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Advances in Molecular Research of Oral Diseases and Related Biomaterials
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Advances in Molecular Research of Oral Diseases and Related Biomaterials

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 17059

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Gaetano Isola

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Italy, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy
Interests: oral medicine; periodontology; oral diseases; biomaterials; oral biomarkers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In dentistry and oral and maxillofacial surgery, the development of molecular, cellular, and pharmaceutical research is currently a major field of research and education, with a considerable impact on the daily clinical practice and the evolution of therapeutic strategies.

The mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of oral diseases are very complex and not entirely understood. The maintenance of oral health depends mainly on the homeostasis between the oral microbiome and host immune systems, and its disruption is a major event in the initiation of oral disease. Host microbial homeostasis in the oral cavity could be disrupted by ecological, genetic, and epigenetic factors, as well as by subverting the host immune system by some keystone pathogens. A dysregulated immune response is considered to be the major cause of periodontal tissue damage. The immune response is driven by different immune cell types, tissue-resident cells, and numerous pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Understanding the exact mechanisms involved in the progression and control of the immune response is crucially important for the development of new strategies of periodontitis treatment and prevention.

This Special Issue welcomes in vitro, animal, and pre-clinical studies and reviews on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the maintenance of oral host–microbe homeostasis and the regulation of the immune response during oral health and disease. Moreover, studies on biomaterials applied in the oral and maxillofacial field are also accepted.

Prof. Gaetano Isola
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • oral diseases
  • periodontal diseases
  • dental biomaterials
  • serum markers
  • salivary markers
  • oral health
  • biofilm
  • host response
  • miRNA

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 5462 KiB  
Article
Deferoxamine Reduces Inflammation and Osteoclastogenesis in Avulsed Teeth
by Ko Eun Lee, Seunghan Mo, Hyo-Seol Lee, Mijeong Jeon, Je Seon Song, Hyung-Jun Choi, Hyunsoo Cho and Chung-Min Kang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(15), 8225; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158225 - 30 Jul 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2834
Abstract
Replacement and inflammatory resorption are serious complications associated with the delayed replantation of avulsed teeth. In this study, we aimed to assess whether deferoxamine (DFO) can suppress inflammation and osteoclastogenesis in vitro and attenuate inflammation and bone resorption in a replanted rat tooth [...] Read more.
Replacement and inflammatory resorption are serious complications associated with the delayed replantation of avulsed teeth. In this study, we aimed to assess whether deferoxamine (DFO) can suppress inflammation and osteoclastogenesis in vitro and attenuate inflammation and bone resorption in a replanted rat tooth model. Cell viability and inflammation were evaluated in RAW264.7 cells. Osteoclastogenesis was confirmed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, and quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction in teeth exposed to different concentrations of DFO. In vivo, molars of 31 six-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were extracted and stored in saline (n = 10) or DFO solution (n = 21) before replantation. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging and histological analysis were performed to evaluate inflammation and root and alveolar bone resorption. DFO downregulated the genes related to inflammation and osteoclastogenesis. DFO also reduced ROS production and regulated specific pathways. Furthermore, the results of the micro-CT and histological analyses provided evidence of the decrease in inflammation and hard tissue resorption in the DFO group. Overall, these results suggest that DFO reduces inflammation and osteoclastogenesis in a tooth replantation model, and thus, it has to be further investigated as a root surface treatment option for an avulsed tooth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Molecular Research of Oral Diseases and Related Biomaterials)
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Review

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15 pages, 1299 KiB  
Review
Impact of Oral Mesenchymal Stem Cells Applications as a Promising Therapeutic Target in the Therapy of Periodontal Disease
by Mariacristina Amato, Simona Santonocito, Gaia Viglianisi, Marco Tatullo and Gaetano Isola
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(21), 13419; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113419 - 3 Nov 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3659
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting about 20–50% of people, worldwide, and manifesting clinically through the detection of gingival inflammation, clinical attachment loss, radiographically assessed resorption of alveolar bone, gingival bleeding upon probing, teeth mobility and their potential loss at advanced [...] Read more.
Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting about 20–50% of people, worldwide, and manifesting clinically through the detection of gingival inflammation, clinical attachment loss, radiographically assessed resorption of alveolar bone, gingival bleeding upon probing, teeth mobility and their potential loss at advanced stages. It is characterized by a multifactorial etiology, including an imbalance of the oral microbiota, mechanical stress and systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. The current standard treatments for periodontitis include eliminating the microbial pathogens and applying biomaterials to treat the bone defects. However, periodontal tissue regeneration via a process consistent with the natural tissue formation process has not yet been achieved. Developmental biology studies state that periodontal tissue is composed of neural crest-derived ectomesenchyme. The aim of this review is to discuss the clinical utility of stem cells in periodontal regeneration by reviewing the relevant literature that assesses the periodontal-regenerative potential of stem cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Molecular Research of Oral Diseases and Related Biomaterials)
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38 pages, 5492 KiB  
Review
Molecular Research on Oral Diseases and Related Biomaterials: A Journey from Oral Cell Models to Advanced Regenerative Perspectives
by Thorsten Steinberg, Martin Philipp Dieterle and Pascal Tomakidi
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(9), 5288; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095288 - 9 May 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4484
Abstract
Oral diseases such as gingivitis, periodontitis, and oral cancer affect millions of people worldwide. Much research has been conducted to understand the pathogenetic mechanisms of these diseases and translate this knowledge into therapeutics. This review aims to take the reader on a journey [...] Read more.
Oral diseases such as gingivitis, periodontitis, and oral cancer affect millions of people worldwide. Much research has been conducted to understand the pathogenetic mechanisms of these diseases and translate this knowledge into therapeutics. This review aims to take the reader on a journey from the initial molecular discoveries to complex regenerative issues in oral medicine. For this, a semi-systematic literature search was carried out in Medline and Web of Science databases to retrieve the primary literature describing oral cell models and biomaterial applications in oral regenerative medicine. First, an in vitro cell model of gingival keratinocytes is discussed, which illustrates patho- and physiologic principles in the context of oral epithelial homeostasis and carcinogenesis and represents a cellular tool to understand biomaterial-based approaches for periodontal tissue regeneration. Consequently, a layered gradient nonwoven (LGN) is described, which demonstrates that the key features of biomaterials serve as candidates for oral tissue regeneration. LGN supports proper tissue formation and obeys the important principles for molecular mechanotransduction. Furthermore, current biomaterial-based tissue regeneration trends, including polymer modifications, cell-based treatments, antimicrobial peptides and optogenetics, are introduced to represent the full spectrum of current approaches to oral disease mitigation and prevention. Altogether, this review is a foray through established and new concepts in oral regenerative medicine and illustrates the process of knowledge translation from basic molecular and cell biological research to future clinical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Molecular Research of Oral Diseases and Related Biomaterials)
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24 pages, 1637 KiB  
Review
Natural Polymers for the Maintenance of Oral Health: Review of Recent Advances and Perspectives
by Anna Paradowska-Stolarz, Mieszko Wieckiewicz, Artur Owczarek and Joanna Wezgowiec
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(19), 10337; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910337 - 25 Sep 2021
Cited by 54 | Viewed by 4782
Abstract
The success of modern dental treatment is strongly dependent on the materials used both temporarily and permanently. Among all dental materials, polymers are a very important class with a wide spectrum of applications. This review aims to provide a state-of-the-art overview of the [...] Read more.
The success of modern dental treatment is strongly dependent on the materials used both temporarily and permanently. Among all dental materials, polymers are a very important class with a wide spectrum of applications. This review aims to provide a state-of-the-art overview of the recent advances in the field of natural polymers used to maintain or restore oral health. It focuses on the properties of the most common proteins and polysaccharides of natural origin in terms of meeting the specific biological requirements in the increasingly demanding field of modern dentistry. The use of naturally derived polymers in different dental specialties for preventive and therapeutic purposes has been discussed. The major fields of application cover caries and the management of periodontal diseases, the fabrication of membranes and scaffolds for the regeneration of dental structures, the manufacturing of oral appliances and dentures as well as providing systems for oral drug delivery. This paper also includes a comparative characteristic of natural and synthetic dental polymers. Finally, the current review highlights new perspectives, possible future advancements, as well as challenges that may be encountered by researchers in the field of dental applications of polymers of natural origin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Molecular Research of Oral Diseases and Related Biomaterials)
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