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The Relationship, Mechanisms, and Treatment Strategies of Diabetes Mellitus and Related Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 March 2025 | Viewed by 5956

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Maria Kokozidou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg and Salzburg, Prof. Ernst Nathan Str. 1, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany
Interests: diabetes mellitus; molecular mechanisms; related diseases; genetic basis; microRNAs; incretins; targeted therapies; immunotherapy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The intersection of diabetes mellitus and related diseases represents a complex and multifaceted field, increasingly in the focus of molecular research. This special issue aims to explore the intricate relationships, underlying mechanisms, and innovative treatment strategies at the molecular level. It covers a range of topics, including the genetic and epigenetic basis of diabetes, the role of microRNAs and incretin hormones, as well as the latest advancements in targeted therapies and immunotherapy. This call for papers invites contributions that offer novel insights and perspectives on this critical area of biomedical research.

Dr. Maria Kokozidou
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diabetes mellitus
  • molecular mechanisms
  • related diseases
  • genetic basis
  • microRNAs
  • incretins
  • targeted therapies
  • immunotherapy

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 3385 KiB  
Article
Deep Immune and RNA Profiling Revealed Distinct Circulating CD163+ Monocytes in Diabetes-Related Complications
by Elisha Siwan, Jencia Wong, Belinda A. Brooks, Diana Shinko, Callum J. Baker, Nandan Deshpande, Susan V. McLennan, Stephen M. Twigg and Danqing Min
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(18), 10094; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251810094 - 19 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1369
Abstract
CD163, a scavenger receptor with anti-inflammatory function expressed exclusively on monocytes/macrophages, is dysregulated in cases of diabetes complications. This study aimed to characterize circulating CD163+ monocytes in the presence (D+Comps) or absence (D−Comps) of diabetes-related complications. RNA-sequencing and mass [...] Read more.
CD163, a scavenger receptor with anti-inflammatory function expressed exclusively on monocytes/macrophages, is dysregulated in cases of diabetes complications. This study aimed to characterize circulating CD163+ monocytes in the presence (D+Comps) or absence (D−Comps) of diabetes-related complications. RNA-sequencing and mass cytometry were conducted on CD163+ monocytes in adults with long-duration diabetes and D+Comps or D−Comps. Out of 10,868 differentially expressed genes identified between D+Comps and D−Comps, 885 were up-regulated and 190 were down-regulated with a ≥ 1.5-fold change. In D+Comps, ‘regulation of centrosome cycle’ genes were enriched 6.7-fold compared to the reference genome. MIR27A, MIR3648-1, and MIR23A, the most up-regulated and CD200R1, the most down-regulated gene, were detected in D+Comps from the list of 75 ‘genes of interest’. CD163+ monocytes in D+Comps had a low proportion of recruitment markers CCR5, CD11b, CD11c, CD31, and immune regulation markers CD39 and CD86. A gene–protein network identified down-regulated TLR4 and CD11b as ‘hub-nodes’. In conclusion, this study reports novel insights into CD163+ monocyte dysregulation in diabetes-related complications. Enriched centrosome cycle genes and up-regulated miRNAs linked to apoptosis, coupled with down-regulated monocyte activation, recruitment, and immune regulation, suggest functionally distinct CD163+ monocytes in cases of diabetes complications. Further investigation is needed to confirm their role in diabetes-related tissue damage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Relationship, Mechanisms, and Treatment Strategies of Diabetes Mellitus and Related Diseases)
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Review

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23 pages, 3780 KiB  
Review
What Not to Overlook in the Management of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Nephrological and Hepatological Perspectives
by Carlo Maria Alfieri, Paolo Molinari, Felice Cinque, Simone Vettoretti, Annalisa Cespiati, Daniela Bignamini, Luca Nardelli, Anna Ludovica Fracanzani, Giuseppe Castellano and Rosa Lombardi
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(14), 7728; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147728 - 15 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1824
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) significantly impacts renal and hepatic function, necessitating comprehensive understanding and management strategies. Renal involvement, namely diabetic kidney disease (DKD), presents a global challenge, with increasing prevalence paralleling DM rates. Lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapy targeting hypertension and glycemic control have pivotal [...] Read more.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) significantly impacts renal and hepatic function, necessitating comprehensive understanding and management strategies. Renal involvement, namely diabetic kidney disease (DKD), presents a global challenge, with increasing prevalence paralleling DM rates. Lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapy targeting hypertension and glycemic control have pivotal roles in DKD management. Concurrently, hepatic involvement in DM, characterized by metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), presents a bidirectional relationship. DM exacerbates MASLD progression, while MASLD predisposes to DM development and worsens glycemic control. Screening for MASLD in DM patients is of high importance, utilizing non-invasive methods like ultrasound and fibrosis scores. Lifestyle modifications, such as weight loss and a Mediterranean diet, mitigate MASLD progression. Promising pharmacotherapies, like SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists, demonstrate efficacy in both DM and MASLD management. Special populations, such as diabetic individuals undergoing hemodialysis or kidney transplant recipients, demand special care due to unique clinical features. Similarly, DM exacerbates complications in MASLD patients, elevating the risks of hepatic decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recognizing the interconnectedness of DM, renal, and hepatic diseases underscores the need for multidisciplinary approaches for optimal patient outcomes. The present review aims to present the main characteristics and crucial points not to be overlooked regarding the renal and hepatic involvement in DM patients focusing on the inter-relationships between the renal and the hepatic involvements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Relationship, Mechanisms, and Treatment Strategies of Diabetes Mellitus and Related Diseases)
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43 pages, 859 KiB  
Review
Associations between Diabetes Mellitus and Selected Cancers
by Monika Pliszka and Leszek Szablewski
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(13), 7476; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137476 - 8 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1796
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of mortality and is the second leading cause of death. Diabetes mellitus is a serious and growing problem worldwide, and its prevalence continues to grow; it is the 12th leading cause of death. An association between [...] Read more.
Cancer is one of the major causes of mortality and is the second leading cause of death. Diabetes mellitus is a serious and growing problem worldwide, and its prevalence continues to grow; it is the 12th leading cause of death. An association between diabetes mellitus and cancer has been suggested for more than 100 years. Diabetes is a common disease diagnosed among patients with cancer, and evidence indicates that approximately 8–18% of patients with cancer have diabetes, with investigations suggesting an association between diabetes and some particular cancers, increasing the risk for developing cancers such as pancreatic, liver, colon, breast, stomach, and a few others. Breast and colorectal cancers have increased from 20% to 30% and there is a 97% increased risk of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma or endometrial cancer. On the other hand, a number of cancers and cancer therapies increase the risk of diabetes mellitus. Complications due to diabetes in patients with cancer may influence the choice of cancer therapy. Unfortunately, the mechanisms of the associations between diabetes mellitus and cancer are still unknown. The aim of this review is to summarize the association of diabetes mellitus with selected cancers and update the evidence on the underlying mechanisms of this association. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Relationship, Mechanisms, and Treatment Strategies of Diabetes Mellitus and Related Diseases)
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