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Light-Dependent Control of Metabolism in Plants
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Light-Dependent Control of Metabolism in Plants

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 February 2023) | Viewed by 15187

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Gábor Kocsy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Agricultural Institute, ELKH Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
Interests: abiotic stress; antioxidants; cereals; reactive oxygen species; redox regulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Maria Müller

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Biology, Plant Sciences, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 51, 8010 Graz, Australia
Interests: abiotic and biotic stress; antioxidants; agricultural and model plants; reactive oxygen species
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Spatial (latitude, altitude, shade) and temporal (daily, seasonal) changes in light intensity and spectrum are important in the adjustment of metabolic processes to environmental conditions, which can reduce stress-induced damage. The photoreceptors of plants sense the alterations in the intensity and ratio of UV-B, blue, red and far-red spectral components, and the metabolism is modified through light-responsive signalling pathways. In this signal transduction, reactive oxygen species and antioxidants are especially important because of the redox sensitivity of many transcription factors and enzymes, as well as the need for reductants or oxidants in several reaction steps. The light-dependent control of basic metabolic pathways such as carbon and nitrogen metabolism will also affect the growth and development of plants. A better understanding of this regulation is also important for agriculture, since the determination of the optimal light conditions for indoor farming will result in increased yield. This Special Issue will present and discuss the physiological, biochemical, and molecular biological effects of changes in light intensity and spectrum on the metabolism in plants, showing the regulatory mechanisms and causal relationships between changes in light conditions and various metabolic pathways.

Dr. Gábor Kocsy
Prof. Dr. Maria Müller
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • light intensity and spectrum

  • light-dependent control
  • light conditions
  • light-responsive signalling pathways
  • metabolic pathways/processes
  • plants
  • stress

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

3 pages, 198 KiB  
Editorial
Light-Dependent Control of Metabolism in Plants
by Gábor Kocsy and Maria Müller
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(18), 13861; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813861 - 8 Sep 2023
Viewed by 990
Abstract
The energy of sunlight is converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis in plants [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Light-Dependent Control of Metabolism in Plants)

Research

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22 pages, 8431 KiB  
Article
Far-Red-Light-Induced Morphology Changes, Phytohormone, and Transcriptome Reprogramming of Chinese Kale (Brassica alboglabra Bailey)
by Yamin Li, Haozhao Jiang, Meifang Gao, Rui He, Xiaojuan Liu, Wei Su and Houcheng Liu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(6), 5563; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065563 - 14 Mar 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2795
Abstract
With far-red-light supplementation (3 W·m−2, and 6 W·m−2), the flower budding rate, plant height, internode length, plant display, and stem diameter of Chinese kale were largely elevated, as well as the leaf morphology such as leaf length, leaf width, [...] Read more.
With far-red-light supplementation (3 W·m−2, and 6 W·m−2), the flower budding rate, plant height, internode length, plant display, and stem diameter of Chinese kale were largely elevated, as well as the leaf morphology such as leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, and leaf area. Consequently, the fresh weight and dry weight of the edible parts of Chinese kale were markedly increased. The photosynthetic traits were enhanced, and the mineral elements were accumulated. To further explore the mechanism that far-red light simultaneously promoted the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of Chinese kale, this study used RNA sequencing to gain a global perspective on the transcriptional regulation, combining it with an analysis of composition and content of phytohormones. A total of 1409 differentially expressed genes were identified, involved mainly in pathways related to photosynthesis, plant circadian rhythm, plant hormone biosynthesis, and signal transduction. The gibberellins GA9, GA19, and GA20 and the auxin ME-IAA were strongly accumulated under far-red light. However, the contents of the gibberellins GA4 and GA24, the cytokinins IP and cZ, and the jasmonate JA were significantly reduced by far-red light. The results indicated that the supplementary far-red light can be a useful tool to regulate the vegetative architecture, elevate the density of cultivation, enhance the photosynthesis, increase the mineral accumulation, accelerate the growth, and obtain a significantly higher yield of Chinese kale. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Light-Dependent Control of Metabolism in Plants)
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14 pages, 2229 KiB  
Article
Light-Dependent Nitrate Removal Capacity of Green Microalgae
by Vaishali Rani and Gergely Maróti
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(1), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010077 - 21 Dec 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1884
Abstract
In the present study, Chlamydomonas sp. MACC-216 was used to investigate total nitrate removal in TAP medium with sodium nitrate as the sole nitrogen source under several light conditions made up of permuted combinations of three light colors (referred to as blue, red, [...] Read more.
In the present study, Chlamydomonas sp. MACC-216 was used to investigate total nitrate removal in TAP medium with sodium nitrate as the sole nitrogen source under several light conditions made up of permuted combinations of three light colors (referred to as blue, red, and white light) and three light intensities (50 µmol m−2 s−1, 100 µmol m−2 s−1, and 250 µmol m−2 s−1). It was observed that nitrate removal efficiency is influenced by light color as well as light intensity. Additionally, Chlamydomonas sp. MACC-216 was cultivated in synthetic wastewater under four light conditions, namely, Blue 250, Blue 125 + Red 125, Red 250, and White 250, where it showed the highest nitrate removal efficiency and nitrate reductase activity under the Blue 125 + Red 125 light condition. To observe the impact of light color on the nitrate removal capacity of Chlamydomonas sp. MACC-216, the expression of five genes participating in nitrate transport and reduction (NRT1, NRT2.1, NRT2.2, NIA, and MCP) was also analyzed; these genes showed the highest expression under the Blue 125 + Red 125 light condition. Based on the above-mentioned findings, the blue + red light combination emerged as a promising light combination for nitrate removal. Hence, our study suggests the importance of the blue + red light combination together with high light intensity, as the optimal light condition for nitrate removal from synthetic wastewater in comparison to other monochromatic lights with high light intensity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Light-Dependent Control of Metabolism in Plants)
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13 pages, 3153 KiB  
Article
Light Dependent Changes in Adenylate Methylation of the Promoter of the Mitochondrial Citrate Synthase Gene in Maize (Zea mays L.) Leaves
by Alexander T. Eprintsev, Dmitry N. Fedorin and Abir U. Igamberdiev
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(21), 13495; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113495 - 4 Nov 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1651
Abstract
Limited methyl-specific restriction of genomic DNA by endonuclease MAL1 revealed the changes in its methyl status caused by adenine modification in maize (Zea mays L.) leaves under different light conditions (dark, light, irradiation by red and far-red light). Incubation in the light [...] Read more.
Limited methyl-specific restriction of genomic DNA by endonuclease MAL1 revealed the changes in its methyl status caused by adenine modification in maize (Zea mays L.) leaves under different light conditions (dark, light, irradiation by red and far-red light). Incubation in the light and irradiation by red light exhibited an activating effect on DNA adenine methylase activity, which was reflected in an increase in the number of methylated adenines in GATC sites. Far-red light and darkness exhibited an opposite effect. The use of nitrite conversion of DNA followed by methyladenine-dependent restriction by MboI nuclease revealed a phytochrome B-dependent mechanism of regulation of the methyl status of adenine in the GATC sites in the promoter of the gene encoding the mitochondrial isoform of citrate synthase. Irradiation of plants with red light caused changes in the adenine methyl status of the analyzed amplicon, as evidenced by the presence of restriction products of 290, 254, and 121 nucleotides. Adenine methylation occurred at all three GATC sites in the analyzed DNA sequence. It is concluded that adenylate methylation is controlled by phytochrome B via the transcription factor PIF4 and represents an important mechanism for the tricarboxylic acid cycle regulation by light. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Light-Dependent Control of Metabolism in Plants)
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19 pages, 5165 KiB  
Article
Far-Red Light Coordinates the Diurnal Changes in the Transcripts Related to Nitrate Reduction, Glutathione Metabolism and Antioxidant Enzymes in Barley
by Eszter Balogh, Balázs Kalapos, Mohamed Ahres, Ákos Boldizsár, Krisztián Gierczik, Zsolt Gulyás, Mónika Gyugos, Gabriella Szalai, Aliz Novák and Gábor Kocsy
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(13), 7479; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137479 - 5 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2119
Abstract
Spectral quality, intensity and period of light modify many regulatory and stress signaling pathways in plants. Both nitrate and sulfate assimilations must be synchronized with photosynthesis, which ensures energy and reductants for these pathways. However, photosynthesis is also a source of reactive oxygen [...] Read more.
Spectral quality, intensity and period of light modify many regulatory and stress signaling pathways in plants. Both nitrate and sulfate assimilations must be synchronized with photosynthesis, which ensures energy and reductants for these pathways. However, photosynthesis is also a source of reactive oxygen species, whose levels are controlled by glutathione and other antioxidants. In this study, we investigated the effect of supplemental far-red (735 nm) and blue (450 nm) lights on the diurnal expression of the genes related to photoreceptors, the circadian clock, nitrate reduction, glutathione metabolism and various antioxidants in barley. The maximum expression of the investigated four photoreceptor and three clock-associated genes during the light period was followed by the peaking of the transcripts of the three redox-responsive transcription factors during the dark phase, while most of the nitrate and sulfate reduction, glutathione metabolism and antioxidant-enzyme-related genes exhibited high expression during light exposure in plants grown in light/dark cycles for two days. These oscillations changed or disappeared in constant white light during the subsequent two days. Supplemental far-red light induced the activation of most of the studied genes, while supplemental blue light did not affect or inhibited them during light/dark cycles. However, in constant light, several genes exhibited greater expression in blue light than in white and far-red lights. Based on a correlation analysis of the gene expression data, we propose a major role of far-red light in the coordinated transcriptional adjustment of nitrate reduction, glutathione metabolism and antioxidant enzymes to changes of the light spectrum. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Light-Dependent Control of Metabolism in Plants)
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18 pages, 3894 KiB  
Article
Effect of Supplemental UV-A Intensity on Growth and Quality of Kale under Red and Blue Light
by Haozhao Jiang, Yamin Li, Rui He, Jiehui Tan, Kaizhe Liu, Yongkang Chen and Houcheng Liu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(12), 6819; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126819 - 19 Jun 2022
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2618
Abstract
Different intensities of UV-A (6, 12, 18 μmol·m−2s−1) were applied in a plant factory to evaluate the combined influences of supplemental UV-A and red and blue light (Red:Blue = 1:1 at PPFD of 250 μmol·m−2 s−1) [...] Read more.
Different intensities of UV-A (6, 12, 18 μmol·m−2s−1) were applied in a plant factory to evaluate the combined influences of supplemental UV-A and red and blue light (Red:Blue = 1:1 at PPFD of 250 μmol·m−2 s−1) on the biomass, antioxidant activity and phytochemical accumulation of kale. Supplemental UV-A treatments (T1: 6 μmol·m−2 s−1, T2: 12 μmol·m−2 s−1 and T3: 18 μmol·m−2 s−1) resulted in higher moisture content, higher pigment content, and greater leaf area of kale while T2 reached its highest point. T2 treatment positively enhanced the antioxidant capacity, increased the contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar and reduced the nitrate content. T1 treatment markedly increased the content of aliphatic glucosinolate (GSL), whereas T2 treatment highly increased the contents of indolic GSL and total GSL. Genes related to GSL biosynthesis were down-regulated in CK and T3 treatments, while a majority of them were greatly up-regulated by T1 and T2. Hence, supplemental 12 μmol·m−2 s−1 UV-A might be a promising strategy to enhance the growth and quality of kale in a plant factory. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Light-Dependent Control of Metabolism in Plants)
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Review

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21 pages, 1271 KiB  
Review
Light-Dependent Regulatory Interactions between the Redox System and miRNAs and Their Biochemical and Physiological Effects in Plants
by Zsolt Gulyás, András Székely, Kitti Kulman and Gábor Kocsy
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(9), 8323; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24098323 - 5 May 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2156
Abstract
Light intensity and spectrum play a major role in the regulation of the growth, development, and stress response of plants. Changes in the light conditions affect the formation of reactive oxygen species, the activity of the antioxidants, and, consequently, the redox environment in [...] Read more.
Light intensity and spectrum play a major role in the regulation of the growth, development, and stress response of plants. Changes in the light conditions affect the formation of reactive oxygen species, the activity of the antioxidants, and, consequently, the redox environment in the plant tissues. Many metabolic processes, thus the biogenesis and function of miRNAs, are redox-responsive. The miRNAs, in turn, can modulate various components of the redox system, and this process is also associated with the alteration in the intensity and spectrum of the light. In this review, we would like to summarise the possible regulatory mechanisms by which the alterations in the light conditions can influence miRNAs in a redox-dependent manner. Daily and seasonal fluctuations in the intensity and spectral composition of the light can affect the expression of miRNAs, which can fine-tune the various physiological and biochemical processes due to their effect on their target genes. The interactions between the redox system and miRNAs may be modulated by light conditions, and the proposed function of this regulatory network and its effect on the various biochemical and physiological processes will be introduced in plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Light-Dependent Control of Metabolism in Plants)
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