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Skin Epidermis and Barrier Function 2.0
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Skin Epidermis and Barrier Function 2.0

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 35394

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Kyung-Min Lim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
Interests: skin; cosmetics; whitening; anti-aging; atopic dermatitis; alternative to animal test methods; irritation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue follows the publication of the first edition on “Skin Epidermis and Barrier Function” which presented 13 high-quality papers.

The skin epidermis is the most superficial epithelial tissue that protects our body from the outer environment. Human skin epidermis has evolved to form an effective barrier against external obnoxious stimuli that may enter the body and the loss of internal moisture. Complex differentiation/proliferation processes orchestrate the maturation of the epidermis, and various molecules participate in skin barrier function. The disruption of epidermal homeostasis is closely linked to various skin diseases that include xerosis, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and skin squamous cell carcinoma. Consequently, the skin epidermis is of high interest to dermatology, pathology, pharmacology, toxicology, molecular biology, and the cosmetic sciences. This Special Issue entitled “Skin Epidermis and Barrier Function” invites research studies on various aspects of the skin epidermis and its barrier function at the molecular level.

Prof. Dr. Kyung-Min Lim
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • Skin epidermis
  • Stratum corneum
  • Corneocytes, keratinocytes
  • Epidermal differentiation/proliferation
  • Skin barrier function, skin barrier dysfunction
  • Epidermal lipids, ceramide, free fatty acid, cholesterol, natural moisturizing factor
  • Filaggrin, loricrin, involucrin, keratin, corneodesmosome
  • Tight junction
  • Atopic dermatitis, eczema
  • Dry skin, psoriasis
  • Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Skin stem cell

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 2117 KiB  
Article
Skullcapflavone II Suppresses TNF-α/IFN-γ-Induced TARC, MDC, and CTSS Production in HaCaT Cells
by Hanon Lee, Dong Hun Lee, Jang-Hee Oh and Jin Ho Chung
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(12), 6428; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126428 - 16 Jun 2021
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 5096
Abstract
Skullcapflavone II (SFII), a flavonoid derived from Scutellaria baicalensis, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties. However, its therapeutic potential for skin inflammatory diseases and its mechanism are unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of SFII on TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced atopic [...] Read more.
Skullcapflavone II (SFII), a flavonoid derived from Scutellaria baicalensis, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties. However, its therapeutic potential for skin inflammatory diseases and its mechanism are unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of SFII on TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced atopic dermatitis (AD)-associated cytokines, such as thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC). Co-stimulation with TNF-α/IFN-γ in HaCaT cells is a well-established model for induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We treated cells with SFII prior to TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulation and confirmed that it significantly inhibited TARC and MDC expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, SFII also inhibited the expression of cathepsin S (CTSS), which is associated with itching in patients with AD. Using specific inhibitors, we demonstrated that STAT1, NF-κB, and p38 MAPK mediate TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced TARC and MDC, as well as CTSS expression. Finally, we confirmed that SFII significantly suppressed TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced phosphorylation of STAT1, NF-κB, and p38 MAPK. Taken together, our study indicates that SFII inhibits TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced TARC, MDC, and CTSS expression by regulating STAT1, NF-κB, and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skin Epidermis and Barrier Function 2.0)
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13 pages, 10348 KiB  
Article
UV-Irradiation- and Inflammation-Induced Skin Barrier Dysfunction Is Associated with the Expression of Olfactory Receptor Genes in Human Keratinocytes
by Wesuk Kang, Bomin Son, Soyoon Park, Dabin Choi and Taesun Park
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(6), 2799; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062799 - 10 Mar 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4380
Abstract
Olfactory receptors (ORs) have diverse physiological roles in various cell types, beyond their function as odorant sensors in the olfactory epithelium. These previous findings have suggested that ORs could be diagnostic markers and promising therapeutic targets in several pathological conditions. In the current [...] Read more.
Olfactory receptors (ORs) have diverse physiological roles in various cell types, beyond their function as odorant sensors in the olfactory epithelium. These previous findings have suggested that ORs could be diagnostic markers and promising therapeutic targets in several pathological conditions. In the current study, we sought to characterize the changes in the expression of ORs in the HaCaT human keratinocytes cell line exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light or inflammation, well-recognized stimulus for skin barrier disruption. We confirmed that major olfactory signaling components, including ORs, GNAL, Ric8b, and adenylate cyclase type 3, are highly expressed in HaCaT cells. We have also demonstrated that the 12 ectopic ORs detectable in HaCaT cells are more highly expressed in UV-irradiated or inflamed conditions than in normal conditions. We further assessed the specific OR-mediated biological responses of HaCaT cells in the presence of known odorant ligands of ORs and observed that specific ligand-activated ORs downregulate skin barrier genes in HaCaT cells. This study shows the potential of OR as a marker for skin barrier abnormalities. Further research is needed to explore how OR is implicated in the development and progression of barrier dysfunction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skin Epidermis and Barrier Function 2.0)
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Review

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14 pages, 1479 KiB  
Review
Five Functional Aspects of the Epidermal Barrier
by Alain Lefèvre-Utile, Camille Braun, Marek Haftek and François Aubin
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(21), 11676; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111676 - 28 Oct 2021
Cited by 69 | Viewed by 11100
Abstract
The epidermis is a living, multilayered barrier with five functional levels, including a physical, a chemical, a microbial, a neuronal, and an immune level. Altogether, this complex organ contributes to protect the host from external aggression and to preserve its integrity. In this [...] Read more.
The epidermis is a living, multilayered barrier with five functional levels, including a physical, a chemical, a microbial, a neuronal, and an immune level. Altogether, this complex organ contributes to protect the host from external aggression and to preserve its integrity. In this review, we focused on the different functional aspects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skin Epidermis and Barrier Function 2.0)
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27 pages, 2042 KiB  
Review
Skin Barrier Dysregulation in Psoriasis
by Andreas Orsmond, Lara Bereza-Malcolm, Tom Lynch, Lyn March and Meilang Xue
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(19), 10841; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910841 - 7 Oct 2021
Cited by 84 | Viewed by 8881
Abstract
The skin barrier is broadly composed of two elements—a physical barrier mostly localised in the epidermis, and an immune barrier localised in both the dermis and epidermis. These two systems interact cooperatively to maintain skin homeostasis and overall human health. However, if dysregulated, [...] Read more.
The skin barrier is broadly composed of two elements—a physical barrier mostly localised in the epidermis, and an immune barrier localised in both the dermis and epidermis. These two systems interact cooperatively to maintain skin homeostasis and overall human health. However, if dysregulated, several skin diseases may arise. Psoriasis is one of the most prevalent skin diseases associated with disrupted barrier function. It is characterised by the formation of psoriatic lesions, the aberrant differentiation and proliferation of keratinocytes, and excessive inflammation. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries in disease pathogenesis, including the contribution of keratinocytes, immune cells, genetic and environmental factors, and how they advance current and future treatments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skin Epidermis and Barrier Function 2.0)
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19 pages, 979 KiB  
Review
The Influence of Microbiome Dysbiosis and Bacterial Biofilms on Epidermal Barrier Function in Atopic Dermatitis—An Update
by Leszek Blicharz, Lidia Rudnicka, Joanna Czuwara, Anna Waśkiel-Burnat, Mohamad Goldust, Małgorzata Olszewska and Zbigniew Samochocki
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(16), 8403; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168403 - 5 Aug 2021
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 4079
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory dermatosis affecting up to 30% of children and 10% of adults worldwide. AD is primarily driven by an epidermal barrier defect which triggers immune dysregulation within the skin. According to recent research such phenomena are closely [...] Read more.
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory dermatosis affecting up to 30% of children and 10% of adults worldwide. AD is primarily driven by an epidermal barrier defect which triggers immune dysregulation within the skin. According to recent research such phenomena are closely related to the microbial dysbiosis of the skin. There is growing evidence that cutaneous microbiota and bacterial biofilms negatively affect skin barrier function, contributing to the onset and exacerbation of AD. This review summarizes the latest data on the mechanisms leading to microbiome dysbiosis and biofilm formation in AD, and the influence of these phenomena on skin barrier function. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skin Epidermis and Barrier Function 2.0)
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