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Toxicology of Metal Particles and OTC
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Toxicology of Metal Particles and OTC

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Toxicology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 10620

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Lorenzo Corsi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
Interests: pharmacology; cancer; toxicology, neuroscience; phytotherapy; cell biology; molecular pharmacology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The problem of environmental pollution is becoming a topic of debate in all areas of science. It is well known that environmental contaminants are threatening human health. In this scenario, the presence of antibiotic residues and their metabolites in food intended for human and animal consumption may have serious adverse effects, directly or indirectly. Indeed, some studies have revealed that widespread antibiotic use in agriculture and aquaculture might contribute to the development of resistance to antibiotics commonly used in human medicine. In addition, particular attention has been devoted to the potential toxicity of nanomaterials due to their rapid development in the last decade. Although a significant amount of scientific evidence has already described some of the potential impacts of antibiotics and nanomaterials on human health, more knowledge is needed to investigate the toxicity of specific antibiotic residuals in food, as well as metal particle exposure. Particular attention will be devoted to papers describing studies of oxytetracycline (OTC) in food as well as the toxicity of metal particles, where the molecular mechanism, the modulation of inflammatory pathways or cell transformation is reported. In vitro, in vivo and human studies that contribute to the understanding of the potential impacts of these contaminants on human health are welcome.

Dr. Lorenzo Corsi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • nanoparticles
  • oxytetracycline
  • toxicology
  • inflammation
  • pollution
  • antibiotic resistance
  • cell toxicity
  • human health
  • metal particles

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 2518 KiB  
Article
Insight into the Antibacterial Activity of Selected Metal Nanoparticles and Alterations within the Antioxidant Defence System in Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus epidermidis
by Oliwia Metryka, Daniel Wasilkowski and Agnieszka Mrozik
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(21), 11811; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111811 - 30 Oct 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3015
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles (NPs) is a desirable feature of various products but can become problematic when NPs are released into different ecosystems, potentially endangering living microorganisms. Although there is an abundance of advanced studies on the toxicity and biological activity of [...] Read more.
The antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles (NPs) is a desirable feature of various products but can become problematic when NPs are released into different ecosystems, potentially endangering living microorganisms. Although there is an abundance of advanced studies on the toxicity and biological activity of NPs on microorganisms, the information regarding their detailed interactions with microbial cells and the induction of oxidative stress remains incomplete. Therefore, this work aimed to develop accurate oxidation stress profiles of Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains treated with commercial Ag-NPs, Cu-NPs, ZnO-NPs and TiO2-NPs. The methodology used included the following determinations: toxicological parameters, reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzymes and dehydrogenases, reduced glutathione, oxidatively modified proteins and lipid peroxidation. The toxicological studies revealed that E. coli was most sensitive to NPs than B. cereus and S. epidermidis. Moreover, NPs induced the generation of specific ROS in bacterial cells, causing an increase in their concentration, which further resulted in alterations in the activity of the antioxidant defence system and protein oxidation. Significant changes in dehydrogenases activity and elevated lipid peroxidation indicated a negative effect of NPs on bacterial outer layers and respiratory activity. In general, NPs were characterised by very specific nano-bio effects, depending on their physicochemical properties and the species of microorganism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxicology of Metal Particles and OTC)
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14 pages, 4389 KiB  
Article
Dopant-Dependent Toxicity of CeO2 Nanoparticles Is Associated with Dynamic Changes in H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 and Transcriptional Activation of NRF2 Gene in HaCaT Human Keratinocytes
by Jang Hyun Choi, Haram Lee, Hangil Lee and Hansol Lee
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(6), 3087; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063087 - 17 Mar 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2523
Abstract
Despite advances in the preparation of metal oxide (MO) nanoparticles (NPs) as catalysts for various applications, concerns about the biosafety of these particles remain. In this study, we prepared transition metal-doped cerium oxide (TM@CeO2; TM = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, or [...] Read more.
Despite advances in the preparation of metal oxide (MO) nanoparticles (NPs) as catalysts for various applications, concerns about the biosafety of these particles remain. In this study, we prepared transition metal-doped cerium oxide (TM@CeO2; TM = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, or Ni) nanoparticles and investigated the mechanism underlying dopant-dependent toxicity in HaCaT human keratinocytes. We show that doping with Cr or Co but not Fe, Mn, or Ni increased the toxicity of CeO2 NPs in dose- and time-dependent manners and led to apoptotic cell death. Interestingly, while both undoped and transition metal-doped NPs increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), toxic Cr@CeO2 and Co@CeO2 NPs failed to induce the expression of NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) as well as its downstream target genes involved in the antioxidant defense system. Moreover, activation of NRF2 transcription was correlated with dynamic changes in H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 at the promoter of NRF2, which was not observed in cells exposed to Cr@CeO2 NPs. Furthermore, exposure to relatively non-toxic Fe@CeO2 NPs, but not the toxic Cr@CeO2 NPs, resulted in increased binding of MLL1 complex, a major histone lysine methylase mediating trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4, at the NRF2 promoter. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that failure of cells to respond to oxidative stress is critical for dopant-dependent toxicity of CeO2 NPs and emphasize that careful evaluation of newly developed NPs should be preceded before industrial or biomedical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxicology of Metal Particles and OTC)
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Review

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32 pages, 1887 KiB  
Review
Toxicological Profile of Plasmonic Nanoparticles in Zebrafish Model
by Marta d’Amora, Vittoria Raffa, Francesco De Angelis and Francesco Tantussi
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(12), 6372; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126372 - 14 Jun 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4246
Abstract
Plasmonic nanoparticles are increasingly employed in several fields, thanks to their unique, promising properties. In particular, these particles exhibit a surface plasmon resonance combined with outstanding absorption and scattering properties. They are also easy to synthesize and functionalize, making them ideal for nanotechnology [...] Read more.
Plasmonic nanoparticles are increasingly employed in several fields, thanks to their unique, promising properties. In particular, these particles exhibit a surface plasmon resonance combined with outstanding absorption and scattering properties. They are also easy to synthesize and functionalize, making them ideal for nanotechnology applications. However, the physicochemical properties of these nanoparticles can make them potentially toxic, even if their bulk metallic forms are almost inert. In this review, we aim to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the potential adverse effects of plasmonic nanoparticles in zebrafish (Danio rerio) during both development and adulthood, focusing our attention on the most common materials used, i.e., gold and silver. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxicology of Metal Particles and OTC)
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