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Nanoscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 19032

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Peter Veranič

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Interests: epithelium; nano-particles; tunnelling nano-tubes, urinary bladder; cancer; cystitis; chitosan application
Prof. Dr. Igor Križaj

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences at Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Interests: animal venoms; envenomation; neurotoxins; anticoagulants; procoagulants; antithrombotics; hemorrhagins; myotoxins; molecular mechanisms of action; toxin receptors; secreted phospholipases A2; venomics; proteomics; protein structure; structure–function relationships; venoms to drugs
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

During the last several decades we experienced a dramatic increase in the development and production of nanomaterials that were involved in almost all aspects of our life. The characteristic of these particles that propelled their investigation and use is that they gain new properties due to their small size and thus due to the high surface-to-volume ratio if compared to the same material of larger volumes. As such, these nanomaterials can highly interact with living cells and tissues.  Because of the massive production and extended use, we are constantly exposed to nanomaterials found in food, cosmetics, and during the fabrication of practically all kinds of industry products. Due to long-term accumulation of nanomaterials in tissues, this could lead to certain medical issues that have been weakly evaluated. On the other hand, nanomaterials recently gained use also for medical purposes as an advanced drug delivery system and also in quickly developed area of nano-sensors. This Special Issue aims to collect relevant scientific papers on the interaction of nanomaterials with cells and tissues that would address some critical topics in the areas of nano-toxicology, cell metabolism tracking, and nano-sensor development.

Prof. Dr. Peter Veranič
Prof. Dr. Igor Križaj
Guest Editors

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

4 pages, 210 KiB  
Editorial
Interaction of Nanomaterials with Cells and Tissues
by Peter Veranič and Igor Križaj
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(17), 13667; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713667 - 4 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1288
Abstract
Nanomaterials have gained enormous importance in biomedicine in recent years, both in basic and applied sciences [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interaction of Nanomaterials with Cells and Tissues)

Research

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20 pages, 6135 KiB  
Article
MRC-5 Human Lung Fibroblasts Alleviate the Genotoxic Effect of Fe-N Co-Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles through an OGG1/2-Dependent Reparatory Mechanism
by Bogdan Andrei Miu, Ionela Cristina Voinea, Lucian Diamandescu and Anca Dinischiotu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(7), 6401; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076401 - 29 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2114
Abstract
The current study was focused on the potential of pure P25 TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and Fe(1%)-N co-doped P25 TiO2 NPs to induce cyto- and genotoxic effects in MRC-5 human pulmonary fibroblasts. The oxidative lesions of P25 NPs were reflected in the [...] Read more.
The current study was focused on the potential of pure P25 TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and Fe(1%)-N co-doped P25 TiO2 NPs to induce cyto- and genotoxic effects in MRC-5 human pulmonary fibroblasts. The oxidative lesions of P25 NPs were reflected in the amount of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine accumulated in DNA and the lysosomal damage produced, but iron-doping partially suppressed these effects. However, neither P25 nor Fe(1%)-N co-doped P25 NPs had such a serious effect of inducing DNA fragmentation or activating apoptosis signaling. Moreover, oxo-guanine glycosylase 1/2, a key enzyme of the base excision repair mechanism, was overexpressed in response to the oxidative DNA deterioration induced by P25 and P25-Fe(1%)-N NPs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interaction of Nanomaterials with Cells and Tissues)
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Graphical abstract

19 pages, 4776 KiB  
Article
Oleic Acid Protects Endothelial Cells from Silica-Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs)-Induced Oxidative Stress and Cell Death
by Neža Repar, Eva Jarc Jovičić, Ana Kump, Giovanni Birarda, Lisa Vaccari, Andreja Erman, Slavko Kralj, Sebastjan Nemec, Toni Petan and Damjana Drobne
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(13), 6972; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23136972 - 23 Jun 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2757
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have great potential for use in medicine, but they may cause side effects due to oxidative stress. In our study, we investigated the effects of silica-coated SPIONs on endothelial cells and whether oleic acid (OA) can protect the [...] Read more.
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have great potential for use in medicine, but they may cause side effects due to oxidative stress. In our study, we investigated the effects of silica-coated SPIONs on endothelial cells and whether oleic acid (OA) can protect the cells from their harmful effects. We used viability assays, flow cytometry, infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Our results show that silica-coated SPIONs are internalized by endothelial cells, where they increase the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cause cell death. Exposure to silica-coated SPIONs induced accumulation of lipid droplets (LD) that was not dependent on diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT)-mediated LD biogenesis, suggesting that silica-coated SPIONs suppress LD degradation. Addition of exogenous OA promoted LD biogenesis and reduced SPION-dependent increases in oxidative stress and cell death. However, exogenous OA protected cells from SPION-induced cell damage even in the presence of DGAT inhibitors, implying that LDs are not required for the protective effect of exogenous OA. The molecular phenotype of the cells determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the destructive effect of silica-coated SPIONs and the ameliorative role of OA in the case of oxidative stress. Thus, exogenous OA protects endothelial cells from SPION-induced oxidative stress and cell death independent of its incorporation into triglycerides. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interaction of Nanomaterials with Cells and Tissues)
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23 pages, 3143 KiB  
Article
The Relevance of Physico-Chemical Properties and Protein Corona for Evaluation of Nanoparticles Immunotoxicity—In Vitro Correlation Analysis on THP-1 Macrophages
by Mojca Pavlin, Jasna Lojk, Klemen Strojan, Iva Hafner-Bratkovič, Roman Jerala, Adrijana Leonardi, Igor Križaj, Nataša Drnovšek, Saša Novak, Peter Veranič and Vladimir Boštjan Bregar
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(11), 6197; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116197 - 31 May 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2793
Abstract
Alongside physiochemical properties (PCP), it has been suggested that the protein corona of nanoparticles (NPs) plays a crucial role in the response of immune cells to NPs. However, due to the great variety of NPs, target cells, and exposure protocols, there is still [...] Read more.
Alongside physiochemical properties (PCP), it has been suggested that the protein corona of nanoparticles (NPs) plays a crucial role in the response of immune cells to NPs. However, due to the great variety of NPs, target cells, and exposure protocols, there is still no clear relationship between PCP, protein corona composition, and the immunotoxicity of NPs. In this study, we correlated PCP and the protein corona composition of NPs to the THP-1 macrophage response, focusing on selected toxicological endpoints: cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cytokine secretion. We analyzed seven commonly used engineered NPs (SiO2, silver, and TiO2) and magnetic NPs. We show that with the exception of silver NPs, all of the tested TiO2 types and SiO2 exhibited moderate toxicities and a transient inflammatory response that was observed as an increase in ROS, IL-8, and/or IL-1β cytokine secretion. We observed a strong correlation between the size of the NPs in media and IL-1β secretion. The induction of IL-1β secretion was completely blunted in NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) knockout THP-1 cells, indicating activation of the inflammasome. The correlations analysis also implicated the association of specific NP corona proteins with the induction of cytokine secretion. This study provides new insights toward a better understanding of the relationships between PCP, protein corona, and the inflammatory response of macrophages for different engineered NPs, to which we are exposed on a daily basis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interaction of Nanomaterials with Cells and Tissues)
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Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research

17 pages, 1821 KiB  
Review
TiO2 Nanoparticles and Their Effects on Eukaryotic Cells: A Double-Edged Sword
by Jan Gojznikar, Bogdan Zdravković, Marko Vidak, Brane Leskošek and Polonca Ferk
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(20), 12353; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012353 - 15 Oct 2022
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3646
Abstract
Nanoparticulate TiO2 (TiO2 NPs) is a widely used material, whose potential toxicity towards eukaryotic cells has been addressed by multiple studies. TiO2 NPs are considered toxic due to their production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can, among others, lead [...] Read more.
Nanoparticulate TiO2 (TiO2 NPs) is a widely used material, whose potential toxicity towards eukaryotic cells has been addressed by multiple studies. TiO2 NPs are considered toxic due to their production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can, among others, lead to cellular damage, inflammatory responses, and differences in gene expression. TiO2 NPs exhibited toxicity in multiple organs in animals, generating potential health risks also in humans, such as developing tumors or progress of preexisting cancer processes. On the other hand, the capability of TiO2 NPs to induce cell death has found application in photodynamic therapy of cancers. In aquatic environments, much has been done in understanding the impact of TiO2 on bivalves, in which an effect on hemocytes, among others, is reported. Adversities are also reported from other aquatic organisms, including primary producers. These are affected also on land and though some potential benefit might exist when it comes to agricultural plants, TiO2 can also lead to cellular damage and should be considered when it comes to transfer along the food chain towards human consumers. In general, much work still needs to be done to unravel the delicate balance between beneficial and detrimental effects of TiO2 NPs on eukaryotic cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interaction of Nanomaterials with Cells and Tissues)
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24 pages, 4022 KiB  
Review
Immunotoxicity of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials, Starring Phagocytes
by Tereza Svadlakova, Drahomira Holmannova, Martina Kolackova, Andrea Malkova, Jan Krejsek and Zdenek Fiala
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(16), 8889; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23168889 - 10 Aug 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2931
Abstract
In the field of science, technology and medicine, carbon-based nanomaterials and nanoparticles (CNMs) are becoming attractive nanomaterials that are increasingly used. However, it is important to acknowledge the risk of nanotoxicity that comes with the widespread use of CNMs. CNMs can enter the [...] Read more.
In the field of science, technology and medicine, carbon-based nanomaterials and nanoparticles (CNMs) are becoming attractive nanomaterials that are increasingly used. However, it is important to acknowledge the risk of nanotoxicity that comes with the widespread use of CNMs. CNMs can enter the body via inhalation, ingestion, intravenously or by any other route, spread through the bloodstream and penetrate tissues where (in both compartments) they interact with components of the immune system. Like invading pathogens, CNMs can be recognized by large numbers of receptors that are present on the surface of innate immune cells, notably monocytes and macrophages. Depending on the physicochemical properties of CNMs, i.e., shape, size, or adsorbed contamination, phagocytes try to engulf and process CNMs, which might induce pro/anti-inflammatory response or lead to modulation and disruption of basic immune activity. This review focuses on existing data on the immunotoxic potential of CNMs, particularly in professional phagocytes, as they play a central role in processing and eliminating foreign particles. The results of immunotoxic studies are also described in the context of the entry routes, impacts of contamination and means of possible elimination. Mechanisms of proinflammatory effect depending on endocytosis and intracellular distribution of CNMs are highlighted as well. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interaction of Nanomaterials with Cells and Tissues)
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15 pages, 2019 KiB  
Review
Nanodiamonds as Possible Tools for Improved Management of Bladder Cancer and Bacterial Cystitis
by Daša Zupančič and Peter Veranič
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(15), 8183; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158183 - 25 Jul 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2582
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) are a class of carbon nanomaterials with sizes ranging from a few nm to micrometres. Due to their excellent physical, chemical and optical properties, they have recently attracted much attention in biomedicine. In addition, their exceptional biocompatibility and the possibility of [...] Read more.
Nanodiamonds (NDs) are a class of carbon nanomaterials with sizes ranging from a few nm to micrometres. Due to their excellent physical, chemical and optical properties, they have recently attracted much attention in biomedicine. In addition, their exceptional biocompatibility and the possibility of precise surface functionalisation offer promising opportunities for biological applications such as cell labelling and imaging, as well as targeted drug delivery. However, using NDs for selective targeting of desired biomolecules within a complex biological system remains challenging. Urinary bladder cancer and bacterial cystitis are major diseases of the bladder with high incidence and poor treatment options. In this review, we present: (i) the synthesis, properties and functionalisation of NDs; (ii) recent advances in the study of various NDs used for better treatment of bladder cancer and (iii) bacterial cystitis; and (iv) the use of NDs in theranostics of these diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interaction of Nanomaterials with Cells and Tissues)
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