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Regulation of Transcription Factor–Hormone Networks in Plants
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Regulation of Transcription Factor–Hormone Networks in Plants

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 January 2025 | Viewed by 8730

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Massimiliano Sassi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, 500185 Rome, Italy
Interests: plant development; morphogenesis; meristems; phytohormones
Dr. Giovanna Sessa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, 500185 Rome, Italy
Interests: arabidopsis; developmental pathways; environmental responses; HD-Zip transcription factors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The generation of complex plant architectures depends on the coordinated balance between the proliferative activity of plant meristems and the differentiation of newly formed cells and tissues into organs with definite sizes, shapes and spatial arrangements. This balance is genetically controlled by molecular regulatory networks involving key transcription factors and phytohormones which, through a complex web of interactions, drive plant developmental patterning. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind these networks is relevant to fundamental and applied research alike: agronomically relevant traits such as plant biomass, crop yield and agricultural land use all depend on the genetic mechanisms regulating plant architectures.

This Special Issue will focus on the TF–hormone molecular regulatory networks and their role in the genetic control of plant architecture, as well as explore recent advances in the regulation of meristems functions and organ formation. We will welcome original research contributions and timely review articles on model and crop species.

Dr. Massimiliano Sassi
Dr. Giovanna Sessa
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • transcription factors
  • hormones
  • regulatory networks
  • plant architecture
  • meristem
  • organogenesis

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 8128 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Aging-Related AP2/ERF Transcription Factor Gene Family in Osmanthus fragrans
by Gongwei Chen, Tianqi Shao, Yixiao Zhou, Fengyuan Chen, Dandan Zhang, Heng Gu, Yuanzheng Yue, Lianggui Wang and Xiulian Yang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(15), 8025; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158025 - 23 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 787
Abstract
Ethylene-Responsive Factor (ERF) is a key element found in the middle and lower reaches of the ethylene signal transduction pathway. It is widely distributed in plants and plays important roles in plant growth and development, hormone signal transduction, and various stress processes. Although [...] Read more.
Ethylene-Responsive Factor (ERF) is a key element found in the middle and lower reaches of the ethylene signal transduction pathway. It is widely distributed in plants and plays important roles in plant growth and development, hormone signal transduction, and various stress processes. Although there is research on AP/ERF family members, research on AP2/ERF in Osmanthus fragrans is lacking. Thus, in this work, AP2/ERF in O. fragrans was extensively and comprehensively analyzed. A total of 298 genes encoding OfAP2/ERF proteins with complete AP2/ERF domains were identified. Based on the number of AP2/ERF domains and the similarity among amino acid sequences between AP2/ERF proteins from A. thaliana and O. fragrans, the 298 putative OfAP2/ERF proteins were divided into four different families, including AP2 (45), ERF (247), RAV (5), and SOLOIST (1). In addition, the exon–intron structure characteristics of these putative OfAP2/ERF genes and the conserved protein motifs of their encoded OfAP2/ERF proteins were analyzed, and the results were found to be consistent with those of the population classification. A tissue-specific analysis showed the spatiotemporal expression of OfAP2/ERF in the stems and leaves of O. fragrans at different developmental stages. Specifically, 21 genes were not expressed in any tissue, while high levels of expression were found for 25 OfAP2/ERF genes in several tissues, 60 genes in the roots, 34 genes in the stems, 37 genes in young leaves, 34 genes in old leaves, 32 genes in the early flowering stage, 18 genes in the full flowering stage, and 37 genes in the late flowering stage. Quantitative RT-PCR experiments showed that OfERF110a and OfERF110b had the highest expression levels at the full-bloom stage (S4), and this gradually decreased with the senescence of petals. The expression of OfERF119c decreased first and then increased, while the expression levels of OfERF4c and OfERF5a increased constantly. This indicated that these genes may play roles in flower senescence and the ethylene response. In the subsequent subcellular localization experiments, we found that ERF1-4 was localized in the nucleus, indicating that it was expressed in the nucleus. In yeast self-activation experiments, we found that OfERF112, OfERF228, and OfERF23 had self-activation activity. Overall, these results suggest that OfERFs may have the function of regulating petal senescence in O. fragrans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation of Transcription Factor–Hormone Networks in Plants)
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19 pages, 8095 KiB  
Article
Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Insights into ABA-Related Genes in Cerasus humilis under Drought Stress
by Yu Liu, Chenxue Zhao, Xuedong Tang, Lianjun Wang and Ruixue Guo
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(14), 7635; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147635 - 11 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1071
Abstract
Cerasus humilis, a small shrub of the Cerasus genus within the Rosaceae family, is native to China and renowned for its highly nutritious and medicinal fruits, robust root system, and remarkable drought resistance. This study primarily employed association transcriptome and metabolome analyses [...] Read more.
Cerasus humilis, a small shrub of the Cerasus genus within the Rosaceae family, is native to China and renowned for its highly nutritious and medicinal fruits, robust root system, and remarkable drought resistance. This study primarily employed association transcriptome and metabolome analyses to assess changes in abscisic acid (ABA) levels and identify key regulatory genes in C. humilis subjected to varying degrees of drought stress. Notably, we observed distinct alterations in transcription factors across different drought intensities. Specifically, our transcriptome data indicated noteworthy shifts in GATA, MYB, MYC, WRKY, C2H2, and bHLH transcription factor families. Furthermore, combined transcriptomic and metabolomic investigations demonstrated significant enrichment of metabolic pathways, such as ‘Carbon metabolism’, ‘Biosynthesis of amino acids’, ‘Biosynthesis of cofactors’, ‘Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis’, ‘Starch and sucrose metabolism’, and ‘Plant hormone signal transduction’ under moderate (Mod) or severe (Sev) drought conditions. A total of 11 candidate genes involved in ABA biosynthesis and signaling pathways were identified. The down-regulated genes included secoisolariciresinol dehydrogenase-like and PYL2. Conversely, genes including FAD-dependent urate hydroxylase-like, cytochrome P450 97B2, carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 (CCD4), SnRK2.2, ABI 5-like protein 5, PP2C 51, and SnRK2.3, were up-regulated under Mod or Sev drought stress. This study lays the genetic foundation for ABA biosynthesis to enhance drought tolerance and provides genetic resources for plant genetic engineering and breeding efforts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation of Transcription Factor–Hormone Networks in Plants)
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Review

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13 pages, 1411 KiB  
Review
Male Germ Cell Specification in Plants
by Wenqian Chen, Pan Wang, Chan Liu, Yuting Han and Feng Zhao
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(12), 6643; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126643 - 17 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1033
Abstract
Germ cells (GCs) serve as indispensable carriers in both animals and plants, ensuring genetic continuity across generations. While it is generally acknowledged that the timing of germline segregation differs significantly between animals and plants, ongoing debates persist as new evidence continues to emerge. [...] Read more.
Germ cells (GCs) serve as indispensable carriers in both animals and plants, ensuring genetic continuity across generations. While it is generally acknowledged that the timing of germline segregation differs significantly between animals and plants, ongoing debates persist as new evidence continues to emerge. In this review, we delve into studies focusing on male germ cell specifications in plants, and we summarize the core gene regulatory circuits in germ cell specification, which show remarkable parallels to those governing meristem homeostasis. The similarity in germline establishment between animals and plants is also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation of Transcription Factor–Hormone Networks in Plants)
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22 pages, 1537 KiB  
Review
The Ins and Outs of Homeodomain-Leucine Zipper/Hormone Networks in the Regulation of Plant Development
by Giovanna Sessa, Monica Carabelli and Massimiliano Sassi
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(11), 5657; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25115657 - 23 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 917
Abstract
The generation of complex plant architectures depends on the interactions among different molecular regulatory networks that control the growth of cells within tissues, ultimately shaping the final morphological features of each structure. The regulatory networks underlying tissue growth and overall plant shapes are [...] Read more.
The generation of complex plant architectures depends on the interactions among different molecular regulatory networks that control the growth of cells within tissues, ultimately shaping the final morphological features of each structure. The regulatory networks underlying tissue growth and overall plant shapes are composed of intricate webs of transcriptional regulators which synergize or compete to regulate the expression of downstream targets. Transcriptional regulation is intimately linked to phytohormone networks as transcription factors (TFs) might act as effectors or regulators of hormone signaling pathways, further enhancing the capacity and flexibility of molecular networks in shaping plant architectures. Here, we focus on homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIP) proteins, a class of plant-specific transcriptional regulators, and review their molecular connections with hormonal networks in different developmental contexts. We discuss how HD-ZIP proteins emerge as key regulators of hormone action in plants and further highlight the fundamental role that HD-ZIP/hormone networks play in the control of the body plan and plant growth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation of Transcription Factor–Hormone Networks in Plants)
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26 pages, 3205 KiB  
Review
Stem Cells: Engines of Plant Growth and Development
by Liu Hong and Jennifer C. Fletcher
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(19), 14889; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914889 - 4 Oct 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3999
Abstract
The development of both animals and plants relies on populations of pluripotent stem cells that provide the cellular raw materials for organ and tissue formation. Plant stem cell reservoirs are housed at the shoot and root tips in structures called meristems, with the [...] Read more.
The development of both animals and plants relies on populations of pluripotent stem cells that provide the cellular raw materials for organ and tissue formation. Plant stem cell reservoirs are housed at the shoot and root tips in structures called meristems, with the shoot apical meristem (SAM) continuously producing aerial leaf, stem, and flower organs throughout the life cycle. Thus, the SAM acts as the engine of plant development and has unique structural and molecular features that allow it to balance self-renewal with differentiation and act as a constant source of new cells for organogenesis while simultaneously maintaining a stem cell reservoir for future organ formation. Studies have identified key roles for intercellular regulatory networks that establish and maintain meristem activity, including the KNOX transcription factor pathway and the CLV-WUS stem cell feedback loop. In addition, the plant hormones cytokinin and auxin act through their downstream signaling pathways in the SAM to integrate stem cell activity and organ initiation. This review discusses how the various regulatory pathways collectively orchestrate SAM function and touches on how their manipulation can alter stem cell activity to improve crop yield. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation of Transcription Factor–Hormone Networks in Plants)
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